1 00:00:25,119 --> 00:00:25,910 okay welcome everybody so we are um here today lecture number 21 uh coming into the home stretch of the course uh i'd say probably um this last quarter of the class of the course is a bit more technical uh perhaps so a little bit more abstract some of the theorems are going to be more difficult um so i'll i'll try to work through them slowly and answer your questions but uh um you know it's i think you can expect them to find the material a bit more challenging as we started uh um [Music] uh as we started um um you know with uh this theorem last time uh uh uh non-deterministic log space being closed under complement so nl equals colonel we kind of only got about part maybe a third of the way through that so i'm going to start over with that and spend kind of the first half of the lecture today talking about that and then we're going to talk about the hierarchy theorems which are very important um uh aspect of the complexity landscape basically they tell you that if you allow you know your favorite model let's say turing machines to have more resources then they can do more things um but we'll get to that in due course okay so let us uh go back to oops reminder to myself um go back to the immerman celeb cheney uh which is that nl is equal to co nl um so as i mentioned these are going to be the same slides as last time uh and i'll just try to walk through them slowly um i hope hope i hope you i hope you uh get it but if you don't you know uh ask me at the ta's questions so we're gonna first i mean the the the the i the thing we're gonna show is that the complement of path is solvable in non-deterministic log space we already know that path is solvable in nl that's easy to do you basically just start at the start node and you guess the sequence of nodes storing only the current node in your log space working memory on the on your in your logs based work tape you guess the sequence of nodes on the different branches of the non-determinism and if you ever get to the target node t then you can accept um but how can a non-deterministic log space machine know or accept the complement of path so it would have to accept when there's no path um and that uh is a lot harder but it's a big surprise to the complexity community that it is it is true um so as we uh discussed last time we're going to talk about computing functions with a non-deterministic machine and that turns out to be a convenient way of looking at this so we're going to have non-deterministic machines that have different branches of their non-determinism you know on some input and they're supposed to compute some function value you know remaining on the tape but because of the non-determinism you can't imagine that different branches might have different function outputs well that's not allowed all branches must either report the value of the function um that we're trying to compute or they can punt basically they can reject and say well you know uh i i you know it's a basically i i don't know so all branches can must either report the correct answer or they can say i don't know and some branch must at least one branch must report an answer must report the answer um for and that's what it means to be computing a function with a non-deterministic machine and we're going to show that certain functions can be computed with non-deterministic log space machines um in particular this path function which sort of incorporates both the positive and negative of the pair both when there is a path and when there is an is not a path into into the function because the function has to answer yes when there is a path from s to t and no when there is no path from s to t okay so if you could do this you're done because um you can make a non-deterministic you could make an nl machine so if you could compute the path function you could make an nl machine which would accept whenever the function says no um and the other cases you know and if the um machine that's computing the function uh rejects you can then you'll reject as well but you accept if the function says no and so therefore you're going to be making a an nl machine which does the complement of the path problem so it's uh you know if you can compute the path function that would be great so that's what we would like to be able to do so as i mentioned we're going to have two other values that that are going to be relevant to computing the path function which is what we're ultimately going to do and that's going to be the number of nodes that you can reach from the start uh from the the start node in your graph and the and then for r is is the collection of nodes and c is the number of reachable nodes um so shown on this picture and here i'm if it's helpful to you to see it in a more form is you can think of r as a function of the graph and the start node of course but sometimes we'll just call it r you know when it's clear which graph and start node we're talking about r is the set of reachable nodes so it's the collection u such that the answer is yes and c is the size of r okay so the way we're going to start is kind of an easy theorem though this is still going to be relevant kind of at the end um but for now it's really more a practice with the concept that we have come up you know this function concept that we've just introduced so i want to say that the path function with an nl machine then i can compute the count uh with an nl machine okay so understand what computing the path function means that you have your nl machine and um every branch has to either say i don't know which is reject or it has to have the answer which in it's going to be yes if there is a path and know if there is no path and if i can do be able to count the number of nodes that do have a path the number of notes for which the answer is yes and this i think if you're comfortable with the definition this is [Music] more or less obvious because what you would do is you would go through the nodes of g one by one and test uh using your path function uh what the answer is yes or no and every time it's a yes you add one to the count until you've gone through all of the nodes and then um you have your answer which is nodes that's c now if the machine that's trying to compute the path function on the non-determinism rejects that that's okay you'll computing c that branch will reject also but when you're um some branch has to get the right answer on the on uh you know for it has to get the right answer um and so then you get the you know you know what's happening with that node and so you then um can either increment the count or you move on to the next node i think i'm uh trying to say i'm not sure if i'm making any clear by kind of repeating myself but okay here so you're going to start out with the you're given the the graph and the start node we're trying to compute this value c which is the number rechargeable from the start node you start out with you you have a counter which you're going to set initially to zero and you go through every node of the graph and if uh the path function computation says yes you can reach you then you add one to the count it says no you cannot reach you then you just continue um and uh maybe i should add another line here if if the you know if the if the the thing that's computing uh rejects then you also reject um and then at the end you output um so what we're going to prove is the other direction if i give you the count then i can answer the question for each node whether it's reachable or not and this is the thing because what it's saying that is i can give you the count i'm done if we can get that count that's going to be enough um okay so maybe even before the check-in maybe we should just answer any questions because you know if if you're stuck here then you then you're doomed um so i think it's you it makes sense to try to understand what's going on at this at this um because i think the real the real guts of this proof is coming on the next slide um they're kind of the main idea so i'm happy to take if there's any questions about this i'll just wait for a second to see if you're typing away there well why don't we go to the check-in maybe that'll help um not a very difficult check-in um it'll come up okay just a little practice with the concept so i'm getting going to give you some graph it has nine nodes um and i want to know the value of the count um so we'll we'll assume that s the start node here is reachable from itself and now what's the value of c okay are we good gonna shut this down give you another two seconds please get your answer in okay uh ready set end yeah the right answer is in fact uh e which is six there are six reachable nodes in this graph and that's what the value c is supposed to tell you is how many nodes can i get to from s okay and what i'm saying is that if i can calculate that in this sort of non-deterministic function sense so if it's so some branches can get that answer um then i can use that to test for each node whether it's reachable or not which is kind of a little bit of a miracle right that's kind of surprising just knowing how many nodes are reachable will allow me to test whether each individual node is reachable um because that's there's no obvious reason why that would be so there's uh going to be a procedure for doing that which is on the next slide and here it is um okay so this is the key idea that we're going to repeat um uh later but so it's good to understand um this is this is the slide you really need to understand uh okay so i'm given the graph let's assume the graph has m nodes um now as i said okay so let's just say what what are we doing here given that count we can compute path so we'll get the answer for every node in the graph if i just know how many you know so i'll know i can get the answer for which whether a node is reachable or not if i just have if i just know how many reachable nodes there are um so what i'm going to do is get get that count of how many are reachable now i'm going to go through um i'm going to because let's see what's the idea here uh before we even jump into the algorithm the idea is let's say i know how many nodes are reachable like 100 nodes are reachable now what i'm going to do what the algorithm is going to do is find all hundred reachable nodes it's got one by one but it doesn't matter sort of conceptually it's going to find all reachable all reachable nodes and non-deterministically guessing them so it's not sure in advance which ones they are but it's going to guess basically a hundred no it's going to guess some of the nodes as being reachable confirm that the ones that guest are reachable are reachable and then check to see that that number equals 100. on some branch of the non-determinism you will guess right and you'll end up with exactly the right set of 100 reachable nodes and then you'll see is t one of those reachable ones um in which case you say yes or is t not one what is not one of those hundred nodes and then um you know the answer is no because if you've guessed a hundred nodes and you know they're all reachable and you know there are exactly 100 reachable nodes then every other node is not reachable so that's kind of that's the spirit of this and that's i'm just going to write that down here on in the algorithm can you guys hear me still somebody said my audio is like blipping out i am getting a sign or two of unstable internet so you know uh if if you need me to repeat anything just just send me a note good thank you okay um all right so well uh oh maybe i should speak slowly if it's not coming through too well okay um so so what we're going to do is go through eat all the nodes of the graph one by one and guess whether it's a reachable node or not a reachable node if we guess it is reachable i'm going to also guess the path which shows that it's reachable and then i'm gonna and i'm gonna keep a count of how many reachable nodes i found if that count agrees with the value c um i started with then i know i found them all and if t is not one of them then i know t is not reachable that's the idea okay so here's my this is going to be a count of the number of nodes that i have found which are reachable um that's k now here i'm going i'm going to non-deterministically choose is it a reachable node or not i've just called it two branches of the algorithm the p branch or the n branch p means there's a path and n means there's no path so if i guessed p at this point for this node u so i'm going through each of the nodes one by one each and u is the current node if i've guessed that it's it is it does have a path from s then i'm going to uh guess that path to make sure that it really is a reachable note um if i fail to find a path then this is one of the branches of the non-determinism that is going to fail it's going to punt it's going to say i don't know under this branch um because either you guessed wrong and this node was not reachable or if it was reachable you guessed you you failed to find a path which shows you that it's reachable there was some path but you didn't guess the right one um either way you made a bad choice you're gonna you're just gonna punt now if you have determined that t is uh um that node that you've just shown is reachable because at this stage you did not fail so you succeeded in showing a path to um then um uh and u equals t then you know t is reachable that so there is a path from s to t and you're finished that you know you've got the answer you're looking for and so now you can say yes otherwise if t is some if you is some other node then you can just increase your count of the number of reachable nodes that you found okay so you've found a reachable node if it's t you're great you're done if it's not you just include that as your in your account of reachable nodes um now if you've guessed that the node is not reachable okay then you just proceed you know you you're not gonna you're just gonna move on to the next note because you're looking for a collection of reachable notes um okay uh i'm getting some questions here but let me let me wait till the end here um now after i finished going through all of the nodes so i'm finished with this uh um this loop here of going through all the nodes um now i see did i find c reachable nodes because k is the count of the nodes that i've found to be reachable if that agrees with c then i know i found them all if it differs from c then something has gone wrong because i am told there are c reachable nodes and i did not find c reachable nodes so i made some bad guess along the way i guess some node which really is reachable i guess it was not reachable so i didn't find them all i'm gonna punt um but if i found them all and so and and i didn't end up accepting it it didn't say yes at this stage so t was not one of the ones i found a reachable then i then i uh i'm convinced that t is not one of those that are reachable that was not one of those c nodes that i found which are reachable and now i can say no okay so let me let me take questions here uh because i think we're yeah that's the end of this slide this is this is the kind of an important uh piece to understand we can spend a couple of minutes trying to work through this uh so somebody's asking how does non-deterministically pick a path fail it if you fail um what i mean is pick a path from s to u so you have to go from s to whatever your current node u is so you're going to pick some path to u you guessed u is reachable now you have to demonstrate it's reachable by picking a path from s to you if you don't end up at u um and the pair you don't want to go forever on any branch so you're going to limit it to m steps your path has to be of length m at most so after m steps if you have not reached you by that point you've picked a bad path and you're going to reject um okay uh okay so what's the difference between know and reject that's a good question um reject in this case is an i don't know the algorithm uh could not make a determination based on the guesses that it's made in this non-deterministic branch of the algorithm it made bad choices which doesn't allow it to reach a conclusion one way or the other okay remember this algorithm here is computing a function now it's not a now it cannot deterministic algorithm in the language recognition sense this is a function computer and so it has to get the answer to the path function which is a yes or no or i don't know on some branches or some branches that's allowed to do that too so no and reject are totally different um okay okay this is the same thing we talked about last time why do we need two branches for p and n um if we're only going to have proposal just to have the p branch well but some nodes are not reachable if you're gonna look for if you're gonna you know if you have a an unreachable node so it's not an r you can't get to that node from s you have to skip over that note because you're trying to find a subset of the reachable nodes so you're trying to pick that subset here um one note at a time so if you're only going to allow things you're going to require everything in this subset there are going to be some nodes which are not reachable and you're not going to find a path because they're not reachable and you're going to end up projecting all the time you know on that node so you're going to be this the algorithm will will it will not will not work um okay so i'm not sure i understand this question here but somebody says if t is reachable we output yes on that branch but don't we also output no on some other branch let's that's that's a good cool let's see what happens if it's if t is actually reachable um how can we up so if t is reachable there's some branch that's going to output yes we all agree with that at least if you're following we agree but how could some other branch output no if t actually is reachable because that's a great question um and no that's not going to happen uh if t is actually reachable how could a branch output no um [Music] that must mean that it does not guess t as one of the reachable nodes because it's going through all of the nodes here um you know it's going to all the nodes and it's picking them as reachable or not if it pick t is one of the reachable ones then it's going to output yes because it will find you know it'll either output yes or if it doesn't find the right doesn't guess the right path it'll end up rejecting on that uh on that path but some path will will end up saying yes so if t is reachable and uh if you guess if you know t is reachable and you guess t you know you guess u is reachable one at the point when u equals t you will end up outputting s the only way you could not not output yes is if you guess that node is unreachable but then your count is not going to add up right because you you wouldn't you did not find all the reachable nodes if t is one of the reachable nodes and you know there are 100 reachable nodes and you skipped over t as one of the ones that you say is unreachable you at best can only find 99 reachable nodes and and you're not going to end up saying no you're going to end up projecting so it's a very good question but you have to think through what's going to happen here that's this c here is kind of a check it's almost like you know um uh well in it's like a checksum if you know what it is it's so it makes sure that everything that you if you got to see if you got the if if k equals c at this point that means you actually found all the reachable nodes so c is kind of a check that you found all the reachable nodes um right so if k equals c at this point you have found every reachable node and if t was one of the ones that are reachable you found t uh okay let's see um is the reason we do this with c essentially so that we know and we can stop guessing and correctly identify if it's impossible to reach t well it's not a matter of it it's not a matter of stopping guessing it's it's it's a it's a check that we found everything because we're going to go through and do all the guessing for every node no matter what so we're not going to stop anything early unless we find that t is reachable then then we can stop early but if to show that t is not reachable we have to go through the whole process um how can we intuitively see that we don't have contradictory branches that's sort of i was trying to say that just now i don't know i i hope that got through you can't have contradictory branches because if you got to this stage here you have found all the reachable nodes so you've at this stage if you got to six you have made all correct guesses you have found all the reachable nodes you have convinced yourself that they're all reachable um by guessing the pairs to them and you've checked that you have the right number of reachable nodes because it equals c so you must have found them all so you cannot have a contradictory answer because either t was one of the ones you found in which case you would have already said yes or otherwise you found them all and t was not one of them and so you're going to say no you can't have both both things cannot happen okay let's move on so the next thing we're going to do is the next slide is exactly the same as this slide except instead of saying is um is t reachable i want to know is it reachable within d but within distance d okay so um which is going to mean exactly the same procedure can i get uh instead of asking can i get um um uh from s to t with a path of any length of course it's going to be most length m now i want to know can i get to it from s to t by a path of most length d these are number of edges in the path say um and uh that's the same procedure because instead of i'm just going to cut things off at a d but if i if i if i know in advance how many nodes are reachable within d um i'm going to find all the nodes that are reachable within d and c was t one of the ones reachable within d it's the same exact idea so here here is the next slide which kind of shows that uh so here here's the definitions path sub d means reachable by a path of length of most d okay so um r sub d is all of the ones that are reachable by a path of that length and c sub d is the count it's a number that are reachable uh within d um so if you understood the last slide hopefully this slide will seem kind of obvious to you i'm gonna just highlight all the changes so if i can now calculate c sub d which is the number reachable by a path at most of length d then i can test whether or not nodes are reachable by a path without length first i calculate c sub d i go i pick every node as being reachable within d or not now i just have to check that my path that i'm guessing has a length of most d instead of length at most m which is what i had before keep a count of the ones that i found if that count equals c sub d then i know i found them all if it's not equal to c sub d then uh i've made some bad choice along the way and i can just punt and say i don't know um and if t was not one of the ones that i've shown to be reachable within d then i know it's not reachable within d and so um uh i can say no okay so i don't know if this merits any additional questions um but this is really the same it's just a repeat of the previous slide what's kind of amazing is now the last slide is going to be again a repeat uh let me just let me just force out of where we're going but feel free to ask a question on this or on the first slide if you didn't on the previous slide if you didn't get that um also we can try to help you out with that um the next slide what i'm going to do is show how to compute all these c values and i should mention um the value c which is the total number reachable is going to be the same as c sub m reachable with an m the number of nodes of the graph so if i can get up to c sub m i'm done um and what i'm gonna show you is that uh knowing c sub i i can compute c sub i plus one or c sub d i can compute c sub d plus one since i'm using d as my index here basically so c sub zero we know is just s well r you know it's just one because you can read just start with s that's the only thing reachable with zero and then once i know that i can fi figure out c sub 1 c sub 2 c sub 3 and so on and then i get the c sub n and then i have the count of the total number reachable and then i can test the path function um okay so the trick now is being able to count uh given c sub d i would like to figure out what is c sub d plus one now how am i going to do that what i'm going to do is that's my goal what i'm going to do is something in between i'm going to do a theorem just like this but instead of given c sub d instead of computing paths of d i'm going to compute paths of d plus 1. so knowing how many are reachable from d i'm going to give a test for whether things are reachable within d plus one and the fact is that's easy because this thing already tells me how to compute whether i'm reachable within d and being able to be reachable from within d plus one means i have an edge from something that's reachable within d so if i can figure out which are reachable within d well and i just want to say do i have an edge you know uh do i have an edge from from one of the nodes that are reachable within d then i'm reachable within d plus one then if i can test whether individual nodes are reachable within d plus one i can count how many nodes are reachable within d plus one that was that very first easy theorem that i showed so i know there's a lot of pieces here that you have to put together but in the end each p each individual piece is not that bad um okay i don't know how many of you have followed me oh no this is not supposed to be here uh there we go so here is the last part which again is just a simple modification of what what the previous slide had so i'm going to show how to compute the path d plus 1 function so testing if there's a path of length d plus 1 from s to some node t but only knowing how many nodes are reachable within d so i'm going to find all nodes that are reachable within d just like i did before but see if any one of those nodes has an edge to t not necessarily that one is equal to t because that says that t is reachable within d but i want to know does it have an edge to t that means t is reachable within d plus one so if i find all the nodes that are reachable within d and t turns out to be reachable from one of those with it by an edge then t is reachable within d uh d plus one and if d is not reachable from any of those nodes with an edge then t is not reachable when d plus one i hope you're following me i'm not sure you are uh so anyway that's the that's the algorithm here and uh uh the corollary is that you can compute c sub d plus one from c sub d because if you can count the path you if you can test for each node if it's reachable as i mentioned before you go through all the nodes see whether the reachable and d plus d plus one and then count them up now i have c sub d plus one and now i'm done because uh uh i'm gonna compute each d plus one from the from the value d that i previously computed i'm going to do that from for all these should say zero here actually um and except uh if the path says if this if the path function now says there's no that the answer is no because i'm trying to do you know the complement of the path language and reject of the path uh thing for m says yes and that's my non-deterministic algorithm for the path complement uh problem anyway maybe you need to look at a little bit offline um it's presented in a little bit different way in the book uh i don't know if that will be more or less clear to you but i kind of i think this has been a little bit more unpacked for the purposes of the lecture um so let's just see do we i'm not getting any questions which probably means uh uh i've lost a huge chunk of you um but uh the good news is we're gonna move on to a different topic so um but feel free to ask a question on this if you want or we're going to shift gears now to talking about the hierarchy theorems which is going to be the second half of the lecture also not so easy i have to say probably a little less technical than this one is but it's also this are going to be um spending time on just mainly just one theorem but anyway so looking ahead to what where we're going and then we'll have a break um we uh well what we've shown so far these are the major complexity classes i'm not not including let's say the the complementary classes the co-np uh type classes um these are the major complex classes we've seen so far and as we've seen they form a hierarchy of containments some of those containments trivial and some slightly less trivial but we have not shown whether any of these classes are different you know we've pointed out that there are some unsolved problems here but do we know any of these classes differ from each other or could it all collapse down to l and the answer to that is we do know that p space and l are actually different that we can prove and it's a um it relies on the theorem that says if you give a turing machine more space then you can do more things so because p space is much is a bigger bound than log space we know we can do more things in fact because n l is contained within log squared space deterministically and p space is bigger than that we actually can separate p space and nm so we're going to prove that today um so the basically the idea of the theorem says that if you give a turing machine a bit more time or a bit more space then it can do more though you have there are some conditions on that that we have to uh we'll get into one of the conclusions that we'll show is that um time n squared if you compare with time it's you know the time com the things you can do in n squared time uh versus the things you can do in cube time there are more things you can do in n-cube time then you can what you can do with n-square time i mean that's what you would expect um but it's not the case that everything we expect in uh complexity theory we can prove this is one of the things we can prove so as you add more time you can do more things so this is a proper subset here so there's there are some things in time n cubed that are not in time n squared and ditto for space okay um so that's going to be that brings us to our coffee break and so feel free to shoot me any questions about what we've done so far or anything else and otherwise we will um launch our timer and i'll see you in five minutes okay so i get getting some good questions here could we also make a solution this is getting back to that um um uh um the logs the nl equals coin l somebody's saying could we just um make another selection just by non-deterministically choosing c vertices and then not and then checking that they're all reachable that's effectively what we're doing but be careful that we because we cannot store c vertices so that's why we're doing them one at a time we can't guess all c vertices up front because where you're going to store all that we only have log space okay another so maybe somebody's asking how much working space do we need for storing the intermediate steps i'm not sure what intermediate steps you mean but if it's all the ci values you know see going from c0 to c1 to c2 to c3 we don't store those we all you need you need c sub d to calculate c sub d plus one and then you forget c sub d you couldn't store all the c values but you don't need them all you only need the most recent one to go to the next one okay somebody's asking can i go over why the complement of path in nl implies nl equal coin l because the complement of path is uh essentially it's co n l complete i mean l it is um so everything in nl is reducible to path the everything in cohen l is reducible to the complement of path by the same reduction um and so if you can do the complement of path in any uh class you can do all of the complements of nl languages in any class and so you can do the complement of path in nl you can do all the connell problems in out in nl and so then nl equals comma now you have to you have to just think through the logic of it this is not that that part is not hard um why it's enough to solve the path complement problem in nl that does everything else because it's a good so the same completeness phenomenon that we've been seeing okay somebody's asking about the the two sat problem that we talked about last time um and is it um and you know i i pointed out that that's in nl the you know the the two side problem well the complement of the two set problem uh you know the unsatisfiable two set formulas that that's an nl language because you can basically look for a contradiction uh non-deterministically in log space um that's i think i probably won't be able to explain that in a minute but maybe we'll have our recitation instructors cover that in recitation um it's a nice proof not very hard but it's it's an it's a nice proof it's it's it's it's it's you know it's not it's something you have to do you have to think about you you have to argue but it's still it's not super hard um understanding the two sad problem and you know the complement of two set we showed is in nl and because nl equals coin l also the two sat problem itself without complementation is in nl and in fact is nl complete okay um i think we're going to have to move on uh i'll stick around after lecture in cases any questions that i can answer quickly at that point sorry if i couldn't get to your question just now all right continuing on here okay shifting gears the space hierarchy theorem so um so as i mentioned i think um uh maybe it's good to just go back to this slide here um we're going to do the time and space hierarchy theorems which show that if you can do a little bit more if you give a little bit more time or a little bit more space you can do more things we're going to do the space case first because that actually tends to be slightly for certain technical reasons slightly easier so uh space hierarchy theorem so here is the statement of the theorem and it says for any bound think of s is going to be some you know space bound and again f has to satisfy some technical condition in yellow remember that it's yellow because that's going to be relevant later um uh so there's going to be some technical condition um for no matter what function you you have whatever space bound you have as long as it satisfies this condition which is a mild condition but you need it uh whatever space bound you have um you can find a language a which requires exactly that much space so if f is like n cubed we're going to find a language a that requires n cubed space if it's n to the hundredth we can find the language that requires into the 100th space and cannot be done within 1999 space whatever it is you can find a language that requires exactly that much space and if you like it a little bit more formally so that means that it can be decided in that much space but it cannot be decided in less space okay framing it in a slightly different way in terms of our space classes um i'm going to define a notion which is you know kind of it's not it's not said this way in the book but maybe it's a helpful way to write it down it's space little o of f of n so those are all the things that you can do by a function that's little o of f of n in space so space little o of f n is properly contained within space f of n in other words there's something here which is not in there okay picture pictorially i'm going to exhibit some language some explicit language a which i can do in this much space but not in any less now you know you can sort of think of this as a little bit like the situation for context-free languages and regular languages where we exhibited a particular language that differentiated that was it context-free but not regular and we're going to kind of do the same thing now but the one key difference is that in the case of separating the context free and the regular we could give a nice language like 0 to the k1 to the k here the language is not going to be so nice to describe it's going to be the language that some turing machine we're going to give decides but you're not going to be able to get a nice simple understanding of a it's going to be whatever that turing machine does and so in that sense it's not a very natural language um that's easy to sort of get your mind around um so the i outline and really you don't have to worry about this but maybe it helps it's really going to be a kind of a diagonalization proof um the way this machine d um is going to operate so d is going to give you my language a um so d is going to be designed and i'm going to show you d on the next slide uh d is going to run within my target space bound f of n and here's the key here's the kicker d is going to be designed to make sure that its language cannot be done in less space and the way it does that is it makes sure that its language is different from any language that that is um decidable by a turing machine in in less space and it's going to be different in at least one place so any d is going to guarantee that its language cannot be done in little o of f of n space because it's going to be different from every language that's doable in little o of f of n space somewhere okay that's the point and then the language a is going to be the language of this uh turing machine d okay so it looks like a tall order the d has to make sure that each you know that that for every machine its language differs uh from that machine's language if that machine is running in little of f event space but it's basically going to be a diagonalization so for all of the different possible inputs to d that input is going to actually code up a machine uh on which we're going to make sure that we're different from that machine if it's a small space machine okay let's see so i can take a couple of questions here does f have to be computable so that's going to be one of the conditions um that we're going to have to guarantee where f satisfies the technical condition yeah it's going to end up being half it's going to be computable but that's not enough um good question though uh okay so let's let's let's move on from there okay now so here is now what's what my job is to give you this turing machine d so d these language is going to be my my language a which i can which requires f of n space cannot be done unless okay oops i need to i need the full slide here so i have to take myself out um [Music] all right uh now this is my goal i want to exhibit this language a which i can do in this much space but not in any less and so i'm going to give this machine d as i mentioned where a is d's language d runs in order f event space and that sort of that achieves this part and d it makes sure that its language cannot be done in any less space so that achieves this part so it's different from the language of any machine that runs in little o event f of n space okay um [Music] so uh this is how d is gonna work okay i'm gonna try to give you a little picture uh to help help see the to accompany the description uh so d gets its input w which is of length n the very first thing d does is it marks off f of n's space because it's only allowed to use we're only going to allow d to use f of n space because otherwise we're in danger of d not of a not being in in space f of n so d is going to guarantee that by making sure it's going to mark off f of n space and if it ever tries to use more than that it just rejects and but by virtue of that we're sure that these language is in space f of n because d is an f of n space turing machine and it's going to be the side okay so this part so far is not too hard okay now we're going to start getting into the meat here so if w um now what we want to think of w as a description of a machine that we're going to feed that's that's going to run on w so this is going to a little bit you know back to an earlier when we talked about diagonalization so don't get thrown off by this um we if we're going to think of w not only as the input to d but it's also going to be the description of a machine and if it turns out that w is doesn't describe anything it's just a jump w then we're not not interested we're gonna we're just gonna reject on that w we're only interested in the w's that do describe some machine m okay so if m if w uh describes some machine m then we're gonna run m on w and we're going to do the do the opposite of what uh what m does that's the whole idea we're just going to uh make sure that what we're doing is not the same as what emma's doing so at a high level the the basic idea for this is is not hard um so we're going to simulate m on w if m x rejects then we'll accept and if m accepts then we'll reject we're just going to do the opposite um and i think that is so we have to be careful when we do the simulation this is a little bit of a detail but you know this is a proof where you need to pay attention to some details um the cost of simulating m on d is only a constant factor um because if m uses a certain amount of space when d is simulating m you know m may have a larger tape alphabet than d does but these can then encode um m's tape by using several cells for each of m's cells but it's only going to be a constant factor and that's important here because um we have to make sure that you know if this was a big blow up um d would not be able to run m um i i think i'm sort of arguing the details without making sure we understand the fundamental concept um so let me back up the point is that d is doing something the opposite of m now uh d can't be different from every m because d itself is a turing machine of course but but the thing is is that d is only running within f of n tape cells so it has to be able to do that simulation of m within that amount of tape if m is using a lot of tape then d is going to use a lot of tape and it's just going to reject so this is only going to really come into play getting being able to simulate m if m is using a small amount of using a small amount of space so that d can do the simulation okay so let's just see maybe uh so they're going to be some issues here but before i get to that let's just see what uh what your questions are how can a turing machine know if w is encoding some other turing machine no that's simple you know what what is a coding of a turing machine it's just you know the standard we have a standard coding um it's just you know coding the rules of the machine so it has to have states transition function blah blah blah so it just has to be some you know whatever our encoding for the turing machine is we can always test whether a string is a legitimate encoding of a turing machine so that that shouldn't be bad um somebody says why do we reject if we use more than f n cells isn't it okay to use order f of n yes it could be but we have to cut it off somewhere you know it might be it's okay we could use two f of n we could use 10 f of n but we have to have some constant for d and let's just kind of simply constant one so d has to run within f of n cells um and that's going to guaran that's going to be good enough for us okay do we have to make sure that m runs a little of f of n so we can't really tell whether m is running in little o of f of n or we can tell us whether we can finish the simulation so that's actually going to be maybe you can just hold off on that question because there is a point that we have to follow up on in that which is um uh just because you know we may or may not be able to finish simulating m on this w doesn't necessarily tell us what the asymptotic behavior of m is but we'll have to look at that in a bit okay so somebody's saying what happens if m loops on w that's going to be one of our issues we have to deal with that's a good question there step two alone can use them more than f of n cells yeah step two alone can use more than f of n cells if it does we're just going to end up projecting okay so we're getting good questions here some of them we're going to which i'm going to address anyway so why don't we just move on um okay so here is sort of a question i think this is one of the questions that that related to one of the ones that got asked what happens if it runs in little of f of n space so we we remember what we're trying to do is be different from every small space you know little o of f of n space machine so what if m runs a little o of f of n space but has a big constant so what i mean by that concretely is suppose d is an n cubed space so suppose we're trying to get a in in cubed space but show what's not in n squared space d is going to run an n cubed and what and we have to make sure that any machine that's running in n squared space cannot do the same language um so we're going to be different from that but the problem is that uh in uh the machine m might be running in n squared space but with a huge constant so it might be running in a million n squared so that's still a machine that's running in a little o of n cubed and we have to be different from it but for the particular w we're working on we might not have enough space to run m because of the huge constant it that con the asymptotic behavior is only going to be relevant well for large w for smaller b we may not see that we may not have enough space to run m so um what are we going to do to fix that we're going to run that m on infinitely many different w so it's going to be infinitely many different w's that are all going to encode the same m and the way i'm going to do that is by uh thinking of w as representing m but having an unbounded number of trailing zeros after that so i'm going to strip off the very first thing i'm going to do with w is i'm going to strip off the trailing zeros up into the final one i'm going to remove those and then take the rest and as the description of the machine so now i'm going to have potentially w's that have an enormous number of zeros at the end big enough so that i can see the asymptotic behavior of m and that if m is really running in little o of f of n space i'll have enough space to run m to completion on w and so then i'll be able to be different from it okay um so i'm kind of showing that over here so here's a very large w i'm going to strip off the trailing zeros the rest of it is just going to be m and i'm going to run this m on the whole w the entire w without the zero stripped off so now m is going to be running on a very large input um big enough so that d uh d which has asymptotically more space than m does will have enough space to run empty completion um now another question that got asked what happens if m loops that's going to be a problem because d always has to hold and if it just blindly simulates m then d might be looping on m none of m is going to use a lot of space by the way because then d is going to catch it in step one but if m uses his loops on a small amount of space then uh d might end up looping as presently constructed so what i'm going to do is i'm going to put a counter which makes it stop if it runs for 2 to the f of n space so basically because that's how long d could possibly run without looping anyway m could be running without looping anyway and so we're going to run it for this amount of this number of steps and uh i'm going to reject if it hasn't yet halted as well as uh that because it has to be looping at that point anyway um and so it's not interesting for us it doesn't matter what we're going to do if it hasn't halted because m is not a decider and the last thing is how to compute f um so i'll try to address some questions here in in our remaining time uh how to compute f so to mark off f of n cells we also have to compute f i didn't think anybody any of you guys asked that question except maybe sort of the very beginning about f being a computable function certainly f is going to have to be computable but not only does it have to be computable it has to be computable within the space bound and that's just going to be a condition we're going to impose on f it's so called space constructable namely that you can compute it within its own space bound and all nice functions that we care about are going to be space constructable so it's not doesn't turn out to be an obstacle to applying uh the hierarchy theorem but it is a condition that we need it actually is not true without that condition um okay let's let's just oh this i have a check in here maybe we can take a couple of questions first some of you are anticipating my check-in actually which is good um so let me hold off on those sorry a bit confused about what is m can we say d as input m and simulate m on yeah so uh somebody's saying can we say that d has input m and simulates m on itself yes that's exactly what's happening the reason why we're doing that is because we have to cover all possible m's so as we get all possible inputs w they're going to range over all possible ends and so every possible m is going to get addressed to see if we can run it um within the space bound and be different from it d's job is to be different from each of those ends but it's not you know again there were some details here that got raised in these issues um but in a sense this is just kind of more technical i would focus on understanding what i originally wrote down because that's the main idea the rest of it is just kind of implementation details okay so why don't i can i give an example of a non-space constructable function yes log log log n space you cannot compute log log log n space within log log log n space and in fact it's known that there's nothing new between constant space which is just regular and log log log n space anything you can do in log log log n space is a regular language so the the hierarchy theorem doesn't doesn't won't apply there because well it applies but that's not a it doesn't well you know it's not it's not space constructible to find higher level um you know large um non-space constructable functions you can do it but they're you know you you they're not easy to describe okay let's do our check in here what happens when we run dion itself i got a couple of people asking me about that so that's a this is just a good lead into our check-in and this a little you really have to understand what's going on to see what does d do when if you feed in itself maybe with some trailing zeros because remember the algorithm strips off trailing zero so what is what does it do in that case um so here are my options there you can get to pick which ones which one you uh you think is the answer so i'll give you another 30 seconds on this because this requires a little bit of thinking if you want to invest in it all right i'm wrapping this up guys five seconds to go okay i'm gonna end it so get your participation points in a bunch of you have not uh said anything come on um i can see the count here and it's there's a three or four of you are not not answered well you're going to lose out closing all right so the right answer is in fact c it does reject let's just understand what happened is definitely we don't get a contradiction i mean this is an algorithm i just described it's going to do something um uh i'm assuming the people who picked e are having fun as i did when i came up with the check-in but um uh not a question answer a doesn't is not going to be good either because d has to be a decider so it can't loop on anything so the only sort of reasonable answers are accept or reject when you run d on itself uh what's it going to try to do it's going to the very first thing it's going to you know mark off f of n tape cells and then it's going to get its input which is itself tries to simulate itself on the same input that uh simulated d is also going to try to mark off f of n tape cells but um due to some simulation you know there's going to be some cost to doing the stimulation when the simulated d is going to try to mark off f of n tape cells it's going to blow the original d space bound and exceed the bound and so d is going to reject up right in step one when it tries to get an input of its of itself so that's um it's very clear what's gonna happen in this it's just gonna reject because of the for this reject this reject in particular and notice this would you know yeah you know okay let me not try to confuse it um okay so that's that's that's all i want to say about this um let's now move in our remaining seven minutes to the time hierarchy theorem which is very has the same proof um but some of the technical details are slightly different okay um so now if i give you a time bound again we you have gonna have a face with the same notion that you have to be able to compute f within f's amount of time so it has to be a time constructable i'm not gonna define that um so there's a language a which requires that much time um so it has to be decidable within that much time but there's a slight difference here and there's and this is an artifact of the proof of the theorem not because it's an absolute truth as far as we know uh it's not that it's not decidable little o of f n you actually you can only prove something slightly weaker when you have one tape turing machines that it's little decidable little o over there's there's a slight um uh gap in what you can prove so it's not only that you can't prove you it requires little o but little o of little of f of n over log f of n is uh what you can prove that the you get from this uh time hierarchy theorem but let's not get caught up on that for now um uh okay so the proof outline is the same outline as we had before um uh we're going to give a d that runs in order f of n time so it's ensures that the language is in that uh time complexity class time f of n and it makes sure it's different from every machine that runs faster by some significant love by a log factor faster okay and so um why don't i uh show how that goes um the proof is in some ways almost exactly the same um i'm going to give a d which runs this much time and it shows it's different from every m that runs in a lot less time here is the algorithm for d now it computes f n but it does something a little different with f of n remember in the space hierarchy theorem we marked off f of n space now this f event is going to be used for a different purpose it's going to be a clock and you have to shut m down if it runs for more than f of n steps not if it uses more than f of n space because we're only interested in m's that use significantly less than f of n time so we're going to run an m you know for f for some number of steps whatever m says we're going to do the opposite and only if we can actually finish that simulation we'll be be able to be sure that we're different from what m is doing um so this is the whole algorithm here we don't have to do any further modifications and where's that login factor coming from it's actually coming from a funny place um and and you know you have to get into the little bit of the guts of this when you're simulating m on w remember that m itself was described by w so you're going to have to write down a copy of m which is you know just as described by w and then so you're gonna and then you're gonna have the tape that am is working on which is starting out with w on it um and uh you have to be now you have to be a little careful how you manage that because if your description of m is just sitting at the beginning of the tape as you're simulating m every time you do one step and modifying the tape you don't want to have to go back to the beginning of the tape to look up the next step of m so you actually have to carry m along with you as you're doing the simulation and you can do that by expanding the tape alphabet of the tape so that you can effectively have two symbols on one cell one is going to be for describing m and the other one is going to be for just the for m's for the simulation tape and you'll be carrying m along with you uh wherever your head is so you don't have to go very far to look up m and so that's all possible because that's going to add only a constant factor because m is fixed in size doesn't depend on you know you know for large inputs to m m is fixed but the tricky thing here is the counter to make sure we're not using too much time um [Music] the counter has size log f of n because that's how big it has to count up to so you should you can shut it down if it's going to exceed the f of n steps um and because you know you have to run for a certain amount of time and carrying the keeping the counter nearby has the counter now could be pretty big and so that's going to cost you a log factor of um of simulation cost to move that counter around all the time and so that's why you have to run for only a log factor less so that you can actually finish within f of n time as you're as you're required to do okay i realize that that's a mouthful there and you may not have all understood that it doesn't matter it's not that critical i think what i'm really more concerned is you understand the the main idea of the um the hierarchy theorem some of these implementation details you know you if you don't get them i wouldn't worry about it i i feel i have to include them for completeness sake and to be honest with you about the proof but if you didn't follow everything that's okay i do want to understand the main idea though of the algorithm making sure that what it's doing is different from what every machine is doing if that machine runs in little o of f of n space or or a small amount of time you know little o of f n over log f of n time okay so and i think we're gonna uh we're gonna end here so come pretty much out of time uh i'm gonna stick around for a little bit um in case there's any questions here oh wait there's one let's check in though um let's let's look at this this is kind of an interesting sort of follow-on to the hierarchy theorem um if you look at the two questions does l equal p and does p equal p space these are both unsolved problems does the what if anything does the hierarchy theorem tell us about those questions and it's kind of interesting that there actually does well i'll leave it to you to uh tell me if you can see what what it might actually be telling you closing get your answer in okay one two three i feel like i'm running an auction house here i should have a gavel okay yes in fact we know that you know these are separated so it's not even though we don't know if l equals p or p equals p space they can't both be equal because then um l would equal p space and we know that's false um so at least one of these has the answer no okay so with that let's wrap up today's lecture you know we prove these hierarchy theorems and why don't we just uh um i'm going to uh shut us down here but but before well we're over so you can feel free to go um but i'll stick around in case anybody's any questions for a few minutes anyway um and then uh we'll call it a day since we just showed space and is a proper subset of space n to the k for any k why can't we also say space n is a proper subset of p space yes space n is a proper subset of p space yeah so somebody just asked we just showed that space n is a proper subset of space n to the k does that also say that space n is a proper subset of p space definitely any um space n to the k is a proper subset of space n to the k plus one which is a subset of p space so any fixed polynomial is going to be a subset of p space because p space includes all the polynomials which of the two unsolved problems uh whoops do i think is more likely likely to be true well i think most i mean i would bet that both of these are not equal so both of these have answered no um uh it would be weird you know i mean you think l equals p that anything you can do in polynomial time you end with log space log space is incredibly weak and and p space is incredibly strong um i would be shocked if either of these were equal so we just the problem is that we don't have a method for proving um problems are are actually have high complexity of of any sort we don't know how to show things outside of l don't know how to show things outside of p except by using the hierarchy theorem diagonalization is the only method that we have for showing things or outside of classes and there's reason to believe that as we'll this will get to i think next lecture in fact there's kind of reasons to believe that the hierarchy theorem type argument which is diagonalization is not going to answer those kinds of questions um so we need a different method and diagonalization is all we got good question though if i didn't get to answer your question you have a question for me ask it again because it's got buried so it means we are very far from disproving p versus np is that right it could happen tomorrow you know how do you how do you how can you tell it doesn't you know it it seems clear that the present state of mathematics as of right now is you know we don't have a clue how to answer those kinds of questions and it's not obvious that we've even made any progress um but you know that's the nature of the game that's the nature of the beast you know somebody gets a good idea and all of a sudden lots of things uh can change and that can happen and then in any point maybe one of you guys when were these results first this is the the stuff okay the hierarchy theorem is old that goes back to the very when time when time classes were first defined i think is one of the first results to show the hierarchy and that's late 60s the nl equal coen l i think i mentioned was like mid 1980s much later i mean from your points of view it was a bit it was back in the cave cave age uh either way but uh yeah but but the the hierarchy team that that's actually pre predates uh my coming into the field but but the but the nl equal conel that was something that i was i personally experienced how surprised people were okay i think i'm gonna send you off all off on your way good good having you here and i have a good weekend everybody and um i will see you on tuesday bye you 2 00:00:25,910 --> 00:00:29,189 okay welcome everybody so we are um here today lecture number 21 uh coming into the home stretch of the course uh i'd say probably um this last quarter of the class of the course is a bit more technical uh perhaps so a little bit more abstract some of the theorems are going to be more difficult um so i'll i'll try to work through them slowly and answer your questions but uh um you know it's i think you can expect them to find the material a bit more challenging as we started uh um [Music] uh as we started um um you know with uh this theorem last time uh uh uh non-deterministic log space being closed under complement so nl equals colonel we kind of only got about part maybe a third of the way through that so i'm going to start over with that and spend kind of the first half of the lecture today talking about that and then we're going to talk about the hierarchy theorems which are very important um uh aspect of the complexity landscape basically they tell you that if you allow you know your favorite model let's say turing machines to have more resources then they can do more things um but we'll get to that in due course okay so let us uh go back to oops reminder to myself um go back to the immerman celeb cheney uh which is that nl is equal to co nl um so as i mentioned these are going to be the same slides as last time uh and i'll just try to walk through them slowly um i hope hope i hope you i hope you uh get it but if you don't you know uh ask me at the ta's questions so we're gonna first i mean the the the the i the thing we're gonna show is that the complement of path is solvable in non-deterministic log space we already know that path is solvable in nl that's easy to do you basically just start at the start node and you guess the sequence of nodes storing only the current node in your log space working memory on the on your in your logs based work tape you guess the sequence of nodes on the different branches of the non-determinism and if you ever get to the target node t then you can accept um but how can a non-deterministic log space machine know or accept the complement of path so it would have to accept when there's no path um and that uh is a lot harder but it's a big surprise to the complexity community that it is it is true um so as we uh discussed last time we're going to talk about computing functions with a non-deterministic machine and that turns out to be a convenient way of looking at this so we're going to have non-deterministic machines that have different branches of their non-determinism you know on some input and they're supposed to compute some function value you know remaining on the tape but because of the non-determinism you can't imagine that different branches might have different function outputs well that's not allowed all branches must either report the value of the function um that we're trying to compute or they can punt basically they can reject and say well you know uh i i you know it's a basically i i don't know so all branches can must either report the correct answer or they can say i don't know and some branch must at least one branch must report an answer must report the answer um for and that's what it means to be computing a function with a non-deterministic machine and we're going to show that certain functions can be computed with non-deterministic log space machines um in particular this path function which sort of incorporates both the positive and negative of the pair both when there is a path and when there is an is not a path into into the function because the function has to answer yes when there is a path from s to t and no when there is no path from s to t okay so if you could do this you're done because um you can make a non-deterministic you could make an nl machine so if you could compute the path function you could make an nl machine which would accept whenever the function says no um and the other cases you know and if the um machine that's computing the function uh rejects you can then you'll reject as well but you accept if the function says no and so therefore you're going to be making a an nl machine which does the complement of the path problem so it's uh you know if you can compute the path function that would be great so that's what we would like to be able to do so as i mentioned we're going to have two other values that that are going to be relevant to computing the path function which is what we're ultimately going to do and that's going to be the number of nodes that you can reach from the start uh from the the start node in your graph and the and then for r is is the collection of nodes and c is the number of reachable nodes um so shown on this picture and here i'm if it's helpful to you to see it in a more form is you can think of r as a function of the graph and the start node of course but sometimes we'll just call it r you know when it's clear which graph and start node we're talking about r is the set of reachable nodes so it's the collection u such that the answer is yes and c is the size of r okay so the way we're going to start is kind of an easy theorem though this is still going to be relevant kind of at the end um but for now it's really more a practice with the concept that we have come up you know this function concept that we've just introduced so i want to say that the path function with an nl machine then i can compute the count uh with an nl machine okay so understand what computing the path function means that you have your nl machine and um every branch has to either say i don't know which is reject or it has to have the answer which in it's going to be yes if there is a path and know if there is no path and if i can do be able to count the number of nodes that do have a path the number of notes for which the answer is yes and this i think if you're comfortable with the definition this is [Music] more or less obvious because what you would do is you would go through the nodes of g one by one and test uh using your path function uh what the answer is yes or no and every time it's a yes you add one to the count until you've gone through all of the nodes and then um you have your answer which is nodes that's c now if the machine that's trying to compute the path function on the non-determinism rejects that that's okay you'll computing c that branch will reject also but when you're um some branch has to get the right answer on the on uh you know for it has to get the right answer um and so then you get the you know you know what's happening with that node and so you then um can either increment the count or you move on to the next node i think i'm uh trying to say i'm not sure if i'm making any clear by kind of repeating myself but okay here so you're going to start out with the you're given the the graph and the start node we're trying to compute this value c which is the number rechargeable from the start node you start out with you you have a counter which you're going to set initially to zero and you go through every node of the graph and if uh the path function computation says yes you can reach you then you add one to the count it says no you cannot reach you then you just continue um and uh maybe i should add another line here if if the you know if the if the the thing that's computing uh rejects then you also reject um and then at the end you output um so what we're going to prove is the other direction if i give you the count then i can answer the question for each node whether it's reachable or not and this is the thing because what it's saying that is i can give you the count i'm done if we can get that count that's going to be enough um okay so maybe even before the check-in maybe we should just answer any questions because you know if if you're stuck here then you then you're doomed um so i think it's you it makes sense to try to understand what's going on at this at this um because i think the real the real guts of this proof is coming on the next slide um they're kind of the main idea so i'm happy to take if there's any questions about this i'll just wait for a second to see if you're typing away there well why don't we go to the check-in maybe that'll help um not a very difficult check-in um it'll come up okay just a little practice with the concept so i'm getting going to give you some graph it has nine nodes um and i want to know the value of the count um so we'll we'll assume that s the start node here is reachable from itself and now what's the value of c okay are we good gonna shut this down give you another two seconds please get your answer in okay uh ready set end yeah the right answer is in fact uh e which is six there are six reachable nodes in this graph and that's what the value c is supposed to tell you is how many nodes can i get to from s okay and what i'm saying is that if i can calculate that in this sort of non-deterministic function sense so if it's so some branches can get that answer um then i can use that to test for each node whether it's reachable or not which is kind of a little bit of a miracle right that's kind of surprising just knowing how many nodes are reachable will allow me to test whether each individual node is reachable um because that's there's no obvious reason why that would be so there's uh going to be a procedure for doing that which is on the next slide and here it is um okay so this is the key idea that we're going to repeat um uh later but so it's good to understand um this is this is the slide you really need to understand uh okay so i'm given the graph let's assume the graph has m nodes um now as i said okay so let's just say what what are we doing here given that count we can compute path so we'll get the answer for every node in the graph if i just know how many you know so i'll know i can get the answer for which whether a node is reachable or not if i just have if i just know how many reachable nodes there are um so what i'm going to do is get get that count of how many are reachable now i'm going to go through um i'm going to because let's see what's the idea here uh before we even jump into the algorithm the idea is let's say i know how many nodes are reachable like 100 nodes are reachable now what i'm going to do what the algorithm is going to do is find all hundred reachable nodes it's got one by one but it doesn't matter sort of conceptually it's going to find all reachable all reachable nodes and non-deterministically guessing them so it's not sure in advance which ones they are but it's going to guess basically a hundred no it's going to guess some of the nodes as being reachable confirm that the ones that guest are reachable are reachable and then check to see that that number equals 100. on some branch of the non-determinism you will guess right and you'll end up with exactly the right set of 100 reachable nodes and then you'll see is t one of those reachable ones um in which case you say yes or is t not one what is not one of those hundred nodes and then um you know the answer is no because if you've guessed a hundred nodes and you know they're all reachable and you know there are exactly 100 reachable nodes then every other node is not reachable so that's kind of that's the spirit of this and that's i'm just going to write that down here on in the algorithm can you guys hear me still somebody said my audio is like blipping out i am getting a sign or two of unstable internet so you know uh if if you need me to repeat anything just just send me a note good thank you okay um all right so well uh oh maybe i should speak slowly if it's not coming through too well okay um so so what we're going to do is go through eat all the nodes of the graph one by one and guess whether it's a reachable node or not a reachable node if we guess it is reachable i'm going to also guess the path which shows that it's reachable and then i'm gonna and i'm gonna keep a count of how many reachable nodes i found if that count agrees with the value c um i started with then i know i found them all and if t is not one of them then i know t is not reachable that's the idea okay so here's my this is going to be a count of the number of nodes that i have found which are reachable um that's k now here i'm going i'm going to non-deterministically choose is it a reachable node or not i've just called it two branches of the algorithm the p branch or the n branch p means there's a path and n means there's no path so if i guessed p at this point for this node u so i'm going through each of the nodes one by one each and u is the current node if i've guessed that it's it is it does have a path from s then i'm going to uh guess that path to make sure that it really is a reachable note um if i fail to find a path then this is one of the branches of the non-determinism that is going to fail it's going to punt it's going to say i don't know under this branch um because either you guessed wrong and this node was not reachable or if it was reachable you guessed you you failed to find a path which shows you that it's reachable there was some path but you didn't guess the right one um either way you made a bad choice you're gonna you're just gonna punt now if you have determined that t is uh um that node that you've just shown is reachable because at this stage you did not fail so you succeeded in showing a path to um then um uh and u equals t then you know t is reachable that so there is a path from s to t and you're finished that you know you've got the answer you're looking for and so now you can say yes otherwise if t is some if you is some other node then you can just increase your count of the number of reachable nodes that you found okay so you've found a reachable node if it's t you're great you're done if it's not you just include that as your in your account of reachable nodes um now if you've guessed that the node is not reachable okay then you just proceed you know you you're not gonna you're just gonna move on to the next note because you're looking for a collection of reachable notes um okay uh i'm getting some questions here but let me let me wait till the end here um now after i finished going through all of the nodes so i'm finished with this uh um this loop here of going through all the nodes um now i see did i find c reachable nodes because k is the count of the nodes that i've found to be reachable if that agrees with c then i know i found them all if it differs from c then something has gone wrong because i am told there are c reachable nodes and i did not find c reachable nodes so i made some bad guess along the way i guess some node which really is reachable i guess it was not reachable so i didn't find them all i'm gonna punt um but if i found them all and so and and i didn't end up accepting it it didn't say yes at this stage so t was not one of the ones i found a reachable then i then i uh i'm convinced that t is not one of those that are reachable that was not one of those c nodes that i found which are reachable and now i can say no okay so let me let me take questions here uh because i think we're yeah that's the end of this slide this is this is the kind of an important uh piece to understand we can spend a couple of minutes trying to work through this uh so somebody's asking how does non-deterministically pick a path fail it if you fail um what i mean is pick a path from s to u so you have to go from s to whatever your current node u is so you're going to pick some path to u you guessed u is reachable now you have to demonstrate it's reachable by picking a path from s to you if you don't end up at u um and the pair you don't want to go forever on any branch so you're going to limit it to m steps your path has to be of length m at most so after m steps if you have not reached you by that point you've picked a bad path and you're going to reject um okay uh okay so what's the difference between know and reject that's a good question um reject in this case is an i don't know the algorithm uh could not make a determination based on the guesses that it's made in this non-deterministic branch of the algorithm it made bad choices which doesn't allow it to reach a conclusion one way or the other okay remember this algorithm here is computing a function now it's not a now it cannot deterministic algorithm in the language recognition sense this is a function computer and so it has to get the answer to the path function which is a yes or no or i don't know on some branches or some branches that's allowed to do that too so no and reject are totally different um okay okay this is the same thing we talked about last time why do we need two branches for p and n um if we're only going to have proposal just to have the p branch well but some nodes are not reachable if you're gonna look for if you're gonna you know if you have a an unreachable node so it's not an r you can't get to that node from s you have to skip over that note because you're trying to find a subset of the reachable nodes so you're trying to pick that subset here um one note at a time so if you're only going to allow things you're going to require everything in this subset there are going to be some nodes which are not reachable and you're not going to find a path because they're not reachable and you're going to end up projecting all the time you know on that node so you're going to be this the algorithm will will it will not will not work um okay so i'm not sure i understand this question here but somebody says if t is reachable we output yes on that branch but don't we also output no on some other branch let's that's that's a good cool let's see what happens if it's if t is actually reachable um how can we up so if t is reachable there's some branch that's going to output yes we all agree with that at least if you're following we agree but how could some other branch output no if t actually is reachable because that's a great question um and no that's not going to happen uh if t is actually reachable how could a branch output no um [Music] that must mean that it does not guess t as one of the reachable nodes because it's going through all of the nodes here um you know it's going to all the nodes and it's picking them as reachable or not if it pick t is one of the reachable ones then it's going to output yes because it will find you know it'll either output yes or if it doesn't find the right doesn't guess the right path it'll end up rejecting on that uh on that path but some path will will end up saying yes so if t is reachable and uh if you guess if you know t is reachable and you guess t you know you guess u is reachable one at the point when u equals t you will end up outputting s the only way you could not not output yes is if you guess that node is unreachable but then your count is not going to add up right because you you wouldn't you did not find all the reachable nodes if t is one of the reachable nodes and you know there are 100 reachable nodes and you skipped over t as one of the ones that you say is unreachable you at best can only find 99 reachable nodes and and you're not going to end up saying no you're going to end up projecting so it's a very good question but you have to think through what's going to happen here that's this c here is kind of a check it's almost like you know um uh well in it's like a checksum if you know what it is it's so it makes sure that everything that you if you got to see if you got the if if k equals c at this point that means you actually found all the reachable nodes so c is kind of a check that you found all the reachable nodes um right so if k equals c at this point you have found every reachable node and if t was one of the ones that are reachable you found t uh okay let's see um is the reason we do this with c essentially so that we know and we can stop guessing and correctly identify if it's impossible to reach t well it's not a matter of it it's not a matter of stopping guessing it's it's it's a it's a check that we found everything because we're going to go through and do all the guessing for every node no matter what so we're not going to stop anything early unless we find that t is reachable then then we can stop early but if to show that t is not reachable we have to go through the whole process um how can we intuitively see that we don't have contradictory branches that's sort of i was trying to say that just now i don't know i i hope that got through you can't have contradictory branches because if you got to this stage here you have found all the reachable nodes so you've at this stage if you got to six you have made all correct guesses you have found all the reachable nodes you have convinced yourself that they're all reachable um by guessing the pairs to them and you've checked that you have the right number of reachable nodes because it equals c so you must have found them all so you cannot have a contradictory answer because either t was one of the ones you found in which case you would have already said yes or otherwise you found them all and t was not one of them and so you're going to say no you can't have both both things cannot happen okay let's move on so the next thing we're going to do is the next slide is exactly the same as this slide except instead of saying is um is t reachable i want to know is it reachable within d but within distance d okay so um which is going to mean exactly the same procedure can i get uh instead of asking can i get um um uh from s to t with a path of any length of course it's going to be most length m now i want to know can i get to it from s to t by a path of most length d these are number of edges in the path say um and uh that's the same procedure because instead of i'm just going to cut things off at a d but if i if i if i know in advance how many nodes are reachable within d um i'm going to find all the nodes that are reachable within d and c was t one of the ones reachable within d it's the same exact idea so here here is the next slide which kind of shows that uh so here here's the definitions path sub d means reachable by a path of length of most d okay so um r sub d is all of the ones that are reachable by a path of that length and c sub d is the count it's a number that are reachable uh within d um so if you understood the last slide hopefully this slide will seem kind of obvious to you i'm gonna just highlight all the changes so if i can now calculate c sub d which is the number reachable by a path at most of length d then i can test whether or not nodes are reachable by a path without length first i calculate c sub d i go i pick every node as being reachable within d or not now i just have to check that my path that i'm guessing has a length of most d instead of length at most m which is what i had before keep a count of the ones that i found if that count equals c sub d then i know i found them all if it's not equal to c sub d then uh i've made some bad choice along the way and i can just punt and say i don't know um and if t was not one of the ones that i've shown to be reachable within d then i know it's not reachable within d and so um uh i can say no okay so i don't know if this merits any additional questions um but this is really the same it's just a repeat of the previous slide what's kind of amazing is now the last slide is going to be again a repeat uh let me just let me just force out of where we're going but feel free to ask a question on this or on the first slide if you didn't on the previous slide if you didn't get that um also we can try to help you out with that um the next slide what i'm going to do is show how to compute all these c values and i should mention um the value c which is the total number reachable is going to be the same as c sub m reachable with an m the number of nodes of the graph so if i can get up to c sub m i'm done um and what i'm gonna show you is that uh knowing c sub i i can compute c sub i plus one or c sub d i can compute c sub d plus one since i'm using d as my index here basically so c sub zero we know is just s well r you know it's just one because you can read just start with s that's the only thing reachable with zero and then once i know that i can fi figure out c sub 1 c sub 2 c sub 3 and so on and then i get the c sub n and then i have the count of the total number reachable and then i can test the path function um okay so the trick now is being able to count uh given c sub d i would like to figure out what is c sub d plus one now how am i going to do that what i'm going to do is that's my goal what i'm going to do is something in between i'm going to do a theorem just like this but instead of given c sub d instead of computing paths of d i'm going to compute paths of d plus 1. so knowing how many are reachable from d i'm going to give a test for whether things are reachable within d plus one and the fact is that's easy because this thing already tells me how to compute whether i'm reachable within d and being able to be reachable from within d plus one means i have an edge from something that's reachable within d so if i can figure out which are reachable within d well and i just want to say do i have an edge you know uh do i have an edge from from one of the nodes that are reachable within d then i'm reachable within d plus one then if i can test whether individual nodes are reachable within d plus one i can count how many nodes are reachable within d plus one that was that very first easy theorem that i showed so i know there's a lot of pieces here that you have to put together but in the end each p each individual piece is not that bad um okay i don't know how many of you have followed me oh no this is not supposed to be here uh there we go so here is the last part which again is just a simple modification of what what the previous slide had so i'm going to show how to compute the path d plus 1 function so testing if there's a path of length d plus 1 from s to some node t but only knowing how many nodes are reachable within d so i'm going to find all nodes that are reachable within d just like i did before but see if any one of those nodes has an edge to t not necessarily that one is equal to t because that says that t is reachable within d but i want to know does it have an edge to t that means t is reachable within d plus one so if i find all the nodes that are reachable within d and t turns out to be reachable from one of those with it by an edge then t is reachable within d uh d plus one and if d is not reachable from any of those nodes with an edge then t is not reachable when d plus one i hope you're following me i'm not sure you are uh so anyway that's the that's the algorithm here and uh uh the corollary is that you can compute c sub d plus one from c sub d because if you can count the path you if you can test for each node if it's reachable as i mentioned before you go through all the nodes see whether the reachable and d plus d plus one and then count them up now i have c sub d plus one and now i'm done because uh uh i'm gonna compute each d plus one from the from the value d that i previously computed i'm going to do that from for all these should say zero here actually um and except uh if the path says if this if the path function now says there's no that the answer is no because i'm trying to do you know the complement of the path language and reject of the path uh thing for m says yes and that's my non-deterministic algorithm for the path complement uh problem anyway maybe you need to look at a little bit offline um it's presented in a little bit different way in the book uh i don't know if that will be more or less clear to you but i kind of i think this has been a little bit more unpacked for the purposes of the lecture um so let's just see do we i'm not getting any questions which probably means uh uh i've lost a huge chunk of you um but uh the good news is we're gonna move on to a different topic so um but feel free to ask a question on this if you want or we're going to shift gears now to talking about the hierarchy theorems which is going to be the second half of the lecture also not so easy i have to say probably a little less technical than this one is but it's also this are going to be um spending time on just mainly just one theorem but anyway so looking ahead to what where we're going and then we'll have a break um we uh well what we've shown so far these are the major complexity classes i'm not not including let's say the the complementary classes the co-np uh type classes um these are the major complex classes we've seen so far and as we've seen they form a hierarchy of containments some of those containments trivial and some slightly less trivial but we have not shown whether any of these classes are different you know we've pointed out that there are some unsolved problems here but do we know any of these classes differ from each other or could it all collapse down to l and the answer to that is we do know that p space and l are actually different that we can prove and it's a um it relies on the theorem that says if you give a turing machine more space then you can do more things so because p space is much is a bigger bound than log space we know we can do more things in fact because n l is contained within log squared space deterministically and p space is bigger than that we actually can separate p space and nm so we're going to prove that today um so the basically the idea of the theorem says that if you give a turing machine a bit more time or a bit more space then it can do more though you have there are some conditions on that that we have to uh we'll get into one of the conclusions that we'll show is that um time n squared if you compare with time it's you know the time com the things you can do in n squared time uh versus the things you can do in cube time there are more things you can do in n-cube time then you can what you can do with n-square time i mean that's what you would expect um but it's not the case that everything we expect in uh complexity theory we can prove this is one of the things we can prove so as you add more time you can do more things so this is a proper subset here so there's there are some things in time n cubed that are not in time n squared and ditto for space okay um so that's going to be that brings us to our coffee break and so feel free to shoot me any questions about what we've done so far or anything else and otherwise we will um launch our timer and i'll see you in five minutes okay so i get getting some good questions here could we also make a solution this is getting back to that um um uh um the logs the nl equals coin l somebody's saying could we just um make another selection just by non-deterministically choosing c vertices and then not and then checking that they're all reachable that's effectively what we're doing but be careful that we because we cannot store c vertices so that's why we're doing them one at a time we can't guess all c vertices up front because where you're going to store all that we only have log space okay another so maybe somebody's asking how much working space do we need for storing the intermediate steps i'm not sure what intermediate steps you mean but if it's all the ci values you know see going from c0 to c1 to c2 to c3 we don't store those we all you need you need c sub d to calculate c sub d plus one and then you forget c sub d you couldn't store all the c values but you don't need them all you only need the most recent one to go to the next one okay somebody's asking can i go over why the complement of path in nl implies nl equal coin l because the complement of path is uh essentially it's co n l complete i mean l it is um so everything in nl is reducible to path the everything in cohen l is reducible to the complement of path by the same reduction um and so if you can do the complement of path in any uh class you can do all of the complements of nl languages in any class and so you can do the complement of path in nl you can do all the connell problems in out in nl and so then nl equals comma now you have to you have to just think through the logic of it this is not that that part is not hard um why it's enough to solve the path complement problem in nl that does everything else because it's a good so the same completeness phenomenon that we've been seeing okay somebody's asking about the the two sat problem that we talked about last time um and is it um and you know i i pointed out that that's in nl the you know the the two side problem well the complement of the two set problem uh you know the unsatisfiable two set formulas that that's an nl language because you can basically look for a contradiction uh non-deterministically in log space um that's i think i probably won't be able to explain that in a minute but maybe we'll have our recitation instructors cover that in recitation um it's a nice proof not very hard but it's it's an it's a nice proof it's it's it's it's it's you know it's not it's something you have to do you have to think about you you have to argue but it's still it's not super hard um understanding the two sad problem and you know the complement of two set we showed is in nl and because nl equals coin l also the two sat problem itself without complementation is in nl and in fact is nl complete okay um i think we're going to have to move on uh i'll stick around after lecture in cases any questions that i can answer quickly at that point sorry if i couldn't get to your question just now all right continuing on here okay shifting gears the space hierarchy theorem so um so as i mentioned i think um uh maybe it's good to just go back to this slide here um we're going to do the time and space hierarchy theorems which show that if you can do a little bit more if you give a little bit more time or a little bit more space you can do more things we're going to do the space case first because that actually tends to be slightly for certain technical reasons slightly easier so uh space hierarchy theorem so here is the statement of the theorem and it says for any bound think of s is going to be some you know space bound and again f has to satisfy some technical condition in yellow remember that it's yellow because that's going to be relevant later um uh so there's going to be some technical condition um for no matter what function you you have whatever space bound you have as long as it satisfies this condition which is a mild condition but you need it uh whatever space bound you have um you can find a language a which requires exactly that much space so if f is like n cubed we're going to find a language a that requires n cubed space if it's n to the hundredth we can find the language that requires into the 100th space and cannot be done within 1999 space whatever it is you can find a language that requires exactly that much space and if you like it a little bit more formally so that means that it can be decided in that much space but it cannot be decided in less space okay framing it in a slightly different way in terms of our space classes um i'm going to define a notion which is you know kind of it's not it's not said this way in the book but maybe it's a helpful way to write it down it's space little o of f of n so those are all the things that you can do by a function that's little o of f of n in space so space little o of f n is properly contained within space f of n in other words there's something here which is not in there okay picture pictorially i'm going to exhibit some language some explicit language a which i can do in this much space but not in any less now you know you can sort of think of this as a little bit like the situation for context-free languages and regular languages where we exhibited a particular language that differentiated that was it context-free but not regular and we're going to kind of do the same thing now but the one key difference is that in the case of separating the context free and the regular we could give a nice language like 0 to the k1 to the k here the language is not going to be so nice to describe it's going to be the language that some turing machine we're going to give decides but you're not going to be able to get a nice simple understanding of a it's going to be whatever that turing machine does and so in that sense it's not a very natural language um that's easy to sort of get your mind around um so the i outline and really you don't have to worry about this but maybe it helps it's really going to be a kind of a diagonalization proof um the way this machine d um is going to operate so d is going to give you my language a um so d is going to be designed and i'm going to show you d on the next slide uh d is going to run within my target space bound f of n and here's the key here's the kicker d is going to be designed to make sure that its language cannot be done in less space and the way it does that is it makes sure that its language is different from any language that that is um decidable by a turing machine in in less space and it's going to be different in at least one place so any d is going to guarantee that its language cannot be done in little o of f of n space because it's going to be different from every language that's doable in little o of f of n space somewhere okay that's the point and then the language a is going to be the language of this uh turing machine d okay so it looks like a tall order the d has to make sure that each you know that that for every machine its language differs uh from that machine's language if that machine is running in little of f event space but it's basically going to be a diagonalization so for all of the different possible inputs to d that input is going to actually code up a machine uh on which we're going to make sure that we're different from that machine if it's a small space machine okay let's see so i can take a couple of questions here does f have to be computable so that's going to be one of the conditions um that we're going to have to guarantee where f satisfies the technical condition yeah it's going to end up being half it's going to be computable but that's not enough um good question though uh okay so let's let's let's move on from there okay now so here is now what's what my job is to give you this turing machine d so d these language is going to be my my language a which i can which requires f of n space cannot be done unless okay oops i need to i need the full slide here so i have to take myself out um [Music] all right uh now this is my goal i want to exhibit this language a which i can do in this much space but not in any less and so i'm going to give this machine d as i mentioned where a is d's language d runs in order f event space and that sort of that achieves this part and d it makes sure that its language cannot be done in any less space so that achieves this part so it's different from the language of any machine that runs in little o event f of n space okay um [Music] so uh this is how d is gonna work okay i'm gonna try to give you a little picture uh to help help see the to accompany the description uh so d gets its input w which is of length n the very first thing d does is it marks off f of n's space because it's only allowed to use we're only going to allow d to use f of n space because otherwise we're in danger of d not of a not being in in space f of n so d is going to guarantee that by making sure it's going to mark off f of n space and if it ever tries to use more than that it just rejects and but by virtue of that we're sure that these language is in space f of n because d is an f of n space turing machine and it's going to be the side okay so this part so far is not too hard okay now we're going to start getting into the meat here so if w um now what we want to think of w as a description of a machine that we're going to feed that's that's going to run on w so this is going to a little bit you know back to an earlier when we talked about diagonalization so don't get thrown off by this um we if we're going to think of w not only as the input to d but it's also going to be the description of a machine and if it turns out that w is doesn't describe anything it's just a jump w then we're not not interested we're gonna we're just gonna reject on that w we're only interested in the w's that do describe some machine m okay so if m if w uh describes some machine m then we're gonna run m on w and we're going to do the do the opposite of what uh what m does that's the whole idea we're just going to uh make sure that what we're doing is not the same as what emma's doing so at a high level the the basic idea for this is is not hard um so we're going to simulate m on w if m x rejects then we'll accept and if m accepts then we'll reject we're just going to do the opposite um and i think that is so we have to be careful when we do the simulation this is a little bit of a detail but you know this is a proof where you need to pay attention to some details um the cost of simulating m on d is only a constant factor um because if m uses a certain amount of space when d is simulating m you know m may have a larger tape alphabet than d does but these can then encode um m's tape by using several cells for each of m's cells but it's only going to be a constant factor and that's important here because um we have to make sure that you know if this was a big blow up um d would not be able to run m um i i think i'm sort of arguing the details without making sure we understand the fundamental concept um so let me back up the point is that d is doing something the opposite of m now uh d can't be different from every m because d itself is a turing machine of course but but the thing is is that d is only running within f of n tape cells so it has to be able to do that simulation of m within that amount of tape if m is using a lot of tape then d is going to use a lot of tape and it's just going to reject so this is only going to really come into play getting being able to simulate m if m is using a small amount of using a small amount of space so that d can do the simulation okay so let's just see maybe uh so they're going to be some issues here but before i get to that let's just see what uh what your questions are how can a turing machine know if w is encoding some other turing machine no that's simple you know what what is a coding of a turing machine it's just you know the standard we have a standard coding um it's just you know coding the rules of the machine so it has to have states transition function blah blah blah so it just has to be some you know whatever our encoding for the turing machine is we can always test whether a string is a legitimate encoding of a turing machine so that that shouldn't be bad um somebody says why do we reject if we use more than f n cells isn't it okay to use order f of n yes it could be but we have to cut it off somewhere you know it might be it's okay we could use two f of n we could use 10 f of n but we have to have some constant for d and let's just kind of simply constant one so d has to run within f of n cells um and that's going to guaran that's going to be good enough for us okay do we have to make sure that m runs a little of f of n so we can't really tell whether m is running in little o of f of n or we can tell us whether we can finish the simulation so that's actually going to be maybe you can just hold off on that question because there is a point that we have to follow up on in that which is um uh just because you know we may or may not be able to finish simulating m on this w doesn't necessarily tell us what the asymptotic behavior of m is but we'll have to look at that in a bit okay so somebody's saying what happens if m loops on w that's going to be one of our issues we have to deal with that's a good question there step two alone can use them more than f of n cells yeah step two alone can use more than f of n cells if it does we're just going to end up projecting okay so we're getting good questions here some of them we're going to which i'm going to address anyway so why don't we just move on um okay so here is sort of a question i think this is one of the questions that that related to one of the ones that got asked what happens if it runs in little of f of n space so we we remember what we're trying to do is be different from every small space you know little o of f of n space machine so what if m runs a little o of f of n space but has a big constant so what i mean by that concretely is suppose d is an n cubed space so suppose we're trying to get a in in cubed space but show what's not in n squared space d is going to run an n cubed and what and we have to make sure that any machine that's running in n squared space cannot do the same language um so we're going to be different from that but the problem is that uh in uh the machine m might be running in n squared space but with a huge constant so it might be running in a million n squared so that's still a machine that's running in a little o of n cubed and we have to be different from it but for the particular w we're working on we might not have enough space to run m because of the huge constant it that con the asymptotic behavior is only going to be relevant well for large w for smaller b we may not see that we may not have enough space to run m so um what are we going to do to fix that we're going to run that m on infinitely many different w so it's going to be infinitely many different w's that are all going to encode the same m and the way i'm going to do that is by uh thinking of w as representing m but having an unbounded number of trailing zeros after that so i'm going to strip off the very first thing i'm going to do with w is i'm going to strip off the trailing zeros up into the final one i'm going to remove those and then take the rest and as the description of the machine so now i'm going to have potentially w's that have an enormous number of zeros at the end big enough so that i can see the asymptotic behavior of m and that if m is really running in little o of f of n space i'll have enough space to run m to completion on w and so then i'll be able to be different from it okay um so i'm kind of showing that over here so here's a very large w i'm going to strip off the trailing zeros the rest of it is just going to be m and i'm going to run this m on the whole w the entire w without the zero stripped off so now m is going to be running on a very large input um big enough so that d uh d which has asymptotically more space than m does will have enough space to run empty completion um now another question that got asked what happens if m loops that's going to be a problem because d always has to hold and if it just blindly simulates m then d might be looping on m none of m is going to use a lot of space by the way because then d is going to catch it in step one but if m uses his loops on a small amount of space then uh d might end up looping as presently constructed so what i'm going to do is i'm going to put a counter which makes it stop if it runs for 2 to the f of n space so basically because that's how long d could possibly run without looping anyway m could be running without looping anyway and so we're going to run it for this amount of this number of steps and uh i'm going to reject if it hasn't yet halted as well as uh that because it has to be looping at that point anyway um and so it's not interesting for us it doesn't matter what we're going to do if it hasn't halted because m is not a decider and the last thing is how to compute f um so i'll try to address some questions here in in our remaining time uh how to compute f so to mark off f of n cells we also have to compute f i didn't think anybody any of you guys asked that question except maybe sort of the very beginning about f being a computable function certainly f is going to have to be computable but not only does it have to be computable it has to be computable within the space bound and that's just going to be a condition we're going to impose on f it's so called space constructable namely that you can compute it within its own space bound and all nice functions that we care about are going to be space constructable so it's not doesn't turn out to be an obstacle to applying uh the hierarchy theorem but it is a condition that we need it actually is not true without that condition um okay let's let's just oh this i have a check in here maybe we can take a couple of questions first some of you are anticipating my check-in actually which is good um so let me hold off on those sorry a bit confused about what is m can we say d as input m and simulate m on yeah so uh somebody's saying can we say that d has input m and simulates m on itself yes that's exactly what's happening the reason why we're doing that is because we have to cover all possible m's so as we get all possible inputs w they're going to range over all possible ends and so every possible m is going to get addressed to see if we can run it um within the space bound and be different from it d's job is to be different from each of those ends but it's not you know again there were some details here that got raised in these issues um but in a sense this is just kind of more technical i would focus on understanding what i originally wrote down because that's the main idea the rest of it is just kind of implementation details okay so why don't i can i give an example of a non-space constructable function yes log log log n space you cannot compute log log log n space within log log log n space and in fact it's known that there's nothing new between constant space which is just regular and log log log n space anything you can do in log log log n space is a regular language so the the hierarchy theorem doesn't doesn't won't apply there because well it applies but that's not a it doesn't well you know it's not it's not space constructible to find higher level um you know large um non-space constructable functions you can do it but they're you know you you they're not easy to describe okay let's do our check in here what happens when we run dion itself i got a couple of people asking me about that so that's a this is just a good lead into our check-in and this a little you really have to understand what's going on to see what does d do when if you feed in itself maybe with some trailing zeros because remember the algorithm strips off trailing zero so what is what does it do in that case um so here are my options there you can get to pick which ones which one you uh you think is the answer so i'll give you another 30 seconds on this because this requires a little bit of thinking if you want to invest in it all right i'm wrapping this up guys five seconds to go okay i'm gonna end it so get your participation points in a bunch of you have not uh said anything come on um i can see the count here and it's there's a three or four of you are not not answered well you're going to lose out closing all right so the right answer is in fact c it does reject let's just understand what happened is definitely we don't get a contradiction i mean this is an algorithm i just described it's going to do something um uh i'm assuming the people who picked e are having fun as i did when i came up with the check-in but um uh not a question answer a doesn't is not going to be good either because d has to be a decider so it can't loop on anything so the only sort of reasonable answers are accept or reject when you run d on itself uh what's it going to try to do it's going to the very first thing it's going to you know mark off f of n tape cells and then it's going to get its input which is itself tries to simulate itself on the same input that uh simulated d is also going to try to mark off f of n tape cells but um due to some simulation you know there's going to be some cost to doing the stimulation when the simulated d is going to try to mark off f of n tape cells it's going to blow the original d space bound and exceed the bound and so d is going to reject up right in step one when it tries to get an input of its of itself so that's um it's very clear what's gonna happen in this it's just gonna reject because of the for this reject this reject in particular and notice this would you know yeah you know okay let me not try to confuse it um okay so that's that's that's all i want to say about this um let's now move in our remaining seven minutes to the time hierarchy theorem which is very has the same proof um but some of the technical details are slightly different okay um so now if i give you a time bound again we you have gonna have a face with the same notion that you have to be able to compute f within f's amount of time so it has to be a time constructable i'm not gonna define that um so there's a language a which requires that much time um so it has to be decidable within that much time but there's a slight difference here and there's and this is an artifact of the proof of the theorem not because it's an absolute truth as far as we know uh it's not that it's not decidable little o of f n you actually you can only prove something slightly weaker when you have one tape turing machines that it's little decidable little o over there's there's a slight um uh gap in what you can prove so it's not only that you can't prove you it requires little o but little o of little of f of n over log f of n is uh what you can prove that the you get from this uh time hierarchy theorem but let's not get caught up on that for now um uh okay so the proof outline is the same outline as we had before um uh we're going to give a d that runs in order f of n time so it's ensures that the language is in that uh time complexity class time f of n and it makes sure it's different from every machine that runs faster by some significant love by a log factor faster okay and so um why don't i uh show how that goes um the proof is in some ways almost exactly the same um i'm going to give a d which runs this much time and it shows it's different from every m that runs in a lot less time here is the algorithm for d now it computes f n but it does something a little different with f of n remember in the space hierarchy theorem we marked off f of n space now this f event is going to be used for a different purpose it's going to be a clock and you have to shut m down if it runs for more than f of n steps not if it uses more than f of n space because we're only interested in m's that use significantly less than f of n time so we're going to run an m you know for f for some number of steps whatever m says we're going to do the opposite and only if we can actually finish that simulation we'll be be able to be sure that we're different from what m is doing um so this is the whole algorithm here we don't have to do any further modifications and where's that login factor coming from it's actually coming from a funny place um and and you know you have to get into the little bit of the guts of this when you're simulating m on w remember that m itself was described by w so you're going to have to write down a copy of m which is you know just as described by w and then so you're gonna and then you're gonna have the tape that am is working on which is starting out with w on it um and uh you have to be now you have to be a little careful how you manage that because if your description of m is just sitting at the beginning of the tape as you're simulating m every time you do one step and modifying the tape you don't want to have to go back to the beginning of the tape to look up the next step of m so you actually have to carry m along with you as you're doing the simulation and you can do that by expanding the tape alphabet of the tape so that you can effectively have two symbols on one cell one is going to be for describing m and the other one is going to be for just the for m's for the simulation tape and you'll be carrying m along with you uh wherever your head is so you don't have to go very far to look up m and so that's all possible because that's going to add only a constant factor because m is fixed in size doesn't depend on you know you know for large inputs to m m is fixed but the tricky thing here is the counter to make sure we're not using too much time um [Music] the counter has size log f of n because that's how big it has to count up to so you should you can shut it down if it's going to exceed the f of n steps um and because you know you have to run for a certain amount of time and carrying the keeping the counter nearby has the counter now could be pretty big and so that's going to cost you a log factor of um of simulation cost to move that counter around all the time and so that's why you have to run for only a log factor less so that you can actually finish within f of n time as you're as you're required to do okay i realize that that's a mouthful there and you may not have all understood that it doesn't matter it's not that critical i think what i'm really more concerned is you understand the the main idea of the um the hierarchy theorem some of these implementation details you know you if you don't get them i wouldn't worry about it i i feel i have to include them for completeness sake and to be honest with you about the proof but if you didn't follow everything that's okay i do want to understand the main idea though of the algorithm making sure that what it's doing is different from what every machine is doing if that machine runs in little o of f of n space or or a small amount of time you know little o of f n over log f of n time okay so and i think we're gonna uh we're gonna end here so come pretty much out of time uh i'm gonna stick around for a little bit um in case there's any questions here oh wait there's one let's check in though um let's let's look at this this is kind of an interesting sort of follow-on to the hierarchy theorem um if you look at the two questions does l equal p and does p equal p space these are both unsolved problems does the what if anything does the hierarchy theorem tell us about those questions and it's kind of interesting that there actually does well i'll leave it to you to uh tell me if you can see what what it might actually be telling you closing get your answer in okay one two three i feel like i'm running an auction house here i should have a gavel okay yes in fact we know that you know these are separated so it's not even though we don't know if l equals p or p equals p space they can't both be equal because then um l would equal p space and we know that's false um so at least one of these has the answer no okay so with that let's wrap up today's lecture you know we prove these hierarchy theorems and why don't we just uh um i'm going to uh shut us down here but but before well we're over so you can feel free to go um but i'll stick around in case anybody's any questions for a few minutes anyway um and then uh we'll call it a day since we just showed space and is a proper subset of space n to the k for any k why can't we also say space n is a proper subset of p space yes space n is a proper subset of p space yeah so somebody just asked we just showed that space n is a proper subset of space n to the k does that also say that space n is a proper subset of p space definitely any um space n to the k is a proper subset of space n to the k plus one which is a subset of p space so any fixed polynomial is going to be a subset of p space because p space includes all the polynomials which of the two unsolved problems uh whoops do i think is more likely likely to be true well i think most i mean i would bet that both of these are not equal so both of these have answered no um uh it would be weird you know i mean you think l equals p that anything you can do in polynomial time you end with log space log space is incredibly weak and and p space is incredibly strong um i would be shocked if either of these were equal so we just the problem is that we don't have a method for proving um problems are are actually have high complexity of of any sort we don't know how to show things outside of l don't know how to show things outside of p except by using the hierarchy theorem diagonalization is the only method that we have for showing things or outside of classes and there's reason to believe that as we'll this will get to i think next lecture in fact there's kind of reasons to believe that the hierarchy theorem type argument which is diagonalization is not going to answer those kinds of questions um so we need a different method and diagonalization is all we got good question though if i didn't get to answer your question you have a question for me ask it again because it's got buried so it means we are very far from disproving p versus np is that right it could happen tomorrow you know how do you how do you how can you tell it doesn't you know it it seems clear that the present state of mathematics as of right now is you know we don't have a clue how to answer those kinds of questions and it's not obvious that we've even made any progress um but you know that's the nature of the game that's the nature of the beast you know somebody gets a good idea and all of a sudden lots of things uh can change and that can happen and then in any point maybe one of you guys when were these results first this is the the stuff okay the hierarchy theorem is old that goes back to the very when time when time classes were first defined i think is one of the first results to show the hierarchy and that's late 60s the nl equal coen l i think i mentioned was like mid 1980s much later i mean from your points of view it was a bit it was back in the cave cave age uh either way but uh yeah but but the the hierarchy team that that's actually pre predates uh my coming into the field but but the but the nl equal conel that was something that i was i personally experienced how surprised people were okay i think i'm gonna send you off all off on your way good good having you here and i have a good weekend everybody and um i will see you on tuesday bye you 3 00:00:29,189 --> 00:00:32,229 4 00:00:32,229 --> 00:00:34,470 5 00:00:34,470 --> 00:00:36,709 6 00:00:36,709 --> 00:00:39,670 7 00:00:39,670 --> 00:00:41,510 8 00:00:41,510 --> 00:00:43,030 9 00:00:43,030 --> 00:00:44,069 10 00:00:44,069 --> 00:00:46,389 11 00:00:46,389 --> 00:00:48,069 12 00:00:48,069 --> 00:00:51,350 13 00:00:51,350 --> 00:00:51,360 14 00:00:51,360 --> 00:00:52,310 15 00:00:52,310 --> 00:00:54,389 16 00:00:54,389 --> 00:00:55,990 17 00:00:55,990 --> 00:00:59,510 18 00:00:59,510 --> 00:00:59,520 19 00:00:59,520 --> 00:00:59,940 20 00:00:59,940 --> 00:00:59,950 21 00:00:59,950 --> 00:01:02,069 22 00:01:02,069 --> 00:01:02,079 23 00:01:02,079 --> 00:01:03,349 24 00:01:03,349 --> 00:01:05,910 25 00:01:05,910 --> 00:01:05,920 26 00:01:05,920 --> 00:01:06,789 27 00:01:06,789 --> 00:01:08,789 28 00:01:08,789 --> 00:01:11,670 29 00:01:11,670 --> 00:01:11,680 30 00:01:11,680 --> 00:01:13,350 31 00:01:13,350 --> 00:01:13,360 32 00:01:13,360 --> 00:01:14,310 33 00:01:14,310 --> 00:01:16,390 34 00:01:16,390 --> 00:01:19,190 35 00:01:19,190 --> 00:01:21,670 36 00:01:21,670 --> 00:01:23,350 37 00:01:23,350 --> 00:01:25,830 38 00:01:25,830 --> 00:01:25,840 39 00:01:25,840 --> 00:01:26,789 40 00:01:26,789 --> 00:01:28,230 41 00:01:28,230 --> 00:01:30,230 42 00:01:30,230 --> 00:01:32,149 43 00:01:32,149 --> 00:01:33,670 44 00:01:33,670 --> 00:01:35,510 45 00:01:35,510 --> 00:01:38,390 46 00:01:38,390 --> 00:01:40,870 47 00:01:40,870 --> 00:01:43,429 48 00:01:43,429 --> 00:01:44,870 49 00:01:44,870 --> 00:01:48,389 50 00:01:48,389 --> 00:01:50,230 51 00:01:50,230 --> 00:01:52,950 52 00:01:52,950 --> 00:01:55,350 53 00:01:55,350 --> 00:01:55,360 54 00:01:55,360 --> 00:01:56,630 55 00:01:56,630 --> 00:01:57,670 56 00:01:57,670 --> 00:02:01,030 57 00:02:01,030 --> 00:02:01,040 58 00:02:01,040 --> 00:02:02,469 59 00:02:02,469 --> 00:02:05,510 60 00:02:05,510 --> 00:02:07,830 61 00:02:07,830 --> 00:02:10,389 62 00:02:10,389 --> 00:02:11,910 63 00:02:11,910 --> 00:02:11,920 64 00:02:11,920 --> 00:02:13,270 65 00:02:13,270 --> 00:02:13,280 66 00:02:13,280 --> 00:02:14,070 67 00:02:14,070 --> 00:02:15,670 68 00:02:15,670 --> 00:02:18,309 69 00:02:18,309 --> 00:02:20,830 70 00:02:20,830 --> 00:02:24,150 71 00:02:24,150 --> 00:02:27,350 72 00:02:27,350 --> 00:02:29,430 73 00:02:29,430 --> 00:02:31,509 74 00:02:31,509 --> 00:02:33,990 75 00:02:33,990 --> 00:02:36,550 76 00:02:36,550 --> 00:02:38,390 77 00:02:38,390 --> 00:02:41,190 78 00:02:41,190 --> 00:02:44,150 79 00:02:44,150 --> 00:02:47,110 80 00:02:47,110 --> 00:02:48,630 81 00:02:48,630 --> 00:02:50,550 82 00:02:50,550 --> 00:02:52,869 83 00:02:52,869 --> 00:02:54,710 84 00:02:54,710 --> 00:02:56,790 85 00:02:56,790 --> 00:02:58,790 86 00:02:58,790 --> 00:02:58,800 87 00:02:58,800 --> 00:03:00,710 88 00:03:00,710 --> 00:03:02,630 89 00:03:02,630 --> 00:03:03,830 90 00:03:03,830 --> 00:03:06,149 91 00:03:06,149 --> 00:03:09,509 92 00:03:09,509 --> 00:03:11,990 93 00:03:11,990 --> 00:03:13,750 94 00:03:13,750 --> 00:03:16,390 95 00:03:16,390 --> 00:03:17,990 96 00:03:17,990 --> 00:03:18,000 97 00:03:18,000 --> 00:03:19,430 98 00:03:19,430 --> 00:03:21,830 99 00:03:21,830 --> 00:03:23,190 100 00:03:23,190 --> 00:03:25,910 101 00:03:25,910 --> 00:03:28,070 102 00:03:28,070 --> 00:03:28,080 103 00:03:28,080 --> 00:03:28,949 104 00:03:28,949 --> 00:03:28,959 105 00:03:28,959 --> 00:03:31,190 106 00:03:31,190 --> 00:03:33,990 107 00:03:33,990 --> 00:03:35,430 108 00:03:35,430 --> 00:03:37,509 109 00:03:37,509 --> 00:03:39,830 110 00:03:39,830 --> 00:03:41,509 111 00:03:41,509 --> 00:03:41,519 112 00:03:41,519 --> 00:03:44,149 113 00:03:44,149 --> 00:03:45,830 114 00:03:45,830 --> 00:03:45,840 115 00:03:45,840 --> 00:03:46,869 116 00:03:46,869 --> 00:03:48,309 117 00:03:48,309 --> 00:03:50,630 118 00:03:50,630 --> 00:03:51,990 119 00:03:51,990 --> 00:03:53,429 120 00:03:53,429 --> 00:03:55,350 121 00:03:55,350 --> 00:03:57,030 122 00:03:57,030 --> 00:03:59,190 123 00:03:59,190 --> 00:04:01,190 124 00:04:01,190 --> 00:04:02,869 125 00:04:02,869 --> 00:04:06,070 126 00:04:06,070 --> 00:04:08,869 127 00:04:08,869 --> 00:04:10,789 128 00:04:10,789 --> 00:04:12,710 129 00:04:12,710 --> 00:04:15,190 130 00:04:15,190 --> 00:04:17,830 131 00:04:17,830 --> 00:04:20,390 132 00:04:20,390 --> 00:04:20,400 133 00:04:20,400 --> 00:04:21,830 134 00:04:21,830 --> 00:04:24,070 135 00:04:24,070 --> 00:04:25,909 136 00:04:25,909 --> 00:04:28,790 137 00:04:28,790 --> 00:04:31,189 138 00:04:31,189 --> 00:04:33,270 139 00:04:33,270 --> 00:04:36,070 140 00:04:36,070 --> 00:04:38,150 141 00:04:38,150 --> 00:04:40,710 142 00:04:40,710 --> 00:04:42,870 143 00:04:42,870 --> 00:04:44,390 144 00:04:44,390 --> 00:04:47,510 145 00:04:47,510 --> 00:04:47,520 146 00:04:47,520 --> 00:04:49,670 147 00:04:49,670 --> 00:04:52,790 148 00:04:52,790 --> 00:04:53,909 149 00:04:53,909 --> 00:04:55,510 150 00:04:55,510 --> 00:04:55,520 151 00:04:55,520 --> 00:04:56,469 152 00:04:56,469 --> 00:04:58,469 153 00:04:58,469 --> 00:05:00,790 154 00:05:00,790 --> 00:05:02,390 155 00:05:02,390 --> 00:05:04,710 156 00:05:04,710 --> 00:05:07,830 157 00:05:07,830 --> 00:05:10,550 158 00:05:10,550 --> 00:05:13,110 159 00:05:13,110 --> 00:05:16,790 160 00:05:16,790 --> 00:05:16,800 161 00:05:16,800 --> 00:05:17,990 162 00:05:17,990 --> 00:05:20,230 163 00:05:20,230 --> 00:05:23,189 164 00:05:23,189 --> 00:05:24,790 165 00:05:24,790 --> 00:05:27,029 166 00:05:27,029 --> 00:05:29,189 167 00:05:29,189 --> 00:05:32,070 168 00:05:32,070 --> 00:05:32,080 169 00:05:32,080 --> 00:05:33,350 170 00:05:33,350 --> 00:05:35,830 171 00:05:35,830 --> 00:05:37,270 172 00:05:37,270 --> 00:05:39,830 173 00:05:39,830 --> 00:05:39,840 174 00:05:39,840 --> 00:05:40,870 175 00:05:40,870 --> 00:05:43,029 176 00:05:43,029 --> 00:05:43,039 177 00:05:43,039 --> 00:05:43,990 178 00:05:43,990 --> 00:05:46,310 179 00:05:46,310 --> 00:05:47,590 180 00:05:47,590 --> 00:05:49,990 181 00:05:49,990 --> 00:05:52,390 182 00:05:52,390 --> 00:05:52,400 183 00:05:52,400 --> 00:05:53,270 184 00:05:53,270 --> 00:05:55,749 185 00:05:55,749 --> 00:05:58,150 186 00:05:58,150 --> 00:05:59,749 187 00:05:59,749 --> 00:06:01,350 188 00:06:01,350 --> 00:06:04,550 189 00:06:04,550 --> 00:06:06,629 190 00:06:06,629 --> 00:06:08,710 191 00:06:08,710 --> 00:06:10,950 192 00:06:10,950 --> 00:06:12,390 193 00:06:12,390 --> 00:06:13,430 194 00:06:13,430 --> 00:06:15,189 195 00:06:15,189 --> 00:06:18,230 196 00:06:18,230 --> 00:06:18,240 197 00:06:18,240 --> 00:06:20,070 198 00:06:20,070 --> 00:06:22,230 199 00:06:22,230 --> 00:06:24,710 200 00:06:24,710 --> 00:06:27,350 201 00:06:27,350 --> 00:06:31,029 202 00:06:31,029 --> 00:06:31,039 203 00:06:31,039 --> 00:06:31,909 204 00:06:31,909 --> 00:06:34,150 205 00:06:34,150 --> 00:06:34,160 206 00:06:34,160 --> 00:06:35,189 207 00:06:35,189 --> 00:06:37,590 208 00:06:37,590 --> 00:06:37,600 209 00:06:37,600 --> 00:06:38,390 210 00:06:38,390 --> 00:06:38,400 211 00:06:38,400 --> 00:06:39,909 212 00:06:39,909 --> 00:06:41,909 213 00:06:41,909 --> 00:06:44,150 214 00:06:44,150 --> 00:06:45,990 215 00:06:45,990 --> 00:06:48,070 216 00:06:48,070 --> 00:06:52,550 217 00:06:52,550 --> 00:06:55,270 218 00:06:55,270 --> 00:06:58,070 219 00:06:58,070 --> 00:06:59,589 220 00:06:59,589 --> 00:07:00,830 221 00:07:00,830 --> 00:07:02,790 222 00:07:02,790 --> 00:07:02,800 223 00:07:02,800 --> 00:07:03,670 224 00:07:03,670 --> 00:07:06,629 225 00:07:06,629 --> 00:07:06,639 226 00:07:06,639 --> 00:07:10,230 227 00:07:10,230 --> 00:07:10,240 228 00:07:10,240 --> 00:07:11,189 229 00:07:11,189 --> 00:07:13,830 230 00:07:13,830 --> 00:07:15,830 231 00:07:15,830 --> 00:07:15,840 232 00:07:15,840 --> 00:07:16,790 233 00:07:16,790 --> 00:07:18,309 234 00:07:18,309 --> 00:07:21,749 235 00:07:21,749 --> 00:07:24,870 236 00:07:24,870 --> 00:07:26,870 237 00:07:26,870 --> 00:07:28,870 238 00:07:28,870 --> 00:07:32,230 239 00:07:32,230 --> 00:07:33,830 240 00:07:33,830 --> 00:07:36,070 241 00:07:36,070 --> 00:07:38,309 242 00:07:38,309 --> 00:07:38,319 243 00:07:38,319 --> 00:07:39,110 244 00:07:39,110 --> 00:07:41,110 245 00:07:41,110 --> 00:07:43,270 246 00:07:43,270 --> 00:07:45,189 247 00:07:45,189 --> 00:07:47,430 248 00:07:47,430 --> 00:07:47,440 249 00:07:47,440 --> 00:07:48,629 250 00:07:48,629 --> 00:07:48,639 251 00:07:48,639 --> 00:07:50,230 252 00:07:50,230 --> 00:07:52,950 253 00:07:52,950 --> 00:07:55,749 254 00:07:55,749 --> 00:07:58,710 255 00:07:58,710 --> 00:08:00,070 256 00:08:00,070 --> 00:08:03,830 257 00:08:03,830 --> 00:08:05,350 258 00:08:05,350 --> 00:08:09,589 259 00:08:09,589 --> 00:08:11,350 260 00:08:11,350 --> 00:08:12,950 261 00:08:12,950 --> 00:08:17,189 262 00:08:17,189 --> 00:08:18,469 263 00:08:18,469 --> 00:08:19,830 264 00:08:19,830 --> 00:08:19,840 265 00:08:19,840 --> 00:08:21,189 266 00:08:21,189 --> 00:08:22,570 267 00:08:22,570 --> 00:08:22,580 268 00:08:22,580 --> 00:08:23,749 269 00:08:23,749 --> 00:08:25,670 270 00:08:25,670 --> 00:08:25,680 271 00:08:25,680 --> 00:08:26,550 272 00:08:26,550 --> 00:08:27,909 273 00:08:27,909 --> 00:08:30,309 274 00:08:30,309 --> 00:08:31,749 275 00:08:31,749 --> 00:08:33,670 276 00:08:33,670 --> 00:08:37,110 277 00:08:37,110 --> 00:08:39,750 278 00:08:39,750 --> 00:08:41,269 279 00:08:41,269 --> 00:08:43,589 280 00:08:43,589 --> 00:08:45,509 281 00:08:45,509 --> 00:08:47,190 282 00:08:47,190 --> 00:08:48,949 283 00:08:48,949 --> 00:08:50,949 284 00:08:50,949 --> 00:08:53,670 285 00:08:53,670 --> 00:08:55,750 286 00:08:55,750 --> 00:08:55,760 287 00:08:55,760 --> 00:08:56,870 288 00:08:56,870 --> 00:08:59,750 289 00:08:59,750 --> 00:09:01,990 290 00:09:01,990 --> 00:09:03,430 291 00:09:03,430 --> 00:09:06,949 292 00:09:06,949 --> 00:09:09,910 293 00:09:09,910 --> 00:09:13,190 294 00:09:13,190 --> 00:09:14,949 295 00:09:14,949 --> 00:09:14,959 296 00:09:14,959 --> 00:09:16,150 297 00:09:16,150 --> 00:09:19,430 298 00:09:19,430 --> 00:09:21,110 299 00:09:21,110 --> 00:09:22,870 300 00:09:22,870 --> 00:09:25,750 301 00:09:25,750 --> 00:09:27,670 302 00:09:27,670 --> 00:09:30,150 303 00:09:30,150 --> 00:09:30,160 304 00:09:30,160 --> 00:09:31,269 305 00:09:31,269 --> 00:09:32,630 306 00:09:32,630 --> 00:09:34,150 307 00:09:34,150 --> 00:09:36,630 308 00:09:36,630 --> 00:09:38,230 309 00:09:38,230 --> 00:09:39,350 310 00:09:39,350 --> 00:09:41,910 311 00:09:41,910 --> 00:09:43,670 312 00:09:43,670 --> 00:09:45,350 313 00:09:45,350 --> 00:09:46,790 314 00:09:46,790 --> 00:09:48,150 315 00:09:48,150 --> 00:09:49,269 316 00:09:49,269 --> 00:09:51,269 317 00:09:51,269 --> 00:09:53,350 318 00:09:53,350 --> 00:09:56,550 319 00:09:56,550 --> 00:09:59,670 320 00:09:59,670 --> 00:10:01,590 321 00:10:01,590 --> 00:10:03,590 322 00:10:03,590 --> 00:10:05,829 323 00:10:05,829 --> 00:10:05,839 324 00:10:05,839 --> 00:10:07,350 325 00:10:07,350 --> 00:10:08,870 326 00:10:08,870 --> 00:10:10,630 327 00:10:10,630 --> 00:10:11,990 328 00:10:11,990 --> 00:10:14,310 329 00:10:14,310 --> 00:10:14,320 330 00:10:14,320 --> 00:10:15,750 331 00:10:15,750 --> 00:10:19,190 332 00:10:19,190 --> 00:10:23,350 333 00:10:23,350 --> 00:10:23,360 334 00:10:23,360 --> 00:10:24,230 335 00:10:24,230 --> 00:10:25,910 336 00:10:25,910 --> 00:10:28,870 337 00:10:28,870 --> 00:10:30,550 338 00:10:30,550 --> 00:10:33,110 339 00:10:33,110 --> 00:10:35,590 340 00:10:35,590 --> 00:10:37,509 341 00:10:37,509 --> 00:10:40,630 342 00:10:40,630 --> 00:10:42,630 343 00:10:42,630 --> 00:10:45,990 344 00:10:45,990 --> 00:10:46,000 345 00:10:46,000 --> 00:10:47,110 346 00:10:47,110 --> 00:10:48,310 347 00:10:48,310 --> 00:10:49,990 348 00:10:49,990 --> 00:10:51,990 349 00:10:51,990 --> 00:10:53,990 350 00:10:53,990 --> 00:10:56,790 351 00:10:56,790 --> 00:10:59,590 352 00:10:59,590 --> 00:11:01,269 353 00:11:01,269 --> 00:11:03,190 354 00:11:03,190 --> 00:11:05,750 355 00:11:05,750 --> 00:11:07,990 356 00:11:07,990 --> 00:11:10,150 357 00:11:10,150 --> 00:11:12,710 358 00:11:12,710 --> 00:11:12,720 359 00:11:12,720 --> 00:11:13,829 360 00:11:13,829 --> 00:11:21,670 361 00:11:21,670 --> 00:11:23,110 362 00:11:23,110 --> 00:11:26,829 363 00:11:26,829 --> 00:11:28,949 364 00:11:28,949 --> 00:11:31,750 365 00:11:31,750 --> 00:11:34,150 366 00:11:34,150 --> 00:11:34,160 367 00:11:34,160 --> 00:11:38,230 368 00:11:38,230 --> 00:11:40,829 369 00:11:40,829 --> 00:11:43,350 370 00:11:43,350 --> 00:11:43,360 371 00:11:43,360 --> 00:11:44,389 372 00:11:44,389 --> 00:11:44,399 373 00:11:44,399 --> 00:11:45,829 374 00:11:45,829 --> 00:11:47,509 375 00:11:47,509 --> 00:11:49,190 376 00:11:49,190 --> 00:11:51,590 377 00:11:51,590 --> 00:11:51,600 378 00:11:51,600 --> 00:11:52,550 379 00:11:52,550 --> 00:11:52,560 380 00:11:52,560 --> 00:11:54,310 381 00:11:54,310 --> 00:11:57,190 382 00:11:57,190 --> 00:11:59,110 383 00:11:59,110 --> 00:11:59,120 384 00:11:59,120 --> 00:12:00,470 385 00:12:00,470 --> 00:12:06,069 386 00:12:06,069 --> 00:12:06,079 387 00:12:06,079 --> 00:12:07,590 388 00:12:07,590 --> 00:12:08,829 389 00:12:08,829 --> 00:12:11,190 390 00:12:11,190 --> 00:12:13,350 391 00:12:13,350 --> 00:12:15,350 392 00:12:15,350 --> 00:12:15,360 393 00:12:15,360 --> 00:12:16,389 394 00:12:16,389 --> 00:12:22,389 395 00:12:22,389 --> 00:12:24,389 396 00:12:24,389 --> 00:12:27,030 397 00:12:27,030 --> 00:12:29,509 398 00:12:29,509 --> 00:12:31,350 399 00:12:31,350 --> 00:12:34,069 400 00:12:34,069 --> 00:12:36,710 401 00:12:36,710 --> 00:12:39,430 402 00:12:39,430 --> 00:12:40,949 403 00:12:40,949 --> 00:12:42,870 404 00:12:42,870 --> 00:12:45,590 405 00:12:45,590 --> 00:12:45,600 406 00:12:45,600 --> 00:12:47,590 407 00:12:47,590 --> 00:12:50,710 408 00:12:50,710 --> 00:12:52,790 409 00:12:52,790 --> 00:12:54,389 410 00:12:54,389 --> 00:12:56,310 411 00:12:56,310 --> 00:12:57,990 412 00:12:57,990 --> 00:12:59,590 413 00:12:59,590 --> 00:13:01,509 414 00:13:01,509 --> 00:13:03,750 415 00:13:03,750 --> 00:13:06,230 416 00:13:06,230 --> 00:13:08,069 417 00:13:08,069 --> 00:13:10,230 418 00:13:10,230 --> 00:13:11,430 419 00:13:11,430 --> 00:13:13,350 420 00:13:13,350 --> 00:13:13,360 421 00:13:13,360 --> 00:13:15,910 422 00:13:15,910 --> 00:13:17,509 423 00:13:17,509 --> 00:13:18,829 424 00:13:18,829 --> 00:13:20,629 425 00:13:20,629 --> 00:13:21,910 426 00:13:21,910 --> 00:13:21,920 427 00:13:21,920 --> 00:13:23,110 428 00:13:23,110 --> 00:13:25,509 429 00:13:25,509 --> 00:13:27,030 430 00:13:27,030 --> 00:13:28,389 431 00:13:28,389 --> 00:13:28,399 432 00:13:28,399 --> 00:13:30,550 433 00:13:30,550 --> 00:13:32,389 434 00:13:32,389 --> 00:13:34,790 435 00:13:34,790 --> 00:13:34,800 436 00:13:34,800 --> 00:13:36,470 437 00:13:36,470 --> 00:13:38,550 438 00:13:38,550 --> 00:13:39,990 439 00:13:39,990 --> 00:13:41,110 440 00:13:41,110 --> 00:13:45,670 441 00:13:45,670 --> 00:13:48,230 442 00:13:48,230 --> 00:13:49,350 443 00:13:49,350 --> 00:13:50,790 444 00:13:50,790 --> 00:13:53,030 445 00:13:53,030 --> 00:13:54,470 446 00:13:54,470 --> 00:13:56,629 447 00:13:56,629 --> 00:13:58,870 448 00:13:58,870 --> 00:14:01,189 449 00:14:01,189 --> 00:14:04,150 450 00:14:04,150 --> 00:14:07,590 451 00:14:07,590 --> 00:14:09,110 452 00:14:09,110 --> 00:14:09,120 453 00:14:09,120 --> 00:14:10,230 454 00:14:10,230 --> 00:14:12,230 455 00:14:12,230 --> 00:14:14,470 456 00:14:14,470 --> 00:14:17,430 457 00:14:17,430 --> 00:14:21,670 458 00:14:21,670 --> 00:14:23,110 459 00:14:23,110 --> 00:14:26,230 460 00:14:26,230 --> 00:14:28,230 461 00:14:28,230 --> 00:14:30,949 462 00:14:30,949 --> 00:14:32,870 463 00:14:32,870 --> 00:14:34,710 464 00:14:34,710 --> 00:14:35,990 465 00:14:35,990 --> 00:14:38,230 466 00:14:38,230 --> 00:14:38,240 467 00:14:38,240 --> 00:14:40,470 468 00:14:40,470 --> 00:14:42,629 469 00:14:42,629 --> 00:14:44,069 470 00:14:44,069 --> 00:14:45,750 471 00:14:45,750 --> 00:14:47,750 472 00:14:47,750 --> 00:14:49,269 473 00:14:49,269 --> 00:14:49,279 474 00:14:49,279 --> 00:14:50,310 475 00:14:50,310 --> 00:14:51,910 476 00:14:51,910 --> 00:14:54,069 477 00:14:54,069 --> 00:14:57,509 478 00:14:57,509 --> 00:14:59,990 479 00:14:59,990 --> 00:15:02,230 480 00:15:02,230 --> 00:15:05,269 481 00:15:05,269 --> 00:15:07,990 482 00:15:07,990 --> 00:15:09,030 483 00:15:09,030 --> 00:15:11,670 484 00:15:11,670 --> 00:15:15,189 485 00:15:15,189 --> 00:15:17,430 486 00:15:17,430 --> 00:15:20,550 487 00:15:20,550 --> 00:15:22,310 488 00:15:22,310 --> 00:15:24,949 489 00:15:24,949 --> 00:15:26,470 490 00:15:26,470 --> 00:15:28,550 491 00:15:28,550 --> 00:15:32,230 492 00:15:32,230 --> 00:15:34,389 493 00:15:34,389 --> 00:15:35,910 494 00:15:35,910 --> 00:15:40,310 495 00:15:40,310 --> 00:15:42,629 496 00:15:42,629 --> 00:15:44,470 497 00:15:44,470 --> 00:15:44,480 498 00:15:44,480 --> 00:15:45,430 499 00:15:45,430 --> 00:15:48,310 500 00:15:48,310 --> 00:15:51,509 501 00:15:51,509 --> 00:15:53,269 502 00:15:53,269 --> 00:15:56,550 503 00:15:56,550 --> 00:16:00,949 504 00:16:00,949 --> 00:16:03,990 505 00:16:03,990 --> 00:16:05,990 506 00:16:05,990 --> 00:16:07,829 507 00:16:07,829 --> 00:16:07,839 508 00:16:07,839 --> 00:16:08,790 509 00:16:08,790 --> 00:16:08,800 510 00:16:08,800 --> 00:16:10,310 511 00:16:10,310 --> 00:16:10,320 512 00:16:10,320 --> 00:16:13,670 513 00:16:13,670 --> 00:16:15,829 514 00:16:15,829 --> 00:16:18,310 515 00:16:18,310 --> 00:16:18,320 516 00:16:18,320 --> 00:16:20,870 517 00:16:20,870 --> 00:16:23,110 518 00:16:23,110 --> 00:16:25,509 519 00:16:25,509 --> 00:16:27,590 520 00:16:27,590 --> 00:16:30,629 521 00:16:30,629 --> 00:16:34,310 522 00:16:34,310 --> 00:16:35,430 523 00:16:35,430 --> 00:16:37,269 524 00:16:37,269 --> 00:16:41,910 525 00:16:41,910 --> 00:16:45,749 526 00:16:45,749 --> 00:16:48,150 527 00:16:48,150 --> 00:16:51,749 528 00:16:51,749 --> 00:16:54,310 529 00:16:54,310 --> 00:16:57,509 530 00:16:57,509 --> 00:16:59,749 531 00:16:59,749 --> 00:17:01,509 532 00:17:01,509 --> 00:17:03,749 533 00:17:03,749 --> 00:17:06,230 534 00:17:06,230 --> 00:17:08,069 535 00:17:08,069 --> 00:17:10,230 536 00:17:10,230 --> 00:17:12,110 537 00:17:12,110 --> 00:17:13,990 538 00:17:13,990 --> 00:17:16,069 539 00:17:16,069 --> 00:17:17,429 540 00:17:17,429 --> 00:17:19,429 541 00:17:19,429 --> 00:17:21,510 542 00:17:21,510 --> 00:17:21,520 543 00:17:21,520 --> 00:17:22,549 544 00:17:22,549 --> 00:17:26,549 545 00:17:26,549 --> 00:17:29,590 546 00:17:29,590 --> 00:17:31,430 547 00:17:31,430 --> 00:17:33,350 548 00:17:33,350 --> 00:17:34,630 549 00:17:34,630 --> 00:17:36,789 550 00:17:36,789 --> 00:17:39,669 551 00:17:39,669 --> 00:17:41,029 552 00:17:41,029 --> 00:17:44,150 553 00:17:44,150 --> 00:17:46,710 554 00:17:46,710 --> 00:17:46,720 555 00:17:46,720 --> 00:17:52,150 556 00:17:52,150 --> 00:17:55,110 557 00:17:55,110 --> 00:17:56,310 558 00:17:56,310 --> 00:17:56,320 559 00:17:56,320 --> 00:17:57,909 560 00:17:57,909 --> 00:18:01,190 561 00:18:01,190 --> 00:18:02,549 562 00:18:02,549 --> 00:18:04,549 563 00:18:04,549 --> 00:18:06,549 564 00:18:06,549 --> 00:18:09,029 565 00:18:09,029 --> 00:18:09,039 566 00:18:09,039 --> 00:18:10,230 567 00:18:10,230 --> 00:18:12,950 568 00:18:12,950 --> 00:18:15,590 569 00:18:15,590 --> 00:18:17,590 570 00:18:17,590 --> 00:18:20,150 571 00:18:20,150 --> 00:18:23,029 572 00:18:23,029 --> 00:18:27,750 573 00:18:27,750 --> 00:18:27,760 574 00:18:27,760 --> 00:18:28,549 575 00:18:28,549 --> 00:18:32,789 576 00:18:32,789 --> 00:18:34,549 577 00:18:34,549 --> 00:18:36,710 578 00:18:36,710 --> 00:18:39,830 579 00:18:39,830 --> 00:18:41,750 580 00:18:41,750 --> 00:18:41,760 581 00:18:41,760 --> 00:18:44,390 582 00:18:44,390 --> 00:18:46,710 583 00:18:46,710 --> 00:18:46,720 584 00:18:46,720 --> 00:18:47,590 585 00:18:47,590 --> 00:18:49,990 586 00:18:49,990 --> 00:18:52,390 587 00:18:52,390 --> 00:18:55,669 588 00:18:55,669 --> 00:18:56,870 589 00:18:56,870 --> 00:18:58,789 590 00:18:58,789 --> 00:19:00,630 591 00:19:00,630 --> 00:19:02,630 592 00:19:02,630 --> 00:19:05,029 593 00:19:05,029 --> 00:19:06,549 594 00:19:06,549 --> 00:19:10,070 595 00:19:10,070 --> 00:19:12,390 596 00:19:12,390 --> 00:19:14,549 597 00:19:14,549 --> 00:19:16,549 598 00:19:16,549 --> 00:19:19,110 599 00:19:19,110 --> 00:19:20,710 600 00:19:20,710 --> 00:19:23,510 601 00:19:23,510 --> 00:19:25,029 602 00:19:25,029 --> 00:19:26,310 603 00:19:26,310 --> 00:19:27,590 604 00:19:27,590 --> 00:19:29,990 605 00:19:29,990 --> 00:19:32,789 606 00:19:32,789 --> 00:19:32,799 607 00:19:32,799 --> 00:19:37,350 608 00:19:37,350 --> 00:19:39,510 609 00:19:39,510 --> 00:19:41,669 610 00:19:41,669 --> 00:19:44,150 611 00:19:44,150 --> 00:19:45,909 612 00:19:45,909 --> 00:19:47,029 613 00:19:47,029 --> 00:19:50,470 614 00:19:50,470 --> 00:19:52,789 615 00:19:52,789 --> 00:19:52,799 616 00:19:52,799 --> 00:19:53,750 617 00:19:53,750 --> 00:19:57,909 618 00:19:57,909 --> 00:20:00,630 619 00:20:00,630 --> 00:20:02,870 620 00:20:02,870 --> 00:20:04,390 621 00:20:04,390 --> 00:20:06,950 622 00:20:06,950 --> 00:20:08,950 623 00:20:08,950 --> 00:20:10,710 624 00:20:10,710 --> 00:20:12,630 625 00:20:12,630 --> 00:20:14,789 626 00:20:14,789 --> 00:20:14,799 627 00:20:14,799 --> 00:20:15,830 628 00:20:15,830 --> 00:20:17,909 629 00:20:17,909 --> 00:20:19,350 630 00:20:19,350 --> 00:20:19,360 631 00:20:19,360 --> 00:20:20,470 632 00:20:20,470 --> 00:20:22,149 633 00:20:22,149 --> 00:20:23,270 634 00:20:23,270 --> 00:20:24,630 635 00:20:24,630 --> 00:20:28,149 636 00:20:28,149 --> 00:20:30,789 637 00:20:30,789 --> 00:20:33,029 638 00:20:33,029 --> 00:20:34,310 639 00:20:34,310 --> 00:20:36,549 640 00:20:36,549 --> 00:20:39,110 641 00:20:39,110 --> 00:20:40,950 642 00:20:40,950 --> 00:20:42,470 643 00:20:42,470 --> 00:20:45,669 644 00:20:45,669 --> 00:20:48,950 645 00:20:48,950 --> 00:20:51,750 646 00:20:51,750 --> 00:20:53,430 647 00:20:53,430 --> 00:20:55,750 648 00:20:55,750 --> 00:20:57,669 649 00:20:57,669 --> 00:20:57,679 650 00:20:57,679 --> 00:20:58,470 651 00:20:58,470 --> 00:21:00,149 652 00:21:00,149 --> 00:21:01,590 653 00:21:01,590 --> 00:21:03,669 654 00:21:03,669 --> 00:21:03,679 655 00:21:03,679 --> 00:21:06,549 656 00:21:06,549 --> 00:21:07,750 657 00:21:07,750 --> 00:21:10,149 658 00:21:10,149 --> 00:21:12,310 659 00:21:12,310 --> 00:21:12,320 660 00:21:12,320 --> 00:21:13,270 661 00:21:13,270 --> 00:21:16,470 662 00:21:16,470 --> 00:21:18,950 663 00:21:18,950 --> 00:21:21,430 664 00:21:21,430 --> 00:21:23,350 665 00:21:23,350 --> 00:21:24,549 666 00:21:24,549 --> 00:21:26,549 667 00:21:26,549 --> 00:21:28,310 668 00:21:28,310 --> 00:21:30,549 669 00:21:30,549 --> 00:21:31,990 670 00:21:31,990 --> 00:21:32,000 671 00:21:32,000 --> 00:21:32,950 672 00:21:32,950 --> 00:21:34,870 673 00:21:34,870 --> 00:21:36,630 674 00:21:36,630 --> 00:21:39,110 675 00:21:39,110 --> 00:21:41,270 676 00:21:41,270 --> 00:21:43,029 677 00:21:43,029 --> 00:21:45,909 678 00:21:45,909 --> 00:21:48,870 679 00:21:48,870 --> 00:21:53,029 680 00:21:53,029 --> 00:21:53,039 681 00:21:53,039 --> 00:21:55,990 682 00:21:55,990 --> 00:22:05,270 683 00:22:05,270 --> 00:22:07,190 684 00:22:07,190 --> 00:22:10,070 685 00:22:10,070 --> 00:22:10,080 686 00:22:10,080 --> 00:22:12,149 687 00:22:12,149 --> 00:22:15,590 688 00:22:15,590 --> 00:22:16,950 689 00:22:16,950 --> 00:22:19,430 690 00:22:19,430 --> 00:22:22,470 691 00:22:22,470 --> 00:22:24,230 692 00:22:24,230 --> 00:22:26,870 693 00:22:26,870 --> 00:22:29,350 694 00:22:29,350 --> 00:22:32,630 695 00:22:32,630 --> 00:22:32,640 696 00:22:32,640 --> 00:22:33,510 697 00:22:33,510 --> 00:22:35,110 698 00:22:35,110 --> 00:22:37,430 699 00:22:37,430 --> 00:22:39,270 700 00:22:39,270 --> 00:22:41,270 701 00:22:41,270 --> 00:22:44,149 702 00:22:44,149 --> 00:22:46,070 703 00:22:46,070 --> 00:22:49,669 704 00:22:49,669 --> 00:22:51,430 705 00:22:51,430 --> 00:22:53,590 706 00:22:53,590 --> 00:22:57,110 707 00:22:57,110 --> 00:22:57,120 708 00:22:57,120 --> 00:23:00,470 709 00:23:00,470 --> 00:23:00,480 710 00:23:00,480 --> 00:23:03,350 711 00:23:03,350 --> 00:23:04,710 712 00:23:04,710 --> 00:23:06,390 713 00:23:06,390 --> 00:23:09,029 714 00:23:09,029 --> 00:23:11,270 715 00:23:11,270 --> 00:23:13,590 716 00:23:13,590 --> 00:23:17,110 717 00:23:17,110 --> 00:23:18,789 718 00:23:18,789 --> 00:23:20,310 719 00:23:20,310 --> 00:23:23,350 720 00:23:23,350 --> 00:23:25,029 721 00:23:25,029 --> 00:23:27,510 722 00:23:27,510 --> 00:23:29,590 723 00:23:29,590 --> 00:23:31,350 724 00:23:31,350 --> 00:23:33,590 725 00:23:33,590 --> 00:23:35,029 726 00:23:35,029 --> 00:23:40,310 727 00:23:40,310 --> 00:23:42,070 728 00:23:42,070 --> 00:23:43,350 729 00:23:43,350 --> 00:23:44,870 730 00:23:44,870 --> 00:23:46,710 731 00:23:46,710 --> 00:23:47,830 732 00:23:47,830 --> 00:23:49,029 733 00:23:49,029 --> 00:23:51,029 734 00:23:51,029 --> 00:23:52,470 735 00:23:52,470 --> 00:23:54,950 736 00:23:54,950 --> 00:23:56,630 737 00:23:56,630 --> 00:23:56,640 738 00:23:56,640 --> 00:23:58,789 739 00:23:58,789 --> 00:24:00,870 740 00:24:00,870 --> 00:24:02,870 741 00:24:02,870 --> 00:24:05,750 742 00:24:05,750 --> 00:24:08,310 743 00:24:08,310 --> 00:24:11,430 744 00:24:11,430 --> 00:24:13,190 745 00:24:13,190 --> 00:24:14,549 746 00:24:14,549 --> 00:24:15,830 747 00:24:15,830 --> 00:24:19,430 748 00:24:19,430 --> 00:24:19,440 749 00:24:19,440 --> 00:24:20,230 750 00:24:20,230 --> 00:24:22,230 751 00:24:22,230 --> 00:24:24,070 752 00:24:24,070 --> 00:24:26,230 753 00:24:26,230 --> 00:24:29,590 754 00:24:29,590 --> 00:24:29,600 755 00:24:29,600 --> 00:24:30,310 756 00:24:30,310 --> 00:24:33,750 757 00:24:33,750 --> 00:24:37,909 758 00:24:37,909 --> 00:24:40,470 759 00:24:40,470 --> 00:24:44,830 760 00:24:44,830 --> 00:24:44,840 761 00:24:44,840 --> 00:24:46,630 762 00:24:46,630 --> 00:24:48,710 763 00:24:48,710 --> 00:24:50,630 764 00:24:50,630 --> 00:24:50,640 765 00:24:50,640 --> 00:24:51,000 766 00:24:51,000 --> 00:24:51,010 767 00:24:51,010 --> 00:24:52,470 768 00:24:52,470 --> 00:24:54,149 769 00:24:54,149 --> 00:24:56,230 770 00:24:56,230 --> 00:24:58,630 771 00:24:58,630 --> 00:25:00,950 772 00:25:00,950 --> 00:25:03,990 773 00:25:03,990 --> 00:25:05,669 774 00:25:05,669 --> 00:25:05,679 775 00:25:05,679 --> 00:25:08,070 776 00:25:08,070 --> 00:25:09,750 777 00:25:09,750 --> 00:25:12,310 778 00:25:12,310 --> 00:25:13,990 779 00:25:13,990 --> 00:25:16,470 780 00:25:16,470 --> 00:25:18,789 781 00:25:18,789 --> 00:25:21,190 782 00:25:21,190 --> 00:25:23,510 783 00:25:23,510 --> 00:25:25,909 784 00:25:25,909 --> 00:25:25,919 785 00:25:25,919 --> 00:25:26,950 786 00:25:26,950 --> 00:25:29,269 787 00:25:29,269 --> 00:25:31,430 788 00:25:31,430 --> 00:25:33,830 789 00:25:33,830 --> 00:25:35,750 790 00:25:35,750 --> 00:25:37,669 791 00:25:37,669 --> 00:25:39,510 792 00:25:39,510 --> 00:25:39,520 793 00:25:39,520 --> 00:25:40,549 794 00:25:40,549 --> 00:25:43,909 795 00:25:43,909 --> 00:25:43,919 796 00:25:43,919 --> 00:25:47,830 797 00:25:47,830 --> 00:25:49,430 798 00:25:49,430 --> 00:25:51,590 799 00:25:51,590 --> 00:25:53,430 800 00:25:53,430 --> 00:25:56,710 801 00:25:56,710 --> 00:25:58,230 802 00:25:58,230 --> 00:26:00,390 803 00:26:00,390 --> 00:26:02,470 804 00:26:02,470 --> 00:26:04,870 805 00:26:04,870 --> 00:26:07,190 806 00:26:07,190 --> 00:26:10,230 807 00:26:10,230 --> 00:26:11,350 808 00:26:11,350 --> 00:26:11,360 809 00:26:11,360 --> 00:26:14,390 810 00:26:14,390 --> 00:26:16,070 811 00:26:16,070 --> 00:26:17,029 812 00:26:17,029 --> 00:26:18,710 813 00:26:18,710 --> 00:26:21,830 814 00:26:21,830 --> 00:26:25,350 815 00:26:25,350 --> 00:26:25,360 816 00:26:25,360 --> 00:26:26,789 817 00:26:26,789 --> 00:26:28,630 818 00:26:28,630 --> 00:26:30,070 819 00:26:30,070 --> 00:26:32,310 820 00:26:32,310 --> 00:26:34,630 821 00:26:34,630 --> 00:26:36,149 822 00:26:36,149 --> 00:26:38,390 823 00:26:38,390 --> 00:26:40,070 824 00:26:40,070 --> 00:26:42,950 825 00:26:42,950 --> 00:26:45,830 826 00:26:45,830 --> 00:26:45,840 827 00:26:45,840 --> 00:26:49,190 828 00:26:49,190 --> 00:26:50,470 829 00:26:50,470 --> 00:26:52,789 830 00:26:52,789 --> 00:26:56,710 831 00:26:56,710 --> 00:26:58,149 832 00:26:58,149 --> 00:27:02,710 833 00:27:02,710 --> 00:27:02,720 834 00:27:02,720 --> 00:27:04,470 835 00:27:04,470 --> 00:27:06,630 836 00:27:06,630 --> 00:27:06,640 837 00:27:06,640 --> 00:27:08,870 838 00:27:08,870 --> 00:27:10,470 839 00:27:10,470 --> 00:27:11,909 840 00:27:11,909 --> 00:27:14,230 841 00:27:14,230 --> 00:27:15,990 842 00:27:15,990 --> 00:27:18,149 843 00:27:18,149 --> 00:27:20,549 844 00:27:20,549 --> 00:27:21,430 845 00:27:21,430 --> 00:27:23,990 846 00:27:23,990 --> 00:27:26,149 847 00:27:26,149 --> 00:27:28,870 848 00:27:28,870 --> 00:27:30,950 849 00:27:30,950 --> 00:27:32,870 850 00:27:32,870 --> 00:27:35,269 851 00:27:35,269 --> 00:27:38,149 852 00:27:38,149 --> 00:27:40,149 853 00:27:40,149 --> 00:27:42,230 854 00:27:42,230 --> 00:27:42,240 855 00:27:42,240 --> 00:27:46,549 856 00:27:46,549 --> 00:27:48,310 857 00:27:48,310 --> 00:27:49,909 858 00:27:49,909 --> 00:27:51,830 859 00:27:51,830 --> 00:27:54,710 860 00:27:54,710 --> 00:27:56,950 861 00:27:56,950 --> 00:27:59,430 862 00:27:59,430 --> 00:28:01,669 863 00:28:01,669 --> 00:28:04,070 864 00:28:04,070 --> 00:28:05,110 865 00:28:05,110 --> 00:28:09,990 866 00:28:09,990 --> 00:28:11,909 867 00:28:11,909 --> 00:28:13,590 868 00:28:13,590 --> 00:28:17,190 869 00:28:17,190 --> 00:28:19,909 870 00:28:19,909 --> 00:28:21,430 871 00:28:21,430 --> 00:28:24,310 872 00:28:24,310 --> 00:28:27,590 873 00:28:27,590 --> 00:28:28,950 874 00:28:28,950 --> 00:28:30,310 875 00:28:30,310 --> 00:28:31,510 876 00:28:31,510 --> 00:28:33,029 877 00:28:33,029 --> 00:28:36,149 878 00:28:36,149 --> 00:28:37,590 879 00:28:37,590 --> 00:28:39,590 880 00:28:39,590 --> 00:28:44,070 881 00:28:44,070 --> 00:28:45,590 882 00:28:45,590 --> 00:28:48,310 883 00:28:48,310 --> 00:28:50,310 884 00:28:50,310 --> 00:28:52,549 885 00:28:52,549 --> 00:28:54,230 886 00:28:54,230 --> 00:28:56,710 887 00:28:56,710 --> 00:29:04,870 888 00:29:04,870 --> 00:29:07,430 889 00:29:07,430 --> 00:29:08,950 890 00:29:08,950 --> 00:29:10,630 891 00:29:10,630 --> 00:29:10,640 892 00:29:10,640 --> 00:29:11,590 893 00:29:11,590 --> 00:29:13,669 894 00:29:13,669 --> 00:29:13,679 895 00:29:13,679 --> 00:29:15,990 896 00:29:15,990 --> 00:29:16,000 897 00:29:16,000 --> 00:29:18,389 898 00:29:18,389 --> 00:29:18,399 899 00:29:18,399 --> 00:29:19,430 900 00:29:19,430 --> 00:29:20,950 901 00:29:20,950 --> 00:29:22,630 902 00:29:22,630 --> 00:29:24,549 903 00:29:24,549 --> 00:29:26,470 904 00:29:26,470 --> 00:29:29,269 905 00:29:29,269 --> 00:29:30,710 906 00:29:30,710 --> 00:29:30,720 907 00:29:30,720 --> 00:29:31,510 908 00:29:31,510 --> 00:29:31,520 909 00:29:31,520 --> 00:29:32,950 910 00:29:32,950 --> 00:29:35,510 911 00:29:35,510 --> 00:29:37,590 912 00:29:37,590 --> 00:29:39,269 913 00:29:39,269 --> 00:29:40,630 914 00:29:40,630 --> 00:29:41,669 915 00:29:41,669 --> 00:29:44,070 916 00:29:44,070 --> 00:29:47,190 917 00:29:47,190 --> 00:29:47,200 918 00:29:47,200 --> 00:29:48,310 919 00:29:48,310 --> 00:29:49,669 920 00:29:49,669 --> 00:29:52,549 921 00:29:52,549 --> 00:29:54,950 922 00:29:54,950 --> 00:29:57,029 923 00:29:57,029 --> 00:29:59,190 924 00:29:59,190 --> 00:30:02,310 925 00:30:02,310 --> 00:30:05,190 926 00:30:05,190 --> 00:30:10,149 927 00:30:10,149 --> 00:30:12,549 928 00:30:12,549 --> 00:30:15,510 929 00:30:15,510 --> 00:30:15,520 930 00:30:15,520 --> 00:30:16,549 931 00:30:16,549 --> 00:30:19,350 932 00:30:19,350 --> 00:30:21,669 933 00:30:21,669 --> 00:30:25,830 934 00:30:25,830 --> 00:30:28,149 935 00:30:28,149 --> 00:30:30,549 936 00:30:30,549 --> 00:30:32,950 937 00:30:32,950 --> 00:30:34,950 938 00:30:34,950 --> 00:30:38,950 939 00:30:38,950 --> 00:30:41,269 940 00:30:41,269 --> 00:30:44,470 941 00:30:44,470 --> 00:30:47,190 942 00:30:47,190 --> 00:30:50,310 943 00:30:50,310 --> 00:30:52,950 944 00:30:52,950 --> 00:30:55,029 945 00:30:55,029 --> 00:30:57,269 946 00:30:57,269 --> 00:30:59,590 947 00:30:59,590 --> 00:31:02,310 948 00:31:02,310 --> 00:31:03,750 949 00:31:03,750 --> 00:31:06,870 950 00:31:06,870 --> 00:31:09,190 951 00:31:09,190 --> 00:31:10,630 952 00:31:10,630 --> 00:31:12,630 953 00:31:12,630 --> 00:31:14,870 954 00:31:14,870 --> 00:31:17,509 955 00:31:17,509 --> 00:31:19,110 956 00:31:19,110 --> 00:31:20,230 957 00:31:20,230 --> 00:31:20,240 958 00:31:20,240 --> 00:31:21,190 959 00:31:21,190 --> 00:31:23,269 960 00:31:23,269 --> 00:31:25,590 961 00:31:25,590 --> 00:31:28,230 962 00:31:28,230 --> 00:31:30,950 963 00:31:30,950 --> 00:31:35,590 964 00:31:35,590 --> 00:31:37,909 965 00:31:37,909 --> 00:31:40,149 966 00:31:40,149 --> 00:31:41,990 967 00:31:41,990 --> 00:31:43,909 968 00:31:43,909 --> 00:31:45,590 969 00:31:45,590 --> 00:31:46,789 970 00:31:46,789 --> 00:31:48,230 971 00:31:48,230 --> 00:31:48,240 972 00:31:48,240 --> 00:31:48,950 973 00:31:48,950 --> 00:31:50,710 974 00:31:50,710 --> 00:31:52,950 975 00:31:52,950 --> 00:31:54,710 976 00:31:54,710 --> 00:31:56,389 977 00:31:56,389 --> 00:31:57,990 978 00:31:57,990 --> 00:32:00,149 979 00:32:00,149 --> 00:32:01,590 980 00:32:01,590 --> 00:32:01,600 981 00:32:01,600 --> 00:32:04,149 982 00:32:04,149 --> 00:32:06,950 983 00:32:06,950 --> 00:32:08,470 984 00:32:08,470 --> 00:32:10,310 985 00:32:10,310 --> 00:32:12,710 986 00:32:12,710 --> 00:32:15,350 987 00:32:15,350 --> 00:32:17,430 988 00:32:17,430 --> 00:32:19,029 989 00:32:19,029 --> 00:32:19,990 990 00:32:19,990 --> 00:32:21,750 991 00:32:21,750 --> 00:32:23,909 992 00:32:23,909 --> 00:32:26,310 993 00:32:26,310 --> 00:32:26,320 994 00:32:26,320 --> 00:32:27,269 995 00:32:27,269 --> 00:32:31,110 996 00:32:31,110 --> 00:32:31,120 997 00:32:31,120 --> 00:32:33,110 998 00:32:33,110 --> 00:32:35,750 999 00:32:35,750 --> 00:32:38,149 1000 00:32:38,149 --> 00:32:40,070 1001 00:32:40,070 --> 00:32:41,669 1002 00:32:41,669 --> 00:32:41,679 1003 00:32:41,679 --> 00:32:43,909 1004 00:32:43,909 --> 00:32:47,430 1005 00:32:47,430 --> 00:32:49,029 1006 00:32:49,029 --> 00:32:50,230 1007 00:32:50,230 --> 00:32:51,430 1008 00:32:51,430 --> 00:32:53,350 1009 00:32:53,350 --> 00:32:56,950 1010 00:32:56,950 --> 00:32:59,669 1011 00:32:59,669 --> 00:33:02,470 1012 00:33:02,470 --> 00:33:04,549 1013 00:33:04,549 --> 00:33:06,230 1014 00:33:06,230 --> 00:33:10,549 1015 00:33:10,549 --> 00:33:10,559 1016 00:33:10,559 --> 00:33:13,269 1017 00:33:13,269 --> 00:33:15,750 1018 00:33:15,750 --> 00:33:15,760 1019 00:33:15,760 --> 00:33:17,909 1020 00:33:17,909 --> 00:33:17,919 1021 00:33:17,919 --> 00:33:18,710 1022 00:33:18,710 --> 00:33:21,029 1023 00:33:21,029 --> 00:33:25,990 1024 00:33:25,990 --> 00:33:27,269 1025 00:33:27,269 --> 00:33:28,389 1026 00:33:28,389 --> 00:33:29,990 1027 00:33:29,990 --> 00:33:30,000 1028 00:33:30,000 --> 00:33:30,630 1029 00:33:30,630 --> 00:33:32,630 1030 00:33:32,630 --> 00:33:34,950 1031 00:33:34,950 --> 00:33:36,389 1032 00:33:36,389 --> 00:33:39,110 1033 00:33:39,110 --> 00:33:41,110 1034 00:33:41,110 --> 00:33:42,789 1035 00:33:42,789 --> 00:33:42,799 1036 00:33:42,799 --> 00:33:43,669 1037 00:33:43,669 --> 00:33:43,679 1038 00:33:43,679 --> 00:33:45,350 1039 00:33:45,350 --> 00:33:47,669 1040 00:33:47,669 --> 00:33:49,669 1041 00:33:49,669 --> 00:33:52,789 1042 00:33:52,789 --> 00:33:55,190 1043 00:33:55,190 --> 00:33:57,190 1044 00:33:57,190 --> 00:33:59,269 1045 00:33:59,269 --> 00:33:59,279 1046 00:33:59,279 --> 00:34:00,789 1047 00:34:00,789 --> 00:34:02,710 1048 00:34:02,710 --> 00:34:05,269 1049 00:34:05,269 --> 00:34:08,629 1050 00:34:08,629 --> 00:34:09,909 1051 00:34:09,909 --> 00:34:11,589 1052 00:34:11,589 --> 00:34:13,190 1053 00:34:13,190 --> 00:34:13,200 1054 00:34:13,200 --> 00:34:13,990 1055 00:34:13,990 --> 00:34:15,109 1056 00:34:15,109 --> 00:34:15,119 1057 00:34:15,119 --> 00:34:16,950 1058 00:34:16,950 --> 00:34:18,869 1059 00:34:18,869 --> 00:34:21,349 1060 00:34:21,349 --> 00:34:25,430 1061 00:34:25,430 --> 00:34:27,589 1062 00:34:27,589 --> 00:34:29,750 1063 00:34:29,750 --> 00:34:30,950 1064 00:34:30,950 --> 00:34:32,629 1065 00:34:32,629 --> 00:34:34,389 1066 00:34:34,389 --> 00:34:36,230 1067 00:34:36,230 --> 00:34:38,149 1068 00:34:38,149 --> 00:34:40,069 1069 00:34:40,069 --> 00:34:42,230 1070 00:34:42,230 --> 00:34:43,190 1071 00:34:43,190 --> 00:34:43,200 1072 00:34:43,200 --> 00:34:45,750 1073 00:34:45,750 --> 00:34:47,190 1074 00:34:47,190 --> 00:34:49,109 1075 00:34:49,109 --> 00:34:51,030 1076 00:34:51,030 --> 00:34:53,349 1077 00:34:53,349 --> 00:34:55,190 1078 00:34:55,190 --> 00:34:56,389 1079 00:34:56,389 --> 00:34:58,069 1080 00:34:58,069 --> 00:34:59,829 1081 00:34:59,829 --> 00:34:59,839 1082 00:34:59,839 --> 00:35:00,550 1083 00:35:00,550 --> 00:35:02,950 1084 00:35:02,950 --> 00:35:06,310 1085 00:35:06,310 --> 00:35:09,190 1086 00:35:09,190 --> 00:35:11,430 1087 00:35:11,430 --> 00:35:13,190 1088 00:35:13,190 --> 00:35:17,670 1089 00:35:17,670 --> 00:35:19,670 1090 00:35:19,670 --> 00:35:22,230 1091 00:35:22,230 --> 00:35:24,550 1092 00:35:24,550 --> 00:35:27,589 1093 00:35:27,589 --> 00:35:28,790 1094 00:35:28,790 --> 00:35:31,030 1095 00:35:31,030 --> 00:35:33,030 1096 00:35:33,030 --> 00:35:35,430 1097 00:35:35,430 --> 00:35:37,829 1098 00:35:37,829 --> 00:35:39,990 1099 00:35:39,990 --> 00:35:41,430 1100 00:35:41,430 --> 00:35:43,589 1101 00:35:43,589 --> 00:35:46,150 1102 00:35:46,150 --> 00:35:48,710 1103 00:35:48,710 --> 00:35:51,030 1104 00:35:51,030 --> 00:35:51,040 1105 00:35:51,040 --> 00:35:52,950 1106 00:35:52,950 --> 00:35:54,950 1107 00:35:54,950 --> 00:35:56,390 1108 00:35:56,390 --> 00:35:58,710 1109 00:35:58,710 --> 00:36:00,390 1110 00:36:00,390 --> 00:36:03,030 1111 00:36:03,030 --> 00:36:04,470 1112 00:36:04,470 --> 00:36:06,310 1113 00:36:06,310 --> 00:36:06,320 1114 00:36:06,320 --> 00:36:07,190 1115 00:36:07,190 --> 00:36:09,589 1116 00:36:09,589 --> 00:36:11,990 1117 00:36:11,990 --> 00:36:13,990 1118 00:36:13,990 --> 00:36:16,069 1119 00:36:16,069 --> 00:36:17,430 1120 00:36:17,430 --> 00:36:19,349 1121 00:36:19,349 --> 00:36:20,310 1122 00:36:20,310 --> 00:36:22,470 1123 00:36:22,470 --> 00:36:23,589 1124 00:36:23,589 --> 00:36:25,430 1125 00:36:25,430 --> 00:36:25,440 1126 00:36:25,440 --> 00:36:26,630 1127 00:36:26,630 --> 00:36:26,640 1128 00:36:26,640 --> 00:36:27,910 1129 00:36:27,910 --> 00:36:27,920 1130 00:36:27,920 --> 00:36:30,390 1131 00:36:30,390 --> 00:36:30,400 1132 00:36:30,400 --> 00:36:32,150 1133 00:36:32,150 --> 00:36:33,270 1134 00:36:33,270 --> 00:36:37,270 1135 00:36:37,270 --> 00:36:39,510 1136 00:36:39,510 --> 00:36:43,990 1137 00:36:43,990 --> 00:36:46,870 1138 00:36:46,870 --> 00:36:48,310 1139 00:36:48,310 --> 00:36:50,950 1140 00:36:50,950 --> 00:36:53,349 1141 00:36:53,349 --> 00:36:54,390 1142 00:36:54,390 --> 00:36:55,910 1143 00:36:55,910 --> 00:36:57,990 1144 00:36:57,990 --> 00:36:58,000 1145 00:36:58,000 --> 00:36:59,349 1146 00:36:59,349 --> 00:37:02,550 1147 00:37:02,550 --> 00:37:04,150 1148 00:37:04,150 --> 00:37:05,589 1149 00:37:05,589 --> 00:37:07,750 1150 00:37:07,750 --> 00:37:07,760 1151 00:37:07,760 --> 00:37:08,870 1152 00:37:08,870 --> 00:37:11,510 1153 00:37:11,510 --> 00:37:11,520 1154 00:37:11,520 --> 00:37:13,270 1155 00:37:13,270 --> 00:37:14,550 1156 00:37:14,550 --> 00:37:16,310 1157 00:37:16,310 --> 00:37:17,829 1158 00:37:17,829 --> 00:37:19,829 1159 00:37:19,829 --> 00:37:22,310 1160 00:37:22,310 --> 00:37:23,910 1161 00:37:23,910 --> 00:37:26,390 1162 00:37:26,390 --> 00:37:28,230 1163 00:37:28,230 --> 00:37:28,240 1164 00:37:28,240 --> 00:37:29,750 1165 00:37:29,750 --> 00:37:31,750 1166 00:37:31,750 --> 00:37:33,990 1167 00:37:33,990 --> 00:37:34,000 1168 00:37:34,000 --> 00:37:35,109 1169 00:37:35,109 --> 00:37:39,109 1170 00:37:39,109 --> 00:37:40,710 1171 00:37:40,710 --> 00:37:42,550 1172 00:37:42,550 --> 00:37:42,560 1173 00:37:42,560 --> 00:37:43,510 1174 00:37:43,510 --> 00:37:43,520 1175 00:37:43,520 --> 00:37:46,470 1176 00:37:46,470 --> 00:37:48,069 1177 00:37:48,069 --> 00:37:49,270 1178 00:37:49,270 --> 00:37:51,430 1179 00:37:51,430 --> 00:37:53,750 1180 00:37:53,750 --> 00:37:55,109 1181 00:37:55,109 --> 00:37:56,390 1182 00:37:56,390 --> 00:37:59,430 1183 00:37:59,430 --> 00:38:01,430 1184 00:38:01,430 --> 00:38:03,030 1185 00:38:03,030 --> 00:38:04,790 1186 00:38:04,790 --> 00:38:07,750 1187 00:38:07,750 --> 00:38:07,760 1188 00:38:07,760 --> 00:38:09,030 1189 00:38:09,030 --> 00:38:11,190 1190 00:38:11,190 --> 00:38:12,310 1191 00:38:12,310 --> 00:38:12,320 1192 00:38:12,320 --> 00:38:14,950 1193 00:38:14,950 --> 00:38:14,960 1194 00:38:14,960 --> 00:38:16,470 1195 00:38:16,470 --> 00:38:18,630 1196 00:38:18,630 --> 00:38:21,109 1197 00:38:21,109 --> 00:38:23,030 1198 00:38:23,030 --> 00:38:25,109 1199 00:38:25,109 --> 00:38:27,589 1200 00:38:27,589 --> 00:38:29,430 1201 00:38:29,430 --> 00:38:30,950 1202 00:38:30,950 --> 00:38:32,390 1203 00:38:32,390 --> 00:38:36,470 1204 00:38:36,470 --> 00:38:40,630 1205 00:38:40,630 --> 00:38:42,790 1206 00:38:42,790 --> 00:38:45,589 1207 00:38:45,589 --> 00:38:47,670 1208 00:38:47,670 --> 00:38:49,670 1209 00:38:49,670 --> 00:38:51,109 1210 00:38:51,109 --> 00:38:53,510 1211 00:38:53,510 --> 00:38:55,190 1212 00:38:55,190 --> 00:38:56,150 1213 00:38:56,150 --> 00:38:59,190 1214 00:38:59,190 --> 00:39:01,109 1215 00:39:01,109 --> 00:39:04,230 1216 00:39:04,230 --> 00:39:06,150 1217 00:39:06,150 --> 00:39:09,430 1218 00:39:09,430 --> 00:39:11,750 1219 00:39:11,750 --> 00:39:14,390 1220 00:39:14,390 --> 00:39:16,870 1221 00:39:16,870 --> 00:39:20,630 1222 00:39:20,630 --> 00:39:22,390 1223 00:39:22,390 --> 00:39:24,230 1224 00:39:24,230 --> 00:39:28,069 1225 00:39:28,069 --> 00:39:30,150 1226 00:39:30,150 --> 00:39:32,470 1227 00:39:32,470 --> 00:39:32,480 1228 00:39:32,480 --> 00:39:33,430 1229 00:39:33,430 --> 00:39:35,990 1230 00:39:35,990 --> 00:39:38,630 1231 00:39:38,630 --> 00:39:40,630 1232 00:39:40,630 --> 00:39:43,109 1233 00:39:43,109 --> 00:39:44,870 1234 00:39:44,870 --> 00:39:46,950 1235 00:39:46,950 --> 00:39:49,589 1236 00:39:49,589 --> 00:39:49,599 1237 00:39:49,599 --> 00:39:50,550 1238 00:39:50,550 --> 00:39:52,390 1239 00:39:52,390 --> 00:39:53,910 1240 00:39:53,910 --> 00:39:55,030 1241 00:39:55,030 --> 00:39:56,550 1242 00:39:56,550 --> 00:39:59,349 1243 00:39:59,349 --> 00:40:01,910 1244 00:40:01,910 --> 00:40:02,950 1245 00:40:02,950 --> 00:40:02,960 1246 00:40:02,960 --> 00:40:04,150 1247 00:40:04,150 --> 00:40:06,390 1248 00:40:06,390 --> 00:40:08,470 1249 00:40:08,470 --> 00:40:10,950 1250 00:40:10,950 --> 00:40:12,790 1251 00:40:12,790 --> 00:40:14,630 1252 00:40:14,630 --> 00:40:16,230 1253 00:40:16,230 --> 00:40:17,670 1254 00:40:17,670 --> 00:40:19,829 1255 00:40:19,829 --> 00:40:20,870 1256 00:40:20,870 --> 00:40:22,390 1257 00:40:22,390 --> 00:40:25,589 1258 00:40:25,589 --> 00:40:27,270 1259 00:40:27,270 --> 00:40:27,280 1260 00:40:27,280 --> 00:40:28,069 1261 00:40:28,069 --> 00:40:30,550 1262 00:40:30,550 --> 00:40:32,390 1263 00:40:32,390 --> 00:40:34,550 1264 00:40:34,550 --> 00:40:36,550 1265 00:40:36,550 --> 00:40:38,630 1266 00:40:38,630 --> 00:40:40,309 1267 00:40:40,309 --> 00:40:42,470 1268 00:40:42,470 --> 00:40:44,550 1269 00:40:44,550 --> 00:40:45,750 1270 00:40:45,750 --> 00:40:47,829 1271 00:40:47,829 --> 00:40:51,589 1272 00:40:51,589 --> 00:40:53,349 1273 00:40:53,349 --> 00:40:54,870 1274 00:40:54,870 --> 00:40:57,430 1275 00:40:57,430 --> 00:40:59,190 1276 00:40:59,190 --> 00:41:00,550 1277 00:41:00,550 --> 00:41:02,390 1278 00:41:02,390 --> 00:41:04,309 1279 00:41:04,309 --> 00:41:07,670 1280 00:41:07,670 --> 00:41:07,680 1281 00:41:07,680 --> 00:41:08,790 1282 00:41:08,790 --> 00:41:08,800 1283 00:41:08,800 --> 00:41:10,150 1284 00:41:10,150 --> 00:41:10,160 1285 00:41:10,160 --> 00:41:11,510 1286 00:41:11,510 --> 00:41:13,910 1287 00:41:13,910 --> 00:41:15,750 1288 00:41:15,750 --> 00:41:18,030 1289 00:41:18,030 --> 00:41:19,750 1290 00:41:19,750 --> 00:41:19,760 1291 00:41:19,760 --> 00:41:21,910 1292 00:41:21,910 --> 00:41:23,109 1293 00:41:23,109 --> 00:41:25,750 1294 00:41:25,750 --> 00:41:28,309 1295 00:41:28,309 --> 00:41:28,319 1296 00:41:28,319 --> 00:41:31,190 1297 00:41:31,190 --> 00:41:33,109 1298 00:41:33,109 --> 00:41:35,190 1299 00:41:35,190 --> 00:41:36,630 1300 00:41:36,630 --> 00:41:36,640 1301 00:41:36,640 --> 00:41:37,430 1302 00:41:37,430 --> 00:41:40,470 1303 00:41:40,470 --> 00:41:42,309 1304 00:41:42,309 --> 00:41:45,190 1305 00:41:45,190 --> 00:41:48,150 1306 00:41:48,150 --> 00:41:49,670 1307 00:41:49,670 --> 00:41:51,109 1308 00:41:51,109 --> 00:41:53,030 1309 00:41:53,030 --> 00:41:55,510 1310 00:41:55,510 --> 00:41:56,710 1311 00:41:56,710 --> 00:42:00,069 1312 00:42:00,069 --> 00:42:01,270 1313 00:42:01,270 --> 00:42:05,109 1314 00:42:05,109 --> 00:42:07,270 1315 00:42:07,270 --> 00:42:09,349 1316 00:42:09,349 --> 00:42:11,030 1317 00:42:11,030 --> 00:42:12,550 1318 00:42:12,550 --> 00:42:14,390 1319 00:42:14,390 --> 00:42:16,630 1320 00:42:16,630 --> 00:42:18,630 1321 00:42:18,630 --> 00:42:20,950 1322 00:42:20,950 --> 00:42:23,030 1323 00:42:23,030 --> 00:42:23,040 1324 00:42:23,040 --> 00:42:24,150 1325 00:42:24,150 --> 00:42:26,950 1326 00:42:26,950 --> 00:42:29,270 1327 00:42:29,270 --> 00:42:29,280 1328 00:42:29,280 --> 00:42:30,630 1329 00:42:30,630 --> 00:42:33,990 1330 00:42:33,990 --> 00:42:34,000 1331 00:42:34,000 --> 00:42:35,270 1332 00:42:35,270 --> 00:42:37,190 1333 00:42:37,190 --> 00:42:39,910 1334 00:42:39,910 --> 00:42:41,750 1335 00:42:41,750 --> 00:42:44,150 1336 00:42:44,150 --> 00:42:47,270 1337 00:42:47,270 --> 00:42:49,270 1338 00:42:49,270 --> 00:42:50,870 1339 00:42:50,870 --> 00:42:53,349 1340 00:42:53,349 --> 00:42:53,359 1341 00:42:53,359 --> 00:42:54,470 1342 00:42:54,470 --> 00:42:57,349 1343 00:42:57,349 --> 00:43:00,470 1344 00:43:00,470 --> 00:43:01,589 1345 00:43:01,589 --> 00:43:03,430 1346 00:43:03,430 --> 00:43:05,750 1347 00:43:05,750 --> 00:43:08,550 1348 00:43:08,550 --> 00:43:10,630 1349 00:43:10,630 --> 00:43:12,230 1350 00:43:12,230 --> 00:43:13,990 1351 00:43:13,990 --> 00:43:15,750 1352 00:43:15,750 --> 00:43:18,069 1353 00:43:18,069 --> 00:43:20,390 1354 00:43:20,390 --> 00:43:23,349 1355 00:43:23,349 --> 00:43:25,589 1356 00:43:25,589 --> 00:43:25,599 1357 00:43:25,599 --> 00:43:26,390 1358 00:43:26,390 --> 00:43:28,950 1359 00:43:28,950 --> 00:43:30,470 1360 00:43:30,470 --> 00:43:30,480 1361 00:43:30,480 --> 00:43:31,430 1362 00:43:31,430 --> 00:43:31,440 1363 00:43:31,440 --> 00:43:33,349 1364 00:43:33,349 --> 00:43:35,349 1365 00:43:35,349 --> 00:43:38,069 1366 00:43:38,069 --> 00:43:40,309 1367 00:43:40,309 --> 00:43:42,790 1368 00:43:42,790 --> 00:43:44,150 1369 00:43:44,150 --> 00:43:44,160 1370 00:43:44,160 --> 00:43:45,349 1371 00:43:45,349 --> 00:43:45,359 1372 00:43:45,359 --> 00:43:46,710 1373 00:43:46,710 --> 00:43:48,150 1374 00:43:48,150 --> 00:43:50,309 1375 00:43:50,309 --> 00:43:52,069 1376 00:43:52,069 --> 00:43:54,230 1377 00:43:54,230 --> 00:43:56,550 1378 00:43:56,550 --> 00:43:59,030 1379 00:43:59,030 --> 00:44:00,630 1380 00:44:00,630 --> 00:44:00,640 1381 00:44:00,640 --> 00:44:01,750 1382 00:44:01,750 --> 00:44:03,109 1383 00:44:03,109 --> 00:44:05,270 1384 00:44:05,270 --> 00:44:08,069 1385 00:44:08,069 --> 00:44:10,390 1386 00:44:10,390 --> 00:44:12,390 1387 00:44:12,390 --> 00:44:14,309 1388 00:44:14,309 --> 00:44:16,710 1389 00:44:16,710 --> 00:44:18,470 1390 00:44:18,470 --> 00:44:21,510 1391 00:44:21,510 --> 00:44:23,750 1392 00:44:23,750 --> 00:44:23,760 1393 00:44:23,760 --> 00:44:24,710 1394 00:44:24,710 --> 00:44:24,720 1395 00:44:24,720 --> 00:44:25,750 1396 00:44:25,750 --> 00:44:29,670 1397 00:44:29,670 --> 00:44:31,510 1398 00:44:31,510 --> 00:44:33,910 1399 00:44:33,910 --> 00:44:35,829 1400 00:44:35,829 --> 00:44:37,829 1401 00:44:37,829 --> 00:44:39,990 1402 00:44:39,990 --> 00:44:42,550 1403 00:44:42,550 --> 00:44:46,790 1404 00:44:46,790 --> 00:44:46,800 1405 00:44:46,800 --> 00:44:48,150 1406 00:44:48,150 --> 00:44:50,470 1407 00:44:50,470 --> 00:44:50,480 1408 00:44:50,480 --> 00:44:52,870 1409 00:44:52,870 --> 00:44:52,880 1410 00:44:52,880 --> 00:44:55,430 1411 00:44:55,430 --> 00:44:55,440 1412 00:44:55,440 --> 00:44:57,270 1413 00:44:57,270 --> 00:45:00,309 1414 00:45:00,309 --> 00:45:03,109 1415 00:45:03,109 --> 00:45:05,670 1416 00:45:05,670 --> 00:45:07,109 1417 00:45:07,109 --> 00:45:08,630 1418 00:45:08,630 --> 00:45:09,829 1419 00:45:09,829 --> 00:45:11,510 1420 00:45:11,510 --> 00:45:14,230 1421 00:45:14,230 --> 00:45:15,829 1422 00:45:15,829 --> 00:45:15,839 1423 00:45:15,839 --> 00:45:16,790 1424 00:45:16,790 --> 00:45:18,790 1425 00:45:18,790 --> 00:45:18,800 1426 00:45:18,800 --> 00:45:20,230 1427 00:45:20,230 --> 00:45:22,150 1428 00:45:22,150 --> 00:45:22,160 1429 00:45:22,160 --> 00:45:24,230 1430 00:45:24,230 --> 00:45:24,240 1431 00:45:24,240 --> 00:45:25,270 1432 00:45:25,270 --> 00:45:25,280 1433 00:45:25,280 --> 00:45:26,870 1434 00:45:26,870 --> 00:45:29,750 1435 00:45:29,750 --> 00:45:37,030 1436 00:45:37,030 --> 00:45:39,990 1437 00:45:39,990 --> 00:45:42,230 1438 00:45:42,230 --> 00:45:43,430 1439 00:45:43,430 --> 00:45:45,510 1440 00:45:45,510 --> 00:45:47,190 1441 00:45:47,190 --> 00:45:49,109 1442 00:45:49,109 --> 00:45:51,030 1443 00:45:51,030 --> 00:45:52,230 1444 00:45:52,230 --> 00:45:53,589 1445 00:45:53,589 --> 00:45:53,599 1446 00:45:53,599 --> 00:45:54,870 1447 00:45:54,870 --> 00:45:57,030 1448 00:45:57,030 --> 00:45:57,040 1449 00:45:57,040 --> 00:45:58,069 1450 00:45:58,069 --> 00:45:58,079 1451 00:45:58,079 --> 00:45:59,109 1452 00:45:59,109 --> 00:46:02,550 1453 00:46:02,550 --> 00:46:04,550 1454 00:46:04,550 --> 00:46:06,150 1455 00:46:06,150 --> 00:46:08,550 1456 00:46:08,550 --> 00:46:11,510 1457 00:46:11,510 --> 00:46:14,550 1458 00:46:14,550 --> 00:46:18,950 1459 00:46:18,950 --> 00:46:21,589 1460 00:46:21,589 --> 00:46:23,430 1461 00:46:23,430 --> 00:46:25,829 1462 00:46:25,829 --> 00:46:27,349 1463 00:46:27,349 --> 00:46:28,790 1464 00:46:28,790 --> 00:46:32,150 1465 00:46:32,150 --> 00:46:33,829 1466 00:46:33,829 --> 00:46:36,390 1467 00:46:36,390 --> 00:46:38,630 1468 00:46:38,630 --> 00:46:40,630 1469 00:46:40,630 --> 00:46:42,390 1470 00:46:42,390 --> 00:46:43,750 1471 00:46:43,750 --> 00:46:48,069 1472 00:46:48,069 --> 00:46:48,079 1473 00:46:48,079 --> 00:46:49,910 1474 00:46:49,910 --> 00:46:51,349 1475 00:46:51,349 --> 00:46:53,270 1476 00:46:53,270 --> 00:46:56,550 1477 00:46:56,550 --> 00:46:58,470 1478 00:46:58,470 --> 00:46:58,480 1479 00:46:58,480 --> 00:46:59,270 1480 00:46:59,270 --> 00:47:01,109 1481 00:47:01,109 --> 00:47:03,589 1482 00:47:03,589 --> 00:47:06,390 1483 00:47:06,390 --> 00:47:07,910 1484 00:47:07,910 --> 00:47:09,910 1485 00:47:09,910 --> 00:47:09,920 1486 00:47:09,920 --> 00:47:10,710 1487 00:47:10,710 --> 00:47:12,870 1488 00:47:12,870 --> 00:47:15,670 1489 00:47:15,670 --> 00:47:18,870 1490 00:47:18,870 --> 00:47:20,470 1491 00:47:20,470 --> 00:47:23,589 1492 00:47:23,589 --> 00:47:25,910 1493 00:47:25,910 --> 00:47:28,549 1494 00:47:28,549 --> 00:47:30,710 1495 00:47:30,710 --> 00:47:32,549 1496 00:47:32,549 --> 00:47:34,870 1497 00:47:34,870 --> 00:47:36,069 1498 00:47:36,069 --> 00:47:37,910 1499 00:47:37,910 --> 00:47:40,150 1500 00:47:40,150 --> 00:47:41,750 1501 00:47:41,750 --> 00:47:44,150 1502 00:47:44,150 --> 00:47:46,630 1503 00:47:46,630 --> 00:47:48,230 1504 00:47:48,230 --> 00:47:49,910 1505 00:47:49,910 --> 00:47:52,309 1506 00:47:52,309 --> 00:47:54,230 1507 00:47:54,230 --> 00:47:56,069 1508 00:47:56,069 --> 00:47:59,589 1509 00:47:59,589 --> 00:48:01,109 1510 00:48:01,109 --> 00:48:02,950 1511 00:48:02,950 --> 00:48:04,870 1512 00:48:04,870 --> 00:48:06,630 1513 00:48:06,630 --> 00:48:06,640 1514 00:48:06,640 --> 00:48:07,910 1515 00:48:07,910 --> 00:48:09,190 1516 00:48:09,190 --> 00:48:11,430 1517 00:48:11,430 --> 00:48:12,870 1518 00:48:12,870 --> 00:48:14,790 1519 00:48:14,790 --> 00:48:18,309 1520 00:48:18,309 --> 00:48:20,870 1521 00:48:20,870 --> 00:48:24,549 1522 00:48:24,549 --> 00:48:26,069 1523 00:48:26,069 --> 00:48:28,790 1524 00:48:28,790 --> 00:48:29,910 1525 00:48:29,910 --> 00:48:32,069 1526 00:48:32,069 --> 00:48:32,079 1527 00:48:32,079 --> 00:48:33,670 1528 00:48:33,670 --> 00:48:35,750 1529 00:48:35,750 --> 00:48:38,069 1530 00:48:38,069 --> 00:48:40,230 1531 00:48:40,230 --> 00:48:40,240 1532 00:48:40,240 --> 00:48:42,069 1533 00:48:42,069 --> 00:48:44,069 1534 00:48:44,069 --> 00:48:46,309 1535 00:48:46,309 --> 00:48:49,030 1536 00:48:49,030 --> 00:48:51,430 1537 00:48:51,430 --> 00:48:54,470 1538 00:48:54,470 --> 00:48:57,030 1539 00:48:57,030 --> 00:48:59,829 1540 00:48:59,829 --> 00:48:59,839 1541 00:48:59,839 --> 00:49:02,470 1542 00:49:02,470 --> 00:49:03,990 1543 00:49:03,990 --> 00:49:06,630 1544 00:49:06,630 --> 00:49:09,349 1545 00:49:09,349 --> 00:49:12,309 1546 00:49:12,309 --> 00:49:15,270 1547 00:49:15,270 --> 00:49:17,430 1548 00:49:17,430 --> 00:49:21,750 1549 00:49:21,750 --> 00:49:23,190 1550 00:49:23,190 --> 00:49:24,790 1551 00:49:24,790 --> 00:49:27,829 1552 00:49:27,829 --> 00:49:29,750 1553 00:49:29,750 --> 00:49:31,670 1554 00:49:31,670 --> 00:49:34,230 1555 00:49:34,230 --> 00:49:34,240 1556 00:49:34,240 --> 00:49:36,549 1557 00:49:36,549 --> 00:49:38,470 1558 00:49:38,470 --> 00:49:40,470 1559 00:49:40,470 --> 00:49:42,069 1560 00:49:42,069 --> 00:49:46,950 1561 00:49:46,950 --> 00:49:49,430 1562 00:49:49,430 --> 00:49:51,750 1563 00:49:51,750 --> 00:49:54,549 1564 00:49:54,549 --> 00:49:56,309 1565 00:49:56,309 --> 00:49:58,549 1566 00:49:58,549 --> 00:50:00,230 1567 00:50:00,230 --> 00:50:00,240 1568 00:50:00,240 --> 00:50:01,270 1569 00:50:01,270 --> 00:50:02,470 1570 00:50:02,470 --> 00:50:02,480 1571 00:50:02,480 --> 00:50:04,150 1572 00:50:04,150 --> 00:50:04,160 1573 00:50:04,160 --> 00:50:04,870 1574 00:50:04,870 --> 00:50:07,030 1575 00:50:07,030 --> 00:50:07,910 1576 00:50:07,910 --> 00:50:10,630 1577 00:50:10,630 --> 00:50:12,390 1578 00:50:12,390 --> 00:50:14,549 1579 00:50:14,549 --> 00:50:15,670 1580 00:50:15,670 --> 00:50:17,349 1581 00:50:17,349 --> 00:50:18,870 1582 00:50:18,870 --> 00:50:18,880 1583 00:50:18,880 --> 00:50:19,750 1584 00:50:19,750 --> 00:50:20,950 1585 00:50:20,950 --> 00:50:23,430 1586 00:50:23,430 --> 00:50:25,270 1587 00:50:25,270 --> 00:50:27,510 1588 00:50:27,510 --> 00:50:29,109 1589 00:50:29,109 --> 00:50:30,470 1590 00:50:30,470 --> 00:50:31,829 1591 00:50:31,829 --> 00:50:33,510 1592 00:50:33,510 --> 00:50:36,630 1593 00:50:36,630 --> 00:50:36,640 1594 00:50:36,640 --> 00:50:38,870 1595 00:50:38,870 --> 00:50:41,750 1596 00:50:41,750 --> 00:50:41,760 1597 00:50:41,760 --> 00:50:43,750 1598 00:50:43,750 --> 00:50:45,670 1599 00:50:45,670 --> 00:50:49,270 1600 00:50:49,270 --> 00:50:52,069 1601 00:50:52,069 --> 00:50:54,390 1602 00:50:54,390 --> 00:50:55,510 1603 00:50:55,510 --> 00:50:57,270 1604 00:50:57,270 --> 00:51:00,230 1605 00:51:00,230 --> 00:51:04,630 1606 00:51:04,630 --> 00:51:07,270 1607 00:51:07,270 --> 00:51:08,790 1608 00:51:08,790 --> 00:51:10,549 1609 00:51:10,549 --> 00:51:10,559 1610 00:51:10,559 --> 00:51:11,040 1611 00:51:11,040 --> 00:51:11,050 1612 00:51:11,050 --> 00:51:15,829 1613 00:51:15,829 --> 00:51:18,069 1614 00:51:18,069 --> 00:51:20,549 1615 00:51:20,549 --> 00:51:22,710 1616 00:51:22,710 --> 00:51:29,190 1617 00:51:29,190 --> 00:51:29,200 1618 00:51:29,200 --> 00:51:30,950 1619 00:51:30,950 --> 00:51:32,870 1620 00:51:32,870 --> 00:51:35,750 1621 00:51:35,750 --> 00:51:37,829 1622 00:51:37,829 --> 00:51:40,390 1623 00:51:40,390 --> 00:51:44,069 1624 00:51:44,069 --> 00:51:46,470 1625 00:51:46,470 --> 00:51:48,630 1626 00:51:48,630 --> 00:51:50,630 1627 00:51:50,630 --> 00:51:52,390 1628 00:51:52,390 --> 00:51:54,710 1629 00:51:54,710 --> 00:51:57,589 1630 00:51:57,589 --> 00:51:58,620 1631 00:51:58,620 --> 00:51:58,630 1632 00:51:58,630 --> 00:52:01,950 1633 00:52:01,950 --> 00:52:05,510 1634 00:52:05,510 --> 00:52:08,069 1635 00:52:08,069 --> 00:52:09,349 1636 00:52:09,349 --> 00:52:12,069 1637 00:52:12,069 --> 00:52:14,390 1638 00:52:14,390 --> 00:52:15,990 1639 00:52:15,990 --> 00:52:20,309 1640 00:52:20,309 --> 00:52:22,549 1641 00:52:22,549 --> 00:52:24,390 1642 00:52:24,390 --> 00:52:27,349 1643 00:52:27,349 --> 00:52:29,430 1644 00:52:29,430 --> 00:52:32,069 1645 00:52:32,069 --> 00:52:33,990 1646 00:52:33,990 --> 00:52:35,670 1647 00:52:35,670 --> 00:52:35,680 1648 00:52:35,680 --> 00:52:36,710 1649 00:52:36,710 --> 00:52:36,720 1650 00:52:36,720 --> 00:52:37,430 1651 00:52:37,430 --> 00:52:40,230 1652 00:52:40,230 --> 00:52:42,069 1653 00:52:42,069 --> 00:52:42,079 1654 00:52:42,079 --> 00:52:43,190 1655 00:52:43,190 --> 00:52:46,710 1656 00:52:46,710 --> 00:52:48,470 1657 00:52:48,470 --> 00:52:51,510 1658 00:52:51,510 --> 00:52:53,030 1659 00:52:53,030 --> 00:52:55,510 1660 00:52:55,510 --> 00:52:57,910 1661 00:52:57,910 --> 00:53:00,150 1662 00:53:00,150 --> 00:53:02,710 1663 00:53:02,710 --> 00:53:04,390 1664 00:53:04,390 --> 00:53:05,829 1665 00:53:05,829 --> 00:53:09,030 1666 00:53:09,030 --> 00:53:10,150 1667 00:53:10,150 --> 00:53:11,829 1668 00:53:11,829 --> 00:53:11,839 1669 00:53:11,839 --> 00:53:14,390 1670 00:53:14,390 --> 00:53:16,470 1671 00:53:16,470 --> 00:53:16,480 1672 00:53:16,480 --> 00:53:18,390 1673 00:53:18,390 --> 00:53:21,430 1674 00:53:21,430 --> 00:53:23,430 1675 00:53:23,430 --> 00:53:26,069 1676 00:53:26,069 --> 00:53:29,750 1677 00:53:29,750 --> 00:53:30,790 1678 00:53:30,790 --> 00:53:32,950 1679 00:53:32,950 --> 00:53:34,870 1680 00:53:34,870 --> 00:53:37,270 1681 00:53:37,270 --> 00:53:38,630 1682 00:53:38,630 --> 00:53:40,630 1683 00:53:40,630 --> 00:53:43,670 1684 00:53:43,670 --> 00:53:46,230 1685 00:53:46,230 --> 00:53:47,990 1686 00:53:47,990 --> 00:53:50,150 1687 00:53:50,150 --> 00:53:51,990 1688 00:53:51,990 --> 00:53:54,870 1689 00:53:54,870 --> 00:53:57,270 1690 00:53:57,270 --> 00:54:01,190 1691 00:54:01,190 --> 00:54:01,200 1692 00:54:01,200 --> 00:54:03,190 1693 00:54:03,190 --> 00:54:04,630 1694 00:54:04,630 --> 00:54:05,829 1695 00:54:05,829 --> 00:54:08,150 1696 00:54:08,150 --> 00:54:12,870 1697 00:54:12,870 --> 00:54:14,390 1698 00:54:14,390 --> 00:54:17,510 1699 00:54:17,510 --> 00:54:19,349 1700 00:54:19,349 --> 00:54:22,390 1701 00:54:22,390 --> 00:54:24,230 1702 00:54:24,230 --> 00:54:28,230 1703 00:54:28,230 --> 00:54:30,950 1704 00:54:30,950 --> 00:54:33,589 1705 00:54:33,589 --> 00:54:36,309 1706 00:54:36,309 --> 00:54:40,230 1707 00:54:40,230 --> 00:54:43,349 1708 00:54:43,349 --> 00:54:44,870 1709 00:54:44,870 --> 00:54:50,549 1710 00:54:50,549 --> 00:54:50,559 1711 00:54:50,559 --> 00:54:53,270 1712 00:54:53,270 --> 00:54:55,349 1713 00:54:55,349 --> 00:54:56,789 1714 00:54:56,789 --> 00:54:58,390 1715 00:54:58,390 --> 00:55:00,470 1716 00:55:00,470 --> 00:55:01,910 1717 00:55:01,910 --> 00:55:03,829 1718 00:55:03,829 --> 00:55:03,839 1719 00:55:03,839 --> 00:55:05,589 1720 00:55:05,589 --> 00:55:07,910 1721 00:55:07,910 --> 00:55:07,920 1722 00:55:07,920 --> 00:55:09,190 1723 00:55:09,190 --> 00:55:10,309 1724 00:55:10,309 --> 00:55:12,630 1725 00:55:12,630 --> 00:55:15,510 1726 00:55:15,510 --> 00:55:15,520 1727 00:55:15,520 --> 00:55:17,030 1728 00:55:17,030 --> 00:55:20,789 1729 00:55:20,789 --> 00:55:23,510 1730 00:55:23,510 --> 00:55:27,589 1731 00:55:27,589 --> 00:55:29,990 1732 00:55:29,990 --> 00:55:31,589 1733 00:55:31,589 --> 00:55:33,430 1734 00:55:33,430 --> 00:55:35,349 1735 00:55:35,349 --> 00:55:38,630 1736 00:55:38,630 --> 00:55:41,829 1737 00:55:41,829 --> 00:55:43,750 1738 00:55:43,750 --> 00:55:43,760 1739 00:55:43,760 --> 00:55:45,670 1740 00:55:45,670 --> 00:55:47,270 1741 00:55:47,270 --> 00:55:48,630 1742 00:55:48,630 --> 00:55:53,030 1743 00:55:53,030 --> 00:55:56,710 1744 00:55:56,710 --> 00:55:59,349 1745 00:55:59,349 --> 00:56:00,829 1746 00:56:00,829 --> 00:56:02,870 1747 00:56:02,870 --> 00:56:05,510 1748 00:56:05,510 --> 00:56:07,430 1749 00:56:07,430 --> 00:56:09,750 1750 00:56:09,750 --> 00:56:12,549 1751 00:56:12,549 --> 00:56:14,710 1752 00:56:14,710 --> 00:56:16,870 1753 00:56:16,870 --> 00:56:19,190 1754 00:56:19,190 --> 00:56:20,309 1755 00:56:20,309 --> 00:56:23,829 1756 00:56:23,829 --> 00:56:25,670 1757 00:56:25,670 --> 00:56:27,190 1758 00:56:27,190 --> 00:56:29,910 1759 00:56:29,910 --> 00:56:31,990 1760 00:56:31,990 --> 00:56:34,069 1761 00:56:34,069 --> 00:56:34,079 1762 00:56:34,079 --> 00:56:35,349 1763 00:56:35,349 --> 00:56:37,510 1764 00:56:37,510 --> 00:56:37,520 1765 00:56:37,520 --> 00:56:38,470 1766 00:56:38,470 --> 00:56:39,589 1767 00:56:39,589 --> 00:56:41,109 1768 00:56:41,109 --> 00:56:43,270 1769 00:56:43,270 --> 00:56:45,510 1770 00:56:45,510 --> 00:56:47,990 1771 00:56:47,990 --> 00:56:49,349 1772 00:56:49,349 --> 00:56:51,270 1773 00:56:51,270 --> 00:56:53,109 1774 00:56:53,109 --> 00:56:56,150 1775 00:56:56,150 --> 00:56:57,990 1776 00:56:57,990 --> 00:57:00,230 1777 00:57:00,230 --> 00:57:02,950 1778 00:57:02,950 --> 00:57:04,309 1779 00:57:04,309 --> 00:57:06,710 1780 00:57:06,710 --> 00:57:10,309 1781 00:57:10,309 --> 00:57:11,910 1782 00:57:11,910 --> 00:57:14,150 1783 00:57:14,150 --> 00:57:15,750 1784 00:57:15,750 --> 00:57:17,589 1785 00:57:17,589 --> 00:57:20,390 1786 00:57:20,390 --> 00:57:22,470 1787 00:57:22,470 --> 00:57:23,910 1788 00:57:23,910 --> 00:57:25,670 1789 00:57:25,670 --> 00:57:26,470 1790 00:57:26,470 --> 00:57:28,230 1791 00:57:28,230 --> 00:57:30,630 1792 00:57:30,630 --> 00:57:33,510 1793 00:57:33,510 --> 00:57:35,270 1794 00:57:35,270 --> 00:57:38,789 1795 00:57:38,789 --> 00:57:40,309 1796 00:57:40,309 --> 00:57:41,750 1797 00:57:41,750 --> 00:57:43,589 1798 00:57:43,589 --> 00:57:46,150 1799 00:57:46,150 --> 00:57:46,160 1800 00:57:46,160 --> 00:57:47,030 1801 00:57:47,030 --> 00:57:48,789 1802 00:57:48,789 --> 00:57:48,799 1803 00:57:48,799 --> 00:57:49,990 1804 00:57:49,990 --> 00:57:51,589 1805 00:57:51,589 --> 00:57:53,430 1806 00:57:53,430 --> 00:57:55,109 1807 00:57:55,109 --> 00:57:56,630 1808 00:57:56,630 --> 00:57:58,789 1809 00:57:58,789 --> 00:58:01,589 1810 00:58:01,589 --> 00:58:01,599 1811 00:58:01,599 --> 00:58:02,789 1812 00:58:02,789 --> 00:58:04,950 1813 00:58:04,950 --> 00:58:06,789 1814 00:58:06,789 --> 00:58:08,789 1815 00:58:08,789 --> 00:58:10,069 1816 00:58:10,069 --> 00:58:11,510 1817 00:58:11,510 --> 00:58:13,270 1818 00:58:13,270 --> 00:58:15,670 1819 00:58:15,670 --> 00:58:16,870 1820 00:58:16,870 --> 00:58:18,390 1821 00:58:18,390 --> 00:58:19,910 1822 00:58:19,910 --> 00:58:22,950 1823 00:58:22,950 --> 00:58:24,870 1824 00:58:24,870 --> 00:58:26,549 1825 00:58:26,549 --> 00:58:28,870 1826 00:58:28,870 --> 00:58:30,309 1827 00:58:30,309 --> 00:58:31,589 1828 00:58:31,589 --> 00:58:32,630 1829 00:58:32,630 --> 00:58:34,390 1830 00:58:34,390 --> 00:58:38,230 1831 00:58:38,230 --> 00:58:38,240 1832 00:58:38,240 --> 00:58:40,710 1833 00:58:40,710 --> 00:58:42,309 1834 00:58:42,309 --> 00:58:45,670 1835 00:58:45,670 --> 00:58:46,870 1836 00:58:46,870 --> 00:58:48,549 1837 00:58:48,549 --> 00:58:51,910 1838 00:58:51,910 --> 00:58:54,150 1839 00:58:54,150 --> 00:58:56,549 1840 00:58:56,549 --> 00:58:58,630 1841 00:58:58,630 --> 00:59:01,109 1842 00:59:01,109 --> 00:59:04,390 1843 00:59:04,390 --> 00:59:07,510 1844 00:59:07,510 --> 00:59:10,230 1845 00:59:10,230 --> 00:59:10,240 1846 00:59:10,240 --> 00:59:11,030 1847 00:59:11,030 --> 00:59:12,230 1848 00:59:12,230 --> 00:59:13,910 1849 00:59:13,910 --> 00:59:18,069 1850 00:59:18,069 --> 00:59:20,950 1851 00:59:20,950 --> 00:59:23,510 1852 00:59:23,510 --> 00:59:25,270 1853 00:59:25,270 --> 00:59:28,069 1854 00:59:28,069 --> 00:59:29,510 1855 00:59:29,510 --> 00:59:34,549 1856 00:59:34,549 --> 00:59:34,559 1857 00:59:34,559 --> 00:59:36,390 1858 00:59:36,390 --> 00:59:39,270 1859 00:59:39,270 --> 00:59:41,109 1860 00:59:41,109 --> 00:59:43,270 1861 00:59:43,270 --> 00:59:45,270 1862 00:59:45,270 --> 00:59:47,589 1863 00:59:47,589 --> 00:59:48,789 1864 00:59:48,789 --> 00:59:50,230 1865 00:59:50,230 --> 00:59:52,069 1866 00:59:52,069 --> 00:59:54,470 1867 00:59:54,470 --> 00:59:56,309 1868 00:59:56,309 --> 00:59:58,870 1869 00:59:58,870 --> 01:00:01,030 1870 01:00:01,030 --> 01:00:02,789 1871 01:00:02,789 --> 01:00:05,430 1872 01:00:05,430 --> 01:00:07,030 1873 01:00:07,030 --> 01:00:09,670 1874 01:00:09,670 --> 01:00:09,680 1875 01:00:09,680 --> 01:00:10,630 1876 01:00:10,630 --> 01:00:12,470 1877 01:00:12,470 --> 01:00:14,630 1878 01:00:14,630 --> 01:00:16,630 1879 01:00:16,630 --> 01:00:18,789 1880 01:00:18,789 --> 01:00:22,150 1881 01:00:22,150 --> 01:00:23,829 1882 01:00:23,829 --> 01:00:25,109 1883 01:00:25,109 --> 01:00:25,119 1884 01:00:25,119 --> 01:00:26,309 1885 01:00:26,309 --> 01:00:30,789 1886 01:00:30,789 --> 01:00:32,230 1887 01:00:32,230 --> 01:00:35,670 1888 01:00:35,670 --> 01:00:36,950 1889 01:00:36,950 --> 01:00:39,190 1890 01:00:39,190 --> 01:00:40,549 1891 01:00:40,549 --> 01:00:43,030 1892 01:00:43,030 --> 01:00:44,710 1893 01:00:44,710 --> 01:00:44,720 1894 01:00:44,720 --> 01:00:45,670 1895 01:00:45,670 --> 01:00:47,430 1896 01:00:47,430 --> 01:00:50,150 1897 01:00:50,150 --> 01:00:52,789 1898 01:00:52,789 --> 01:00:54,630 1899 01:00:54,630 --> 01:00:57,589 1900 01:00:57,589 --> 01:00:59,030 1901 01:00:59,030 --> 01:01:01,349 1902 01:01:01,349 --> 01:01:03,430 1903 01:01:03,430 --> 01:01:05,430 1904 01:01:05,430 --> 01:01:08,950 1905 01:01:08,950 --> 01:01:10,470 1906 01:01:10,470 --> 01:01:11,750 1907 01:01:11,750 --> 01:01:11,760 1908 01:01:11,760 --> 01:01:12,549 1909 01:01:12,549 --> 01:01:12,559 1910 01:01:12,559 --> 01:01:13,829 1911 01:01:13,829 --> 01:01:16,150 1912 01:01:16,150 --> 01:01:19,030 1913 01:01:19,030 --> 01:01:20,710 1914 01:01:20,710 --> 01:01:20,720 1915 01:01:20,720 --> 01:01:22,069 1916 01:01:22,069 --> 01:01:23,829 1917 01:01:23,829 --> 01:01:27,910 1918 01:01:27,910 --> 01:01:29,750 1919 01:01:29,750 --> 01:01:32,069 1920 01:01:32,069 --> 01:01:33,990 1921 01:01:33,990 --> 01:01:34,000 1922 01:01:34,000 --> 01:01:35,910 1923 01:01:35,910 --> 01:01:39,030 1924 01:01:39,030 --> 01:01:42,230 1925 01:01:42,230 --> 01:01:44,069 1926 01:01:44,069 --> 01:01:44,079 1927 01:01:44,079 --> 01:01:45,510 1928 01:01:45,510 --> 01:01:45,520 1929 01:01:45,520 --> 01:01:46,470 1930 01:01:46,470 --> 01:01:48,150 1931 01:01:48,150 --> 01:01:49,750 1932 01:01:49,750 --> 01:01:51,109 1933 01:01:51,109 --> 01:01:52,789 1934 01:01:52,789 --> 01:01:55,589 1935 01:01:55,589 --> 01:01:58,150 1936 01:01:58,150 --> 01:01:59,750 1937 01:01:59,750 --> 01:02:00,789 1938 01:02:00,789 --> 01:02:03,029 1939 01:02:03,029 --> 01:02:06,390 1940 01:02:06,390 --> 01:02:08,630 1941 01:02:08,630 --> 01:02:12,069 1942 01:02:12,069 --> 01:02:13,829 1943 01:02:13,829 --> 01:02:15,990 1944 01:02:15,990 --> 01:02:16,870 1945 01:02:16,870 --> 01:02:18,950 1946 01:02:18,950 --> 01:02:22,150 1947 01:02:22,150 --> 01:02:24,789 1948 01:02:24,789 --> 01:02:27,270 1949 01:02:27,270 --> 01:02:30,710 1950 01:02:30,710 --> 01:02:32,069 1951 01:02:32,069 --> 01:02:34,710 1952 01:02:34,710 --> 01:02:35,829 1953 01:02:35,829 --> 01:02:38,230 1954 01:02:38,230 --> 01:02:40,390 1955 01:02:40,390 --> 01:02:43,750 1956 01:02:43,750 --> 01:02:46,309 1957 01:02:46,309 --> 01:02:48,390 1958 01:02:48,390 --> 01:02:49,750 1959 01:02:49,750 --> 01:02:52,309 1960 01:02:52,309 --> 01:02:55,029 1961 01:02:55,029 --> 01:02:57,430 1962 01:02:57,430 --> 01:02:57,440 1963 01:02:57,440 --> 01:02:59,029 1964 01:02:59,029 --> 01:03:00,789 1965 01:03:00,789 --> 01:03:03,190 1966 01:03:03,190 --> 01:03:05,750 1967 01:03:05,750 --> 01:03:08,390 1968 01:03:08,390 --> 01:03:10,309 1969 01:03:10,309 --> 01:03:11,750 1970 01:03:11,750 --> 01:03:14,230 1971 01:03:14,230 --> 01:03:16,870 1972 01:03:16,870 --> 01:03:18,150 1973 01:03:18,150 --> 01:03:20,069 1974 01:03:20,069 --> 01:03:21,990 1975 01:03:21,990 --> 01:03:24,069 1976 01:03:24,069 --> 01:03:25,430 1977 01:03:25,430 --> 01:03:27,589 1978 01:03:27,589 --> 01:03:29,750 1979 01:03:29,750 --> 01:03:31,670 1980 01:03:31,670 --> 01:03:31,680 1981 01:03:31,680 --> 01:03:33,910 1982 01:03:33,910 --> 01:03:36,230 1983 01:03:36,230 --> 01:03:37,750 1984 01:03:37,750 --> 01:03:37,760 1985 01:03:37,760 --> 01:03:39,430 1986 01:03:39,430 --> 01:03:39,440 1987 01:03:39,440 --> 01:03:41,430 1988 01:03:41,430 --> 01:03:43,750 1989 01:03:43,750 --> 01:03:45,829 1990 01:03:45,829 --> 01:03:47,829 1991 01:03:47,829 --> 01:03:49,829 1992 01:03:49,829 --> 01:03:52,309 1993 01:03:52,309 --> 01:03:52,319 1994 01:03:52,319 --> 01:03:53,829 1995 01:03:53,829 --> 01:03:56,069 1996 01:03:56,069 --> 01:03:57,589 1997 01:03:57,589 --> 01:04:02,950 1998 01:04:02,950 --> 01:04:05,510 1999 01:04:05,510 --> 01:04:09,029 2000 01:04:09,029 --> 01:04:11,430 2001 01:04:11,430 --> 01:04:14,230 2002 01:04:14,230 --> 01:04:17,029 2003 01:04:17,029 --> 01:04:18,950 2004 01:04:18,950 --> 01:04:20,710 2005 01:04:20,710 --> 01:04:23,750 2006 01:04:23,750 --> 01:04:26,470 2007 01:04:26,470 --> 01:04:28,470 2008 01:04:28,470 --> 01:04:30,789 2009 01:04:30,789 --> 01:04:33,349 2010 01:04:33,349 --> 01:04:36,950 2011 01:04:36,950 --> 01:04:38,870 2012 01:04:38,870 --> 01:04:41,829 2013 01:04:41,829 --> 01:04:45,750 2014 01:04:45,750 --> 01:04:47,910 2015 01:04:47,910 --> 01:04:49,829 2016 01:04:49,829 --> 01:04:51,589 2017 01:04:51,589 --> 01:04:52,950 2018 01:04:52,950 --> 01:04:54,549 2019 01:04:54,549 --> 01:04:56,710 2020 01:04:56,710 --> 01:04:59,190 2021 01:04:59,190 --> 01:05:02,150 2022 01:05:02,150 --> 01:05:04,069 2023 01:05:04,069 --> 01:05:05,750 2024 01:05:05,750 --> 01:05:07,430 2025 01:05:07,430 --> 01:05:09,510 2026 01:05:09,510 --> 01:05:12,630 2027 01:05:12,630 --> 01:05:14,230 2028 01:05:14,230 --> 01:05:15,910 2029 01:05:15,910 --> 01:05:17,589 2030 01:05:17,589 --> 01:05:17,599 2031 01:05:17,599 --> 01:05:19,349 2032 01:05:19,349 --> 01:05:23,029 2033 01:05:23,029 --> 01:05:26,150 2034 01:05:26,150 --> 01:05:26,160 2035 01:05:26,160 --> 01:05:27,109 2036 01:05:27,109 --> 01:05:28,630 2037 01:05:28,630 --> 01:05:28,640 2038 01:05:28,640 --> 01:05:29,510 2039 01:05:29,510 --> 01:05:30,950 2040 01:05:30,950 --> 01:05:33,430 2041 01:05:33,430 --> 01:05:36,549 2042 01:05:36,549 --> 01:05:38,789 2043 01:05:38,789 --> 01:05:40,390 2044 01:05:40,390 --> 01:05:42,950 2045 01:05:42,950 --> 01:05:46,069 2046 01:05:46,069 --> 01:05:48,870 2047 01:05:48,870 --> 01:05:50,789 2048 01:05:50,789 --> 01:05:50,799 2049 01:05:50,799 --> 01:05:52,470 2050 01:05:52,470 --> 01:05:53,589 2051 01:05:53,589 --> 01:05:56,950 2052 01:05:56,950 --> 01:05:56,960 2053 01:05:56,960 --> 01:05:57,990 2054 01:05:57,990 --> 01:05:59,990 2055 01:05:59,990 --> 01:06:01,589 2056 01:06:01,589 --> 01:06:04,309 2057 01:06:04,309 --> 01:06:06,390 2058 01:06:06,390 --> 01:06:08,470 2059 01:06:08,470 --> 01:06:10,390 2060 01:06:10,390 --> 01:06:11,829 2061 01:06:11,829 --> 01:06:13,670 2062 01:06:13,670 --> 01:06:16,309 2063 01:06:16,309 --> 01:06:17,430 2064 01:06:17,430 --> 01:06:19,190 2065 01:06:19,190 --> 01:06:21,029 2066 01:06:21,029 --> 01:06:23,990 2067 01:06:23,990 --> 01:06:26,470 2068 01:06:26,470 --> 01:06:28,309 2069 01:06:28,309 --> 01:06:31,109 2070 01:06:31,109 --> 01:06:32,549 2071 01:06:32,549 --> 01:06:34,549 2072 01:06:34,549 --> 01:06:36,870 2073 01:06:36,870 --> 01:06:39,510 2074 01:06:39,510 --> 01:06:40,870 2075 01:06:40,870 --> 01:06:42,390 2076 01:06:42,390 --> 01:06:42,400 2077 01:06:42,400 --> 01:06:43,349 2078 01:06:43,349 --> 01:06:50,150 2079 01:06:50,150 --> 01:06:54,950 2080 01:06:54,950 --> 01:07:00,789 2081 01:07:00,789 --> 01:07:05,069 2082 01:07:05,069 --> 01:07:07,910 2083 01:07:07,910 --> 01:07:09,910 2084 01:07:09,910 --> 01:07:11,190 2085 01:07:11,190 --> 01:07:13,510 2086 01:07:13,510 --> 01:07:14,870 2087 01:07:14,870 --> 01:07:16,870 2088 01:07:16,870 --> 01:07:18,870 2089 01:07:18,870 --> 01:07:18,880 2090 01:07:18,880 --> 01:07:19,910 2091 01:07:19,910 --> 01:07:22,230 2092 01:07:22,230 --> 01:07:24,950 2093 01:07:24,950 --> 01:07:26,630 2094 01:07:26,630 --> 01:07:28,470 2095 01:07:28,470 --> 01:07:29,910 2096 01:07:29,910 --> 01:07:31,270 2097 01:07:31,270 --> 01:07:31,280 2098 01:07:31,280 --> 01:07:32,870 2099 01:07:32,870 --> 01:07:32,880 2100 01:07:32,880 --> 01:07:34,470 2101 01:07:34,470 --> 01:07:38,390 2102 01:07:38,390 --> 01:07:40,230 2103 01:07:40,230 --> 01:07:45,109 2104 01:07:45,109 --> 01:07:47,990 2105 01:07:47,990 --> 01:07:49,349 2106 01:07:49,349 --> 01:07:51,430 2107 01:07:51,430 --> 01:07:53,349 2108 01:07:53,349 --> 01:07:56,710 2109 01:07:56,710 --> 01:07:59,349 2110 01:07:59,349 --> 01:07:59,359 2111 01:07:59,359 --> 01:08:01,349 2112 01:08:01,349 --> 01:08:03,270 2113 01:08:03,270 --> 01:08:04,950 2114 01:08:04,950 --> 01:08:07,430 2115 01:08:07,430 --> 01:08:07,440 2116 01:08:07,440 --> 01:08:08,309 2117 01:08:08,309 --> 01:08:09,829 2118 01:08:09,829 --> 01:08:11,510 2119 01:08:11,510 --> 01:08:13,430 2120 01:08:13,430 --> 01:08:13,440 2121 01:08:13,440 --> 01:08:14,390 2122 01:08:14,390 --> 01:08:17,349 2123 01:08:17,349 --> 01:08:19,590 2124 01:08:19,590 --> 01:08:22,550 2125 01:08:22,550 --> 01:08:24,070 2126 01:08:24,070 --> 01:08:26,709 2127 01:08:26,709 --> 01:08:28,550 2128 01:08:28,550 --> 01:08:31,189 2129 01:08:31,189 --> 01:08:32,390 2130 01:08:32,390 --> 01:08:35,749 2131 01:08:35,749 --> 01:08:38,229 2132 01:08:38,229 --> 01:08:38,239 2133 01:08:38,239 --> 01:08:39,749 2134 01:08:39,749 --> 01:08:41,910 2135 01:08:41,910 --> 01:08:41,920 2136 01:08:41,920 --> 01:08:43,269 2137 01:08:43,269 --> 01:08:45,910 2138 01:08:45,910 --> 01:08:47,349 2139 01:08:47,349 --> 01:08:49,349 2140 01:08:49,349 --> 01:08:51,269 2141 01:08:51,269 --> 01:08:53,030 2142 01:08:53,030 --> 01:08:56,950 2143 01:08:56,950 --> 01:08:57,910 2144 01:08:57,910 --> 01:09:00,630 2145 01:09:00,630 --> 01:09:02,950 2146 01:09:02,950 --> 01:09:05,990 2147 01:09:05,990 --> 01:09:10,070 2148 01:09:10,070 --> 01:09:12,390 2149 01:09:12,390 --> 01:09:14,789 2150 01:09:14,789 --> 01:09:19,269 2151 01:09:19,269 --> 01:09:21,510 2152 01:09:21,510 --> 01:09:24,390 2153 01:09:24,390 --> 01:09:25,910 2154 01:09:25,910 --> 01:09:27,510 2155 01:09:27,510 --> 01:09:31,030 2156 01:09:31,030 --> 01:09:32,709 2157 01:09:32,709 --> 01:09:35,990 2158 01:09:35,990 --> 01:09:37,990 2159 01:09:37,990 --> 01:09:39,910 2160 01:09:39,910 --> 01:09:41,990 2161 01:09:41,990 --> 01:09:43,189 2162 01:09:43,189 --> 01:09:44,789 2163 01:09:44,789 --> 01:09:47,110 2164 01:09:47,110 --> 01:09:49,269 2165 01:09:49,269 --> 01:09:50,789 2166 01:09:50,789 --> 01:09:52,789 2167 01:09:52,789 --> 01:09:55,510 2168 01:09:55,510 --> 01:09:57,750 2169 01:09:57,750 --> 01:09:59,510 2170 01:09:59,510 --> 01:10:02,950 2171 01:10:02,950 --> 01:10:05,590 2172 01:10:05,590 --> 01:10:05,600 2173 01:10:05,600 --> 01:10:07,910 2174 01:10:07,910 --> 01:10:10,790 2175 01:10:10,790 --> 01:10:12,550 2176 01:10:12,550 --> 01:10:15,830 2177 01:10:15,830 --> 01:10:18,550 2178 01:10:18,550 --> 01:10:21,270 2179 01:10:21,270 --> 01:10:23,430 2180 01:10:23,430 --> 01:10:25,189 2181 01:10:25,189 --> 01:10:27,189 2182 01:10:27,189 --> 01:10:27,199 2183 01:10:27,199 --> 01:10:29,430 2184 01:10:29,430 --> 01:10:29,440 2185 01:10:29,440 --> 01:10:31,189 2186 01:10:31,189 --> 01:10:33,189 2187 01:10:33,189 --> 01:10:35,669 2188 01:10:35,669 --> 01:10:35,679 2189 01:10:35,679 --> 01:10:36,470 2190 01:10:36,470 --> 01:10:38,229 2191 01:10:38,229 --> 01:10:40,070 2192 01:10:40,070 --> 01:10:42,709 2193 01:10:42,709 --> 01:10:45,350 2194 01:10:45,350 --> 01:10:47,990 2195 01:10:47,990 --> 01:10:49,350 2196 01:10:49,350 --> 01:10:52,470 2197 01:10:52,470 --> 01:10:55,030 2198 01:10:55,030 --> 01:10:55,040 2199 01:10:55,040 --> 01:10:58,950 2200 01:10:58,950 --> 01:11:02,149 2201 01:11:02,149 --> 01:11:02,159 2202 01:11:02,159 --> 01:11:03,430 2203 01:11:03,430 --> 01:11:05,270 2204 01:11:05,270 --> 01:11:05,280 2205 01:11:05,280 --> 01:11:06,310 2206 01:11:06,310 --> 01:11:08,870 2207 01:11:08,870 --> 01:11:10,790 2208 01:11:10,790 --> 01:11:10,800 2209 01:11:10,800 --> 01:11:12,790 2210 01:11:12,790 --> 01:11:14,470 2211 01:11:14,470 --> 01:11:16,390 2212 01:11:16,390 --> 01:11:19,110 2213 01:11:19,110 --> 01:11:22,790 2214 01:11:22,790 --> 01:11:24,709 2215 01:11:24,709 --> 01:11:27,750 2216 01:11:27,750 --> 01:11:29,590 2217 01:11:29,590 --> 01:11:31,189 2218 01:11:31,189 --> 01:11:33,430 2219 01:11:33,430 --> 01:11:34,870 2220 01:11:34,870 --> 01:11:38,870 2221 01:11:38,870 --> 01:11:40,790 2222 01:11:40,790 --> 01:11:42,790 2223 01:11:42,790 --> 01:11:42,800 2224 01:11:42,800 --> 01:11:44,229 2225 01:11:44,229 --> 01:11:46,870 2226 01:11:46,870 --> 01:11:49,830 2227 01:11:49,830 --> 01:11:54,550 2228 01:11:54,550 --> 01:11:56,229 2229 01:11:56,229 --> 01:11:57,350 2230 01:11:57,350 --> 01:11:59,110 2231 01:11:59,110 --> 01:12:00,950 2232 01:12:00,950 --> 01:12:03,830 2233 01:12:03,830 --> 01:12:06,310 2234 01:12:06,310 --> 01:12:07,990 2235 01:12:07,990 --> 01:12:10,310 2236 01:12:10,310 --> 01:12:12,470 2237 01:12:12,470 --> 01:12:13,590 2238 01:12:13,590 --> 01:12:15,910 2239 01:12:15,910 --> 01:12:18,070 2240 01:12:18,070 --> 01:12:19,430 2241 01:12:19,430 --> 01:12:19,440 2242 01:12:19,440 --> 01:12:21,189 2243 01:12:21,189 --> 01:12:22,790 2244 01:12:22,790 --> 01:12:22,800 2245 01:12:22,800 --> 01:12:24,870 2246 01:12:24,870 --> 01:12:27,910 2247 01:12:27,910 --> 01:12:27,920 2248 01:12:27,920 --> 01:12:29,990 2249 01:12:29,990 --> 01:12:31,430 2250 01:12:31,430 --> 01:12:34,149 2251 01:12:34,149 --> 01:12:37,830 2252 01:12:37,830 --> 01:12:40,229 2253 01:12:40,229 --> 01:12:40,239 2254 01:12:40,239 --> 01:12:41,910 2255 01:12:41,910 --> 01:12:43,270 2256 01:12:43,270 --> 01:12:45,270 2257 01:12:45,270 --> 01:12:47,510 2258 01:12:47,510 --> 01:12:49,350 2259 01:12:49,350 --> 01:12:51,510 2260 01:12:51,510 --> 01:12:54,070 2261 01:12:54,070 --> 01:12:54,080 2262 01:12:54,080 --> 01:12:55,189 2263 01:12:55,189 --> 01:12:59,030 2264 01:12:59,030 --> 01:12:59,040 2265 01:12:59,040 --> 01:13:00,149 2266 01:13:00,149 --> 01:13:01,430 2267 01:13:01,430 --> 01:13:03,110 2268 01:13:03,110 --> 01:13:04,870 2269 01:13:04,870 --> 01:13:07,990 2270 01:13:07,990 --> 01:13:11,270 2271 01:13:11,270 --> 01:13:13,510 2272 01:13:13,510 --> 01:13:15,750 2273 01:13:15,750 --> 01:13:16,870 2274 01:13:16,870 --> 01:13:19,669 2275 01:13:19,669 --> 01:13:21,510 2276 01:13:21,510 --> 01:13:23,750 2277 01:13:23,750 --> 01:13:25,990 2278 01:13:25,990 --> 01:13:27,350 2279 01:13:27,350 --> 01:13:29,669 2280 01:13:29,669 --> 01:13:31,750 2281 01:13:31,750 --> 01:13:33,990 2282 01:13:33,990 --> 01:13:36,310 2283 01:13:36,310 --> 01:13:36,320 2284 01:13:36,320 --> 01:13:37,270 2285 01:13:37,270 --> 01:13:37,280 2286 01:13:37,280 --> 01:13:38,149 2287 01:13:38,149 --> 01:13:40,310 2288 01:13:40,310 --> 01:13:41,990 2289 01:13:41,990 --> 01:13:44,870 2290 01:13:44,870 --> 01:13:46,709 2291 01:13:46,709 --> 01:13:49,030 2292 01:13:49,030 --> 01:13:50,870 2293 01:13:50,870 --> 01:13:52,870 2294 01:13:52,870 --> 01:13:54,390 2295 01:13:54,390 --> 01:13:54,400 2296 01:13:54,400 --> 01:13:55,669 2297 01:13:55,669 --> 01:13:57,669 2298 01:13:57,669 --> 01:13:59,189 2299 01:13:59,189 --> 01:14:01,430 2300 01:14:01,430 --> 01:14:03,910 2301 01:14:03,910 --> 01:14:05,910 2302 01:14:05,910 --> 01:14:07,430 2303 01:14:07,430 --> 01:14:10,229 2304 01:14:10,229 --> 01:14:12,310 2305 01:14:12,310 --> 01:14:14,550 2306 01:14:14,550 --> 01:14:16,070 2307 01:14:16,070 --> 01:14:16,080 2308 01:14:16,080 --> 01:14:16,460 2309 01:14:16,460 --> 01:14:16,470 2310 01:14:16,470 --> 01:14:18,149 2311 01:14:18,149 --> 01:14:20,550 2312 01:14:20,550 --> 01:14:22,550 2313 01:14:22,550 --> 01:14:25,030 2314 01:14:25,030 --> 01:14:27,430 2315 01:14:27,430 --> 01:14:27,440 2316 01:14:27,440 --> 01:14:28,630 2317 01:14:28,630 --> 01:14:28,640 2318 01:14:28,640 --> 01:14:29,669 2319 01:14:29,669 --> 01:14:31,669 2320 01:14:31,669 --> 01:14:33,910 2321 01:14:33,910 --> 01:14:33,920 2322 01:14:33,920 --> 01:14:34,790 2323 01:14:34,790 --> 01:14:37,590 2324 01:14:37,590 --> 01:14:40,550 2325 01:14:40,550 --> 01:14:42,630 2326 01:14:42,630 --> 01:14:44,870 2327 01:14:44,870 --> 01:14:46,550 2328 01:14:46,550 --> 01:14:46,560 2329 01:14:46,560 --> 01:14:47,669 2330 01:14:47,669 --> 01:14:50,229 2331 01:14:50,229 --> 01:14:51,510 2332 01:14:51,510 --> 01:14:53,990 2333 01:14:53,990 --> 01:14:56,950 2334 01:14:56,950 --> 01:14:59,350 2335 01:14:59,350 --> 01:15:01,510 2336 01:15:01,510 --> 01:15:02,390 2337 01:15:02,390 --> 01:15:04,149 2338 01:15:04,149 --> 01:15:05,510 2339 01:15:05,510 --> 01:15:06,630 2340 01:15:06,630 --> 01:15:08,550 2341 01:15:08,550 --> 01:15:10,149 2342 01:15:10,149 --> 01:15:12,790 2343 01:15:12,790 --> 01:15:15,590 2344 01:15:15,590 --> 01:15:17,750 2345 01:15:17,750 --> 01:15:19,350 2346 01:15:19,350 --> 01:15:21,270 2347 01:15:21,270 --> 01:15:23,510 2348 01:15:23,510 --> 01:15:24,870 2349 01:15:24,870 --> 01:15:26,310 2350 01:15:26,310 --> 01:15:27,910 2351 01:15:27,910 --> 01:15:29,910 2352 01:15:29,910 --> 01:15:33,030 2353 01:15:33,030 --> 01:15:33,040 2354 01:15:33,040 --> 01:15:34,470 2355 01:15:34,470 --> 01:15:36,470 2356 01:15:36,470 --> 01:15:38,870 2357 01:15:38,870 --> 01:15:40,870 2358 01:15:40,870 --> 01:15:43,750 2359 01:15:43,750 --> 01:15:46,390 2360 01:15:46,390 --> 01:15:47,669 2361 01:15:47,669 --> 01:15:51,110 2362 01:15:51,110 --> 01:15:53,030 2363 01:15:53,030 --> 01:15:55,189 2364 01:15:55,189 --> 01:15:57,270 2365 01:15:57,270 --> 01:15:57,280 2366 01:15:57,280 --> 01:15:58,229 2367 01:15:58,229 --> 01:16:00,390 2368 01:16:00,390 --> 01:16:02,310 2369 01:16:02,310 --> 01:16:02,320 2370 01:16:02,320 --> 01:16:03,189 2371 01:16:03,189 --> 01:16:04,630 2372 01:16:04,630 --> 01:16:07,110 2373 01:16:07,110 --> 01:16:09,830 2374 01:16:09,830 --> 01:16:12,790 2375 01:16:12,790 --> 01:16:15,189 2376 01:16:15,189 --> 01:16:18,310 2377 01:16:18,310 --> 01:16:20,149 2378 01:16:20,149 --> 01:16:21,750 2379 01:16:21,750 --> 01:16:21,760 2380 01:16:21,760 --> 01:16:24,149 2381 01:16:24,149 --> 01:16:25,830 2382 01:16:25,830 --> 01:16:27,750 2383 01:16:27,750 --> 01:16:27,760 2384 01:16:27,760 --> 01:16:29,189 2385 01:16:29,189 --> 01:16:29,199 2386 01:16:29,199 --> 01:16:30,310 2387 01:16:30,310 --> 01:16:32,390 2388 01:16:32,390 --> 01:16:35,350 2389 01:16:35,350 --> 01:16:39,590 2390 01:16:39,590 --> 01:16:42,709 2391 01:16:42,709 --> 01:16:44,470 2392 01:16:44,470 --> 01:16:44,480 2393 01:16:44,480 --> 01:16:45,830 2394 01:16:45,830 --> 01:16:52,470 2395 01:16:52,470 --> 01:16:52,480 2396 01:16:52,480 --> 01:16:53,669 2397 01:16:53,669 --> 01:16:56,390 2398 01:16:56,390 --> 01:16:58,790 2399 01:16:58,790 --> 01:17:00,790 2400 01:17:00,790 --> 01:17:03,270 2401 01:17:03,270 --> 01:17:06,310 2402 01:17:06,310 --> 01:17:07,830 2403 01:17:07,830 --> 01:17:07,840 2404 01:17:07,840 --> 01:17:08,870 2405 01:17:08,870 --> 01:17:10,390 2406 01:17:10,390 --> 01:17:10,400 2407 01:17:10,400 --> 01:17:11,430 2408 01:17:11,430 --> 01:17:13,510 2409 01:17:13,510 --> 01:17:13,520 2410 01:17:13,520 --> 01:17:15,430 2411 01:17:15,430 --> 01:17:16,709 2412 01:17:16,709 --> 01:17:19,990 2413 01:17:19,990 --> 01:17:20,000 2414 01:17:20,000 --> 01:17:21,030 2415 01:17:21,030 --> 01:17:23,110 2416 01:17:23,110 --> 01:17:23,120 2417 01:17:23,120 --> 01:17:24,229 2418 01:17:24,229 --> 01:17:28,310 2419 01:17:28,310 --> 01:17:30,950 2420 01:17:30,950 --> 01:17:32,470 2421 01:17:32,470 --> 01:17:34,310 2422 01:17:34,310 --> 01:17:36,229 2423 01:17:36,229 --> 01:17:38,229 2424 01:17:38,229 --> 01:17:40,070 2425 01:17:40,070 --> 01:17:41,910 2426 01:17:41,910 --> 01:17:44,470 2427 01:17:44,470 --> 01:17:46,310 2428 01:17:46,310 --> 01:17:48,950 2429 01:17:48,950 --> 01:17:48,960 2430 01:17:48,960 --> 01:17:49,990 2431 01:17:49,990 --> 01:17:52,550 2432 01:17:52,550 --> 01:17:55,430 2433 01:17:55,430 --> 01:17:56,830 2434 01:17:56,830 --> 01:17:59,590 2435 01:17:59,590 --> 01:18:03,110 2436 01:18:03,110 --> 01:18:03,120 2437 01:18:03,120 --> 01:18:04,149 2438 01:18:04,149 --> 01:18:04,159 2439 01:18:04,159 --> 01:18:06,229 2440 01:18:06,229 --> 01:18:09,350 2441 01:18:09,350 --> 01:18:11,430 2442 01:18:11,430 --> 01:18:14,390 2443 01:18:14,390 --> 01:18:16,790 2444 01:18:16,790 --> 01:18:18,709 2445 01:18:18,709 --> 01:18:19,990 2446 01:18:19,990 --> 01:18:22,709 2447 01:18:22,709 --> 01:18:24,470 2448 01:18:24,470 --> 01:18:26,870 2449 01:18:26,870 --> 01:18:26,880 2450 01:18:26,880 --> 01:18:28,310 2451 01:18:28,310 --> 01:18:28,320 2452 01:18:28,320 --> 01:18:30,709 2453 01:18:30,709 --> 01:18:32,709 2454 01:18:32,709 --> 01:18:34,390 2455 01:18:34,390 --> 01:18:36,470 2456 01:18:36,470 --> 01:18:37,990 2457 01:18:37,990 --> 01:18:38,000 2458 01:18:38,000 --> 01:18:39,510 2459 01:18:39,510 --> 01:18:42,550 2460 01:18:42,550 --> 01:18:44,709 2461 01:18:44,709 --> 01:18:46,229 2462 01:18:46,229 --> 01:18:47,990 2463 01:18:47,990 --> 01:18:49,669 2464 01:18:49,669 --> 01:18:52,070 2465 01:18:52,070 --> 01:18:52,080 2466 01:18:52,080 --> 01:18:53,030 2467 01:18:53,030 --> 01:18:54,470 2468 01:18:54,470 --> 01:18:55,910 2469 01:18:55,910 --> 01:18:57,510 2470 01:18:57,510 --> 01:18:58,870 2471 01:18:58,870 --> 01:18:58,880 2472 01:18:58,880 --> 01:18:59,910 2473 01:18:59,910 --> 01:19:01,189 2474 01:19:01,189 --> 01:19:01,199 2475 01:19:01,199 --> 01:19:02,149 2476 01:19:02,149 --> 01:19:02,159 2477 01:19:02,159 --> 01:19:03,430 2478 01:19:03,430 --> 01:19:05,669 2479 01:19:05,669 --> 01:19:08,149 2480 01:19:08,149 --> 01:19:09,510 2481 01:19:09,510 --> 01:19:11,910 2482 01:19:11,910 --> 01:19:13,430 2483 01:19:13,430 --> 01:19:15,350 2484 01:19:15,350 --> 01:19:17,669 2485 01:19:17,669 --> 01:19:19,510 2486 01:19:19,510 --> 01:19:19,520 2487 01:19:19,520 --> 01:19:20,550 2488 01:19:20,550 --> 01:19:22,310 2489 01:19:22,310 --> 01:19:24,229 2490 01:19:24,229 --> 01:19:25,510 2491 01:19:25,510 --> 01:19:28,070 2492 01:19:28,070 --> 01:19:30,229 2493 01:19:30,229 --> 01:19:33,990 2494 01:19:33,990 --> 01:19:37,030 2495 01:19:37,030 --> 01:19:38,709 2496 01:19:38,709 --> 01:19:43,189 2497 01:19:43,189 --> 01:19:44,630 2498 01:19:44,630 --> 01:19:46,070 2499 01:19:46,070 --> 01:19:47,669 2500 01:19:47,669 --> 01:19:51,270 2501 01:19:51,270 --> 01:19:53,030 2502 01:19:53,030 --> 01:19:57,910 2503 01:19:57,910 --> 01:20:01,669 2504 01:20:01,669 --> 01:20:03,030 2505 01:20:03,030 --> 01:20:05,910 2506 01:20:05,910 --> 01:20:05,920 2507 01:20:05,920 --> 01:20:06,870 2508 01:20:06,870 --> 01:20:09,270 2509 01:20:09,270 --> 01:20:10,709 2510 01:20:10,709 --> 01:20:10,719 2511 01:20:10,719 --> 01:20:11,830 2512 01:20:11,830 --> 01:20:13,590 2513 01:20:13,590 --> 01:20:15,750 2514 01:20:15,750 --> 01:20:17,350 2515 01:20:17,350 --> 01:20:18,790 2516 01:20:18,790 --> 01:20:21,189 2517 01:20:21,189 --> 01:20:22,950 2518 01:20:22,950 --> 01:20:24,310 2519 01:20:24,310 --> 01:20:25,669 2520 01:20:25,669 --> 01:20:27,189 2521 01:20:27,189 --> 01:20:29,030 2522 01:20:29,030 --> 01:20:29,040 2523 01:20:29,040 --> 01:20:29,830 2524 01:20:29,830 --> 01:20:31,350 2525 01:20:31,350 --> 01:20:33,830 2526 01:20:33,830 --> 01:20:35,910 2527 01:20:35,910 --> 01:20:39,189 2528 01:20:39,189 --> 01:20:40,629 2529 01:20:40,629 --> 01:20:43,430 2530 01:20:43,430 --> 01:20:46,390 2531 01:20:46,390 --> 01:20:48,470 2532 01:20:48,470 --> 01:20:50,709 2533 01:20:50,709 --> 01:20:50,719 2534 01:20:50,719 --> 01:20:52,709 2535 01:20:52,709 --> 01:20:52,719 2536 01:20:52,719 --> 01:20:53,990 2537 01:20:53,990 --> 01:20:58,470 2538 01:20:58,470 --> 01:20:58,480 2539 01:20:58,480 --> 01:20:59,270 2540 01:20:59,270 --> 01:21:01,830 2541 01:21:01,830 --> 01:21:03,669 2542 01:21:03,669 --> 01:21:05,510 2543 01:21:05,510 --> 01:21:07,030 2544 01:21:07,030 --> 01:21:10,229 2545 01:21:10,229 --> 01:21:10,239 2546 01:21:10,239 --> 01:21:11,430 2547 01:21:11,430 --> 01:21:15,350 2548 01:21:15,350 --> 01:21:17,270 2549 01:21:17,270 --> 01:21:19,830 2550 01:21:19,830 --> 01:21:22,470 2551 01:21:22,470 --> 01:21:24,070 2552 01:21:24,070 --> 01:21:25,669 2553 01:21:25,669 --> 01:21:27,430 2554 01:21:27,430 --> 01:21:30,470 2555 01:21:30,470 --> 01:21:32,870 2556 01:21:32,870 --> 01:21:35,430 2557 01:21:35,430 --> 01:21:37,189 2558 01:21:37,189 --> 01:21:38,870 2559 01:21:38,870 --> 01:21:41,350 2560 01:21:41,350 --> 01:21:43,189 2561 01:21:43,189 --> 01:21:43,199 2562 01:21:43,199 --> 01:21:56,229 2563 01:21:56,229 --> 01:21:56,239 2564 01:21:56,239 --> 01:21:58,320