1
00:00:01,220 --> 00:00:06,000
Okay. First of all,

2
00:00:06,000 --> 00:00:07,320
I want to say I mean,

3
00:00:07,320 --> 00:00:08,429
I want to apologize

4
00:00:08,429 --> 00:00:10,664
a little bit for what
happened the last time.

5
00:00:10,664 --> 00:00:12,300
I know it was a mess.

6
00:00:12,300 --> 00:00:15,900
And we tried to take

7
00:00:15,900 --> 00:00:17,160
several actions here in

8
00:00:17,160 --> 00:00:18,299
order to resolve
the problem

9
00:00:18,299 --> 00:00:20,820
because it's a really
challenging actually,

10
00:00:20,820 --> 00:00:22,830
it's one of the
I don't know.

11
00:00:22,830 --> 00:00:24,029
I guess it's a
bigger class

12
00:00:24,029 --> 00:00:25,619
than the department
currently.

13
00:00:25,619 --> 00:00:28,649
So what we did is

14
00:00:28,649 --> 00:00:30,360
that we communicate
the schedule

15
00:00:30,360 --> 00:00:32,490
people find they
don't for us.

16
00:00:32,490 --> 00:00:34,259
Finally today,
this morning,

17
00:00:34,259 --> 00:00:37,229
they gave us the
room up there.

18
00:00:37,229 --> 00:00:39,510
It's called Battle Hall.

19
00:00:39,510 --> 00:00:43,170
It so at the end,

20
00:00:46,030 --> 00:00:49,175
it's somewhere up there.

21
00:00:49,175 --> 00:00:51,290
Johnson's field.

22
00:00:51,290 --> 00:00:54,394
So here we have

23
00:00:54,394 --> 00:00:55,819
several still
challenges all

24
00:00:55,819 --> 00:00:57,335
but they are
the fact that,

25
00:00:57,335 --> 00:00:59,930
I mean, I should stop
by over there and take

26
00:00:59,930 --> 00:01:01,280
a little bit the equipment

27
00:01:01,280 --> 00:01:03,139
because the glass,
It's hybrid.

28
00:01:03,139 --> 00:01:04,999
So we have physical
skin then said,

29
00:01:04,999 --> 00:01:06,260
I'm in face-to-face
students

30
00:01:06,260 --> 00:01:07,565
and students
are datum line.

31
00:01:07,565 --> 00:01:09,559
So we want to make
sure that none is

32
00:01:09,559 --> 00:01:12,215
excluded from participating
in the glass.

33
00:01:12,215 --> 00:01:15,799
So I meet, I will
go to night after

34
00:01:15,799 --> 00:01:17,719
my next class and go

35
00:01:17,719 --> 00:01:20,255
check their project
or microphone.

36
00:01:20,255 --> 00:01:22,309
They told me that there
is no microphone,

37
00:01:22,309 --> 00:01:23,810
so we need to

38
00:01:23,810 --> 00:01:25,564
put they're not there
for the microphone.

39
00:01:25,564 --> 00:01:27,500
And also, that is

40
00:01:27,500 --> 00:01:29,269
also another practical
problem guys

41
00:01:29,269 --> 00:01:31,399
are exactly
after this class

42
00:01:31,399 --> 00:01:32,449
I'm teaching another class

43
00:01:32,449 --> 00:01:33,754
of they see Department.

44
00:01:33,754 --> 00:01:35,974
And I need to be back

45
00:01:35,974 --> 00:01:37,715
and set up the new rule.

46
00:01:37,715 --> 00:01:41,659
So which is quite
challenging.

47
00:01:41,659 --> 00:01:43,220
So we need to
find the solution

48
00:01:43,220 --> 00:01:45,260
also for Vout,
how it will work.

49
00:01:45,260 --> 00:01:46,984
So i then we
will move there,

50
00:01:46,984 --> 00:01:50,040
my next class over
there as well.

51
00:01:50,590 --> 00:01:53,059
Or I don't know what.

52
00:01:53,059 --> 00:01:55,819
So that's about they use

53
00:01:55,819 --> 00:01:57,709
a I still have

54
00:01:57,709 --> 00:01:58,789
a problem which I'm not

55
00:01:58,789 --> 00:02:00,215
sure how we will
resolve it,

56
00:02:00,215 --> 00:02:03,830
because with this
hybrid mode, uh,

57
00:02:03,830 --> 00:02:05,854
you will very soon
understand that

58
00:02:05,854 --> 00:02:08,480
I am quite interactive
during the lectures.

59
00:02:08,480 --> 00:02:10,145
So with this hybrid mode,

60
00:02:10,145 --> 00:02:11,519
I feel that I exclude

61
00:02:11,519 --> 00:02:12,784
a little bit
from questions,

62
00:02:12,784 --> 00:02:15,239
the online students, which

63
00:02:15,790 --> 00:02:18,215
I don't feel
that it's good.

64
00:02:18,215 --> 00:02:22,520
So we need to find

65
00:02:22,520 --> 00:02:24,590
a way in order to
align students to

66
00:02:24,590 --> 00:02:25,700
listen to the
answers from the

67
00:02:25,700 --> 00:02:27,124
students in the classroom.

68
00:02:27,124 --> 00:02:29,029
And Carnegie,

69
00:02:29,029 --> 00:02:30,260
the department does

70
00:02:30,260 --> 00:02:31,519
not have such
an equipment,

71
00:02:31,519 --> 00:02:32,990
so I need to
check what we can

72
00:02:32,990 --> 00:02:35,809
do for now for the
upcoming lectures.

73
00:02:35,809 --> 00:02:37,654
We're going to
continue over Zoom.

74
00:02:37,654 --> 00:02:39,470
And I hope that we resolve

75
00:02:39,470 --> 00:02:41,914
those issues some time
really very soon.

76
00:02:41,914 --> 00:02:44,774
I need your
understanding here.

77
00:02:44,774 --> 00:02:48,070
The department was not
really ready in order

78
00:02:48,070 --> 00:02:49,449
to go through
such a situation

79
00:02:49,449 --> 00:02:50,589
with such a big class.

80
00:02:50,589 --> 00:02:53,425
So I'm trying to see
what is the best to do.

81
00:02:53,425 --> 00:02:55,404
So you don't, first of
all, loose lectures.

82
00:02:55,404 --> 00:02:58,270
I don't deliver a
lecture that you

83
00:02:58,270 --> 00:02:59,830
don't listen what
I'm saying or

84
00:02:59,830 --> 00:03:01,570
what the other
students are saying.

85
00:03:01,570 --> 00:03:03,129
So I want to make
sure that the content

86
00:03:03,129 --> 00:03:06,040
is delivered with
high-quality.

87
00:03:06,040 --> 00:03:11,050
So for now, until any
next announcement,

88
00:03:11,050 --> 00:03:13,029
we will join or very soon.

89
00:03:13,029 --> 00:03:15,429
And whatever you need,

90
00:03:15,429 --> 00:03:17,469
whatever concerns
you may have,

91
00:03:17,469 --> 00:03:19,360
I want you to
feel comfortable

92
00:03:19,360 --> 00:03:21,355
to contact me, e-mail me.

93
00:03:21,355 --> 00:03:22,660
It's a challenging
process,

94
00:03:22,660 --> 00:03:23,890
but we're going to
go through that.

95
00:03:23,890 --> 00:03:27,984
Okay. Any questions?

96
00:03:27,984 --> 00:03:31,789
Any concerns, anything
you want to share?

97
00:03:35,010 --> 00:03:37,570
I see some thumbs up.

98
00:03:37,570 --> 00:03:38,440
Cool.

99
00:03:38,440 --> 00:03:40,089
That makes me but it okay.

100
00:03:40,089 --> 00:03:44,709
Cool. So if no questions,

101
00:03:44,709 --> 00:03:46,929
so no Coleman saw

102
00:03:46,929 --> 00:03:49,300
no screaming or
yelling at me.

103
00:03:49,300 --> 00:03:52,390
I survived there.
Okay. So let's see,

104
00:03:52,390 --> 00:03:54,370
Let's start what we
discussed last time.

105
00:03:54,370 --> 00:03:55,269
Cards.

106
00:03:55,269 --> 00:03:57,084
Actually, before
I say that,

107
00:03:57,084 --> 00:03:58,570
guys, if you want

108
00:03:58,570 --> 00:04:00,654
to come out of that
would be great.

109
00:04:00,654 --> 00:04:02,829
If not, it's also gay,

110
00:04:02,829 --> 00:04:04,720
but it would be
great if you can put

111
00:04:04,720 --> 00:04:06,654
a photo of yourself,
your name.

112
00:04:06,654 --> 00:04:13,330
So at least I know to
call my dog. Okay.

113
00:04:13,330 --> 00:04:14,560
A gene.

114
00:04:14,560 --> 00:04:15,639
What is a Piazza?

115
00:04:15,639 --> 00:04:18,349
It's like a forum
type of thing.

116
00:04:20,580 --> 00:04:22,719
You can turn on your

117
00:04:22,719 --> 00:04:24,355
microphone and talk to us.

118
00:04:24,355 --> 00:04:25,884
Oh, you said? Okay.

119
00:04:25,884 --> 00:04:26,845
Yeah.

120
00:04:26,845 --> 00:04:29,275
Is it like a forum
type of thing,

121
00:04:29,275 --> 00:04:31,730
guys? Does anyone know?

122
00:04:32,640 --> 00:04:33,915
Yeah.

123
00:04:33,915 --> 00:04:35,335
The discussion board.

124
00:04:35,335 --> 00:04:41,889
The discussion
board. To be honest,

125
00:04:41,889 --> 00:04:43,825
I haven't used
it in the past.

126
00:04:43,825 --> 00:04:45,999
Due or other
instructors here at

127
00:04:45,999 --> 00:04:49,039
the department use
that for you guys.

128
00:04:50,400 --> 00:04:53,020
It's pretty common
in computer science.

129
00:04:53,020 --> 00:04:54,750
I don't know about you.

130
00:04:54,750 --> 00:04:56,690
In computer science
are different means is

131
00:04:56,690 --> 00:04:59,119
that for most classes,

132
00:04:59,119 --> 00:05:03,289
I see, to be honest hook,

133
00:05:03,289 --> 00:05:05,974
I don't know if we
are using it here.

134
00:05:05,974 --> 00:05:07,609
Did you feel
like they need

135
00:05:07,609 --> 00:05:08,960
of having a forum today?

136
00:05:08,960 --> 00:05:11,029
I know that you have
that Discord server

137
00:05:11,029 --> 00:05:12,815
that you had to
change opinions.

138
00:05:12,815 --> 00:05:15,080
So do you think that
math would be OJ?

139
00:05:15,080 --> 00:05:16,639
Did you want something

140
00:05:16,639 --> 00:05:21,080
else or water and

141
00:05:21,080 --> 00:05:23,000
thank you so much
for them to stop.

142
00:05:23,000 --> 00:05:24,410
But that's okay
if you want

143
00:05:24,410 --> 00:05:25,489
me to create a forum,

144
00:05:25,489 --> 00:05:27,440
I think that UNM Learn has

145
00:05:27,440 --> 00:05:30,679
something like a platform
where you can chat.

146
00:05:30,679 --> 00:05:33,545
I don't know, opinions.

147
00:05:33,545 --> 00:05:36,664
Anyone that wants to
raise his head voice.

148
00:05:36,664 --> 00:05:39,680
We can also
create a Discord.

149
00:05:39,680 --> 00:05:41,480
I think the theory have

150
00:05:41,480 --> 00:05:44,134
a discord channel
for this course.

151
00:05:44,134 --> 00:05:48,719
Yeah, on the ECE has
a discord channel.

152
00:05:48,850 --> 00:05:53,195
But canvas CS2
then join that.

153
00:05:53,195 --> 00:05:55,985
I can ask one of
the admins to

154
00:05:55,985 --> 00:05:58,670
send me a link and send
it out to the class?

155
00:05:58,670 --> 00:06:00,799
Yeah, that would be fine.

156
00:06:00,799 --> 00:06:02,390
I mean, I'm not
monitoring guys.

157
00:06:02,390 --> 00:06:03,979
What do you say
that you got?

158
00:06:03,979 --> 00:06:05,690
You can say all
the above goal.

159
00:06:05,690 --> 00:06:07,100
It's about me. I'm
not diluting out

160
00:06:07,100 --> 00:06:09,500
the Zen it out.

161
00:06:09,500 --> 00:06:11,479
I'm pretty yeah,
somebody or

162
00:06:11,479 --> 00:06:13,475
a Julia told that
on the chat.

163
00:06:13,475 --> 00:06:15,724
I mean, you can
always email me.

164
00:06:15,724 --> 00:06:17,660
I mean, however,

165
00:06:17,660 --> 00:06:19,805
this communication is
just directly to me.

166
00:06:19,805 --> 00:06:21,740
You want to discuss
among each other.

167
00:06:21,740 --> 00:06:23,570
In general, I
want you to feel

168
00:06:23,570 --> 00:06:25,504
comfortable anytime
send me an email.

169
00:06:25,504 --> 00:06:28,745
I'm I'm I'm really
good with my e-mails.

170
00:06:28,745 --> 00:06:30,110
And again, let's see

171
00:06:30,110 --> 00:06:32,030
how come the first
lectures go.

172
00:06:32,030 --> 00:06:34,669
And if you feel that
that meat comes up,

173
00:06:34,669 --> 00:06:37,085
I wanted to do,
let me know.

174
00:06:37,085 --> 00:06:40,279
Blah, blah, blah
up and thumbs up.

175
00:06:40,279 --> 00:06:41,555
I'm sorry.

176
00:06:41,555 --> 00:06:43,490
If I missed it. Did
you say that you found

177
00:06:43,490 --> 00:06:46,160
a new room or you did
not find a new row.

178
00:06:46,160 --> 00:06:49,939
We've found a noodle
that parallel Hall.

179
00:06:49,939 --> 00:06:51,905
I need to go check
the equipment

180
00:06:51,905 --> 00:06:53,659
for sure it doesn't
have a microphone,

181
00:06:53,659 --> 00:06:56,240
so we need to order
that a microphone.

182
00:06:56,240 --> 00:06:58,939
And we need to take

183
00:06:58,939 --> 00:07:00,424
a parking permit because I

184
00:07:00,424 --> 00:07:02,599
teach and I adopted here.

185
00:07:02,599 --> 00:07:08,900
So, you know, it's
they should practical.

186
00:07:08,900 --> 00:07:11,044
So it will take
us a little bit.

187
00:07:11,044 --> 00:07:13,805
For now, we keep the
Zoom as soon as we

188
00:07:13,805 --> 00:07:15,109
find the solution about

189
00:07:15,109 --> 00:07:16,684
the steady and stable,

190
00:07:16,684 --> 00:07:19,079
what we'll move
over there.

191
00:07:19,120 --> 00:07:21,874
Felt good. Good.

192
00:07:21,874 --> 00:07:24,720
Any other comments, guys?

193
00:07:28,480 --> 00:07:31,024
Okay, So if there are

194
00:07:31,024 --> 00:07:33,860
no other governments in

195
00:07:33,860 --> 00:07:34,714
general and in order to

196
00:07:34,714 --> 00:07:36,320
survive now on the x2,

197
00:07:36,320 --> 00:07:37,909
whenever I ask a question,

198
00:07:37,909 --> 00:07:38,900
I would appreciate if

199
00:07:38,900 --> 00:07:39,919
you raise you
got caught that

200
00:07:39,919 --> 00:07:42,274
so please try
to be active.

201
00:07:42,274 --> 00:07:43,745
If not, I'm going to pick

202
00:07:43,745 --> 00:07:46,009
one of us started
asking questions.

203
00:07:46,009 --> 00:07:49,890
So what we discussed
last time,

204
00:07:51,190 --> 00:07:54,800
the devices that
are connected to

205
00:07:54,800 --> 00:07:56,315
the Internet and
the protocols

206
00:07:56,315 --> 00:07:57,440
that they have.

207
00:07:57,440 --> 00:07:59,720
Three, the EEC, yuck,

208
00:07:59,720 --> 00:08:03,589
Isaac, Isaac,
Isaac, Isaac.

209
00:08:03,589 --> 00:08:06,200
I like the concept
of democracy.

210
00:08:06,200 --> 00:08:07,849
I'd like raising
our hands because

211
00:08:07,849 --> 00:08:10,489
otherwise it would
be a mess here.

212
00:08:10,489 --> 00:08:12,079
But gosh, yet then

213
00:08:12,079 --> 00:08:14,615
telescopes we
discussed last time.

214
00:08:14,615 --> 00:08:16,685
Sorry about that.

215
00:08:16,685 --> 00:08:19,820
We that we have
like we tend to

216
00:08:19,820 --> 00:08:21,590
discuss like the devices

217
00:08:21,590 --> 00:08:23,164
that are connected
to the internet,

218
00:08:23,164 --> 00:08:25,325
protocols that they have,

219
00:08:25,325 --> 00:08:27,725
like to connect
to the Internet.

220
00:08:27,725 --> 00:08:31,200
I'm in like the
different mediums.

221
00:08:31,360 --> 00:08:34,715
Like, Okay, I give
it as a nonsense.

222
00:08:34,715 --> 00:08:36,560
I give it has an onset
and let's continue.

223
00:08:36,560 --> 00:08:38,119
What else we discussed
somebody that

224
00:08:38,119 --> 00:08:40,130
wants to add
something, Let's go.

225
00:08:40,130 --> 00:08:43,850
Cons, cons a,

226
00:08:43,850 --> 00:08:45,905
but I don't think
lumping these two onset.

227
00:08:45,905 --> 00:08:48,230
But I pressed
the wrong thing.

228
00:08:48,230 --> 00:08:51,169
That's okay. That's
okay. What else we did?

229
00:08:51,169 --> 00:08:53,749
We did like the nuts and

230
00:08:53,749 --> 00:08:56,960
bolts do like the
Internet and talk

231
00:08:56,960 --> 00:09:00,080
about the edge and
then the switching and

232
00:09:00,080 --> 00:09:05,579
the communication links
and stock prices.

233
00:09:06,220 --> 00:09:08,269
Yeah, so it's
sort of putting

234
00:09:08,269 --> 00:09:10,054
that up and give Go ahead.

235
00:09:10,054 --> 00:09:11,464
I'm Doug.

236
00:09:11,464 --> 00:09:12,425
Okay, Cool.

237
00:09:12,425 --> 00:09:14,645
Excellent. Solve.
But I am just

238
00:09:14,645 --> 00:09:15,710
gave that first definition

239
00:09:15,710 --> 00:09:17,059
that we gave to
the Internet,

240
00:09:17,059 --> 00:09:18,740
which was mainly like

241
00:09:18,740 --> 00:09:20,329
that concept of
nuts and bolts.

242
00:09:20,329 --> 00:09:21,259
So practically what

243
00:09:21,259 --> 00:09:22,219
these things actually that

244
00:09:22,219 --> 00:09:24,364
we are using in
order to define it.

245
00:09:24,364 --> 00:09:25,685
So we have the costs,

246
00:09:25,685 --> 00:09:27,514
which are devices we have.

247
00:09:27,514 --> 00:09:29,479
They, they put it

248
00:09:29,479 --> 00:09:30,785
out there. Is
it outdistance?

249
00:09:30,785 --> 00:09:32,720
Citizen wake up the
communications,

250
00:09:32,720 --> 00:09:34,790
communication links
in order to make

251
00:09:34,790 --> 00:09:36,019
them that act
amongst others

252
00:09:36,019 --> 00:09:37,144
and exchange information.

253
00:09:37,144 --> 00:09:39,959
Good. What else
we discussed?

254
00:09:40,210 --> 00:09:42,170
I think or is there

255
00:09:42,170 --> 00:09:43,459
somebody in the
waiting room?

256
00:09:43,459 --> 00:09:44,989
I guess I'm getting
parents versus

257
00:09:44,989 --> 00:09:46,985
about people not
emo, goodness.

258
00:09:46,985 --> 00:09:49,340
I don't know. We don't
have a waiting room.

259
00:09:49,340 --> 00:09:50,600
Everyone should be able to

260
00:09:50,600 --> 00:09:52,429
login with their
UNM account.

261
00:09:52,429 --> 00:09:54,965
Our core let me
pay me a second.

262
00:09:54,965 --> 00:09:56,824
Sorry. Okay.

263
00:09:56,824 --> 00:09:58,940
Okay. Diane, do you
want to go next?

264
00:09:58,940 --> 00:10:00,455
What else we discussed?

265
00:10:00,455 --> 00:10:02,059
We talked about the

266
00:10:02,059 --> 00:10:04,534
access network
and the core.

267
00:10:04,534 --> 00:10:06,800
So I pick the
access was like

268
00:10:06,800 --> 00:10:09,920
the edge devices
that are one hop to

269
00:10:09,920 --> 00:10:12,094
a router and then the core

270
00:10:12,094 --> 00:10:15,154
routers, routers,
routers switches.

271
00:10:15,154 --> 00:10:18,230
Excellent, excellent,
and excellent.

272
00:10:18,230 --> 00:10:19,309
And as I seen that

273
00:10:19,309 --> 00:10:22,430
taught the same mindset

274
00:10:22,430 --> 00:10:23,600
about the access network,

275
00:10:23,600 --> 00:10:25,145
then we also
discussed that

276
00:10:25,145 --> 00:10:27,890
they gave me access
and that DSL.

277
00:10:27,890 --> 00:10:30,680
Thank you. Yeah. And let's

278
00:10:30,680 --> 00:10:32,510
see what else
we discussed.

279
00:10:32,510 --> 00:10:38,739
Hands. Excellent
delay through boot.

280
00:10:38,739 --> 00:10:40,179
So we defined what these

281
00:10:40,179 --> 00:10:41,754
are through mood
and how we can

282
00:10:41,754 --> 00:10:43,930
calculate that the
transmission delay

283
00:10:43,930 --> 00:10:45,175
to be specific.

284
00:10:45,175 --> 00:10:46,840
And what they highlight it

285
00:10:46,840 --> 00:10:48,519
doesn't somebody
tell me we

286
00:10:48,519 --> 00:10:50,515
have what is a
difference between

287
00:10:50,515 --> 00:10:52,900
the transmission
delay and say,

288
00:10:52,900 --> 00:10:58,610
and they
propagation delay?

289
00:11:00,810 --> 00:11:05,019
Transmission delay
is due to dance me.

290
00:11:05,019 --> 00:11:06,370
Yes. Yes.

291
00:11:06,370 --> 00:11:07,390
I, I, I would

292
00:11:07,390 --> 00:11:08,920
appreciate very
much your onset,

293
00:11:08,920 --> 00:11:09,774
but I would appreciate

294
00:11:09,774 --> 00:11:10,989
next time using your time.

295
00:11:10,989 --> 00:11:12,309
Go ahead.

296
00:11:12,309 --> 00:11:14,440
I'm sorry. That's okay.

297
00:11:14,440 --> 00:11:17,699
Go ahead. Transmission
delays to transmit.

298
00:11:17,699 --> 00:11:21,050
The fine, do the group,

299
00:11:21,050 --> 00:11:23,464
I guess in the
communication link.

300
00:11:23,464 --> 00:11:26,270
And the propagation
delay is that after

301
00:11:26,270 --> 00:11:29,540
the news beggars and
put into the butt,

302
00:11:29,540 --> 00:11:33,379
do the ANOVA to be
excellent, excellent.

303
00:11:33,379 --> 00:11:34,910
So let me repeat
a little bit.

304
00:11:34,910 --> 00:11:36,935
We thought that hotspot
that I've just said.

305
00:11:36,935 --> 00:11:38,779
But actually the
transmission delay

306
00:11:38,779 --> 00:11:40,219
is that the a that you

307
00:11:40,219 --> 00:11:43,339
experience as a bucket in

308
00:11:43,339 --> 00:11:44,900
order that bucket to

309
00:11:44,900 --> 00:11:45,889
get out from that

310
00:11:45,889 --> 00:11:47,104
out then all of
their streets.

311
00:11:47,104 --> 00:11:49,220
While the
propagation delay is

312
00:11:49,220 --> 00:11:51,709
the delay in order
to get data to be

313
00:11:51,709 --> 00:11:53,944
transferred over the
communication link

314
00:11:53,944 --> 00:11:57,080
from that sent back
to the destination.

315
00:11:57,080 --> 00:11:59,330
I'll get good. And I
think I've more or less,

316
00:11:59,330 --> 00:12:02,495
that's what we
discussed. Okay.

317
00:12:02,495 --> 00:12:03,349
I have a question.

318
00:12:03,349 --> 00:12:09,290
If we have a bucket of
size, I don't know,

319
00:12:09,290 --> 00:12:11,930
1000 beats and I
have a date that

320
00:12:11,930 --> 00:12:15,365
eight that these ten
beats per second,

321
00:12:15,365 --> 00:12:16,580
can somebody tell me the

322
00:12:16,580 --> 00:12:17,690
time that it will take,

323
00:12:17,690 --> 00:12:20,009
you know, that will
be propagated.

324
00:12:20,590 --> 00:12:23,450
Gosh, hit easy, ease is

325
00:12:23,450 --> 00:12:27,665
Isaac gum 100 seconds.

326
00:12:27,665 --> 00:12:28,684
Good.

327
00:12:28,684 --> 00:12:30,200
Good guys.

328
00:12:30,200 --> 00:12:31,969
I love the fact

329
00:12:31,969 --> 00:12:33,934
that you have such a
great relief for me

330
00:12:33,934 --> 00:12:35,435
that I can I can check

331
00:12:35,435 --> 00:12:36,680
the monitor with
all of you in

332
00:12:36,680 --> 00:12:37,760
the top of the same time,

333
00:12:37,760 --> 00:12:40,504
I think at the same time
and make questions.

334
00:12:40,504 --> 00:12:41,540
I mean, it would be

335
00:12:41,540 --> 00:12:42,634
great if we're
going to use

336
00:12:42,634 --> 00:12:45,199
if it's on or you can
use a microphone.

337
00:12:45,199 --> 00:12:46,370
Okay. Cool.

338
00:12:46,370 --> 00:12:47,660
Cool. Is there
any question

339
00:12:47,660 --> 00:12:50,130
on what we discussed
last time?

340
00:12:52,660 --> 00:12:56,660
Okay. Let me oh,
there is a question.

341
00:12:56,660 --> 00:12:58,369
I saw a hand go Gosh,

342
00:12:58,369 --> 00:13:01,519
had Michael can
you hear me?

343
00:13:01,519 --> 00:13:03,169
Week on. Okay.

344
00:13:03,169 --> 00:13:06,289
What is called
hyper transmission

345
00:13:06,289 --> 00:13:07,520
ray and then it was

346
00:13:07,520 --> 00:13:10,560
bit per transmission
rate with her.

347
00:13:11,860 --> 00:13:14,269
Then transmission
and eight,

348
00:13:14,269 --> 00:13:17,120
it's defined as
bits per second.

349
00:13:17,120 --> 00:13:20,599
And it's called
transmission rate

350
00:13:20,599 --> 00:13:22,175
was to help the
question now

351
00:13:22,175 --> 00:13:23,504
than we were then
we looked at.

352
00:13:23,504 --> 00:13:24,770
So pronouncing it was like

353
00:13:24,770 --> 00:13:26,915
bits per
transmission rate.

354
00:13:26,915 --> 00:13:29,629
Is that like the
propagation delay or no,

355
00:13:29,629 --> 00:13:30,949
That's the
transmission delay.

356
00:13:30,949 --> 00:13:32,419
That's the
transmission delay.

357
00:13:32,419 --> 00:13:33,935
Transmission delay. Okay.

358
00:13:33,935 --> 00:13:35,580
Big hood.

359
00:13:35,980 --> 00:13:38,344
There is a question that's

360
00:13:38,344 --> 00:13:40,819
from length overnight.

361
00:13:40,819 --> 00:13:44,599
Yeah, that's right.
You pronounce good.

362
00:13:44,599 --> 00:13:49,760
Made me more.

363
00:13:49,760 --> 00:13:53,490
Yeah. Okay. Cool. Is
that any other question?

364
00:13:54,670 --> 00:13:59,780
Okay. Let me candy
a little bit here.

365
00:13:59,780 --> 00:14:03,780
The share screen.
1 second.

366
00:14:05,410 --> 00:14:09,679
Oops, sorry. Let's see.

367
00:14:09,679 --> 00:14:12,000
Sorry guys, 1 second.

368
00:14:32,550 --> 00:14:34,614
Cool. Here you go.

369
00:14:34,614 --> 00:14:37,959
Can someone confirm that
you see the slides?

370
00:14:37,959 --> 00:14:39,460
Good.

371
00:14:39,460 --> 00:14:41,514
I see some
thumbs up. Okay.

372
00:14:41,514 --> 00:14:43,779
Let me make sure that
I pull up your chat.

373
00:14:43,779 --> 00:14:45,025
Okay. Everything is here.

374
00:14:45,025 --> 00:14:47,500
Cool. Okay, So we
will continue from

375
00:14:47,500 --> 00:14:50,785
the oil that we
stopped last time.

376
00:14:50,785 --> 00:14:52,195
If I find it here we are.

377
00:14:52,195 --> 00:14:54,040
Okay, so the next

378
00:14:54,040 --> 00:14:55,419
thing that I'm
going to discuss,

379
00:14:55,419 --> 00:14:57,249
it's practically what are

380
00:14:57,249 --> 00:14:59,139
the physical media that we

381
00:14:59,139 --> 00:15:01,180
are using in order to
create communication?

382
00:15:01,180 --> 00:15:02,530
Being said, be noted
that the crop,

383
00:15:02,530 --> 00:15:04,750
our data transmitted from

384
00:15:04,750 --> 00:15:06,219
a scent that lady save it.

385
00:15:06,219 --> 00:15:09,214
And based on our,
in this lecture,

386
00:15:09,214 --> 00:15:10,460
I think it is clear that

387
00:15:10,460 --> 00:15:11,750
we have two
different types

388
00:15:11,750 --> 00:15:14,764
of a physical media.

389
00:15:14,764 --> 00:15:16,294
They want any hands.

390
00:15:16,294 --> 00:15:19,079
Well then those two
different types

391
00:15:21,490 --> 00:15:27,065
is OK. We have
wireless and wire.

392
00:15:27,065 --> 00:15:27,890
Excellent.

393
00:15:27,890 --> 00:15:29,299
Thank you. So we have

394
00:15:29,299 --> 00:15:31,369
those two main
categories of

395
00:15:31,369 --> 00:15:33,994
physical media in order
to transmit our data.

396
00:15:33,994 --> 00:15:35,540
So let's see what when I

397
00:15:35,540 --> 00:15:37,009
say transmit our data.

398
00:15:37,009 --> 00:15:38,149
Our data are reflected

399
00:15:38,149 --> 00:15:39,500
with beads and the
beads are being

400
00:15:39,500 --> 00:15:41,960
propagated over the
communication link

401
00:15:41,960 --> 00:15:43,460
from the scent they do,

402
00:15:43,460 --> 00:15:45,140
they receive it, and then

403
00:15:45,140 --> 00:15:47,360
they travel over without
physically Inc.,

404
00:15:47,360 --> 00:15:48,949
which sounds this
ox said it can

405
00:15:48,949 --> 00:15:50,790
be either wired
or wireless.

406
00:15:50,790 --> 00:15:52,119
And when we discuss

407
00:15:52,119 --> 00:15:55,194
about why
communication links,

408
00:15:55,194 --> 00:15:57,040
we can have
different types of

409
00:15:57,040 --> 00:15:58,120
wired communication

410
00:15:58,120 --> 00:15:59,350
links like the whole pair,

411
00:15:59,350 --> 00:16:01,915
that five-minute
Box Yao gables.

412
00:16:01,915 --> 00:16:03,639
And when we discuss about

413
00:16:03,639 --> 00:16:05,499
wireless communication
links or

414
00:16:05,499 --> 00:16:09,019
otherwise called
unguided media,

415
00:16:09,030 --> 00:16:13,344
our signals are being
propagated over there.

416
00:16:13,344 --> 00:16:17,319
When I say there with
a very general set,

417
00:16:17,319 --> 00:16:18,850
I mean,
understanding, you've

418
00:16:18,850 --> 00:16:20,425
got to think
about, you know,

419
00:16:20,425 --> 00:16:22,509
the cellular communications
that we have,

420
00:16:22,509 --> 00:16:24,309
the base station
and they uses,

421
00:16:24,309 --> 00:16:25,974
you can think
of the Wi-Fi,

422
00:16:25,974 --> 00:16:28,030
you can single for
satellite communication.

423
00:16:28,030 --> 00:16:32,090
All of those are
unguided media. And.

424
00:16:32,470 --> 00:16:35,809
Guys to see my laser, boy.

425
00:16:35,809 --> 00:16:38,210
Good. Somebody
made a comment

426
00:16:38,210 --> 00:16:40,130
for that the last
time and now I know.

427
00:16:40,130 --> 00:16:40,984
Okay, cool.

428
00:16:40,984 --> 00:16:42,979
So let's start seeing
different types

429
00:16:42,979 --> 00:16:45,560
of physical media outlets.

430
00:16:45,560 --> 00:16:47,509
Started with a
why to gluons.

431
00:16:47,509 --> 00:16:49,159
Because there we have

432
00:16:49,159 --> 00:16:51,845
great modality themselves,
their choices.

433
00:16:51,845 --> 00:16:54,215
So we can't have that
listed bandwidth.

434
00:16:54,215 --> 00:16:56,360
Practically what it
is is that, I mean,

435
00:16:56,360 --> 00:16:59,659
it consist by do insulated
copper wires and

436
00:16:59,659 --> 00:17:00,785
then we have

437
00:17:00,785 --> 00:17:03,275
different categories
of twisted pair.

438
00:17:03,275 --> 00:17:04,670
And those different
that they

439
00:17:04,670 --> 00:17:06,560
got is practically reflect

440
00:17:06,560 --> 00:17:07,939
the capacity of

441
00:17:07,939 --> 00:17:10,085
the communication
link in themselves.

442
00:17:10,085 --> 00:17:11,990
Calm at how many
data they can

443
00:17:11,990 --> 00:17:14,479
transmit over to
that wide me deal.

444
00:17:14,479 --> 00:17:16,010
So baseline and
the different

445
00:17:16,010 --> 00:17:17,675
categories that we felt,

446
00:17:17,675 --> 00:17:20,044
we can achieve different

447
00:17:20,044 --> 00:17:23,269
transmission rates
or otherwise,

448
00:17:23,269 --> 00:17:25,069
you will listen to that as

449
00:17:25,069 --> 00:17:27,334
the capacity of the
communication, meaning,

450
00:17:27,334 --> 00:17:29,000
meaning how many bits per

451
00:17:29,000 --> 00:17:32,329
second parabola will
ever meet you saw,

452
00:17:32,329 --> 00:17:33,770
and I'm British
sure that you have

453
00:17:33,770 --> 00:17:35,630
seen those gables before.

454
00:17:35,630 --> 00:17:38,239
So and then another type

455
00:17:38,239 --> 00:17:40,190
that we have for
the wired mediates,

456
00:17:40,190 --> 00:17:42,650
the coaxial cable
where practically it

457
00:17:42,650 --> 00:17:45,919
consists by do concentric
corporate conduct.

458
00:17:45,919 --> 00:17:48,260
Those there bet
main benefit of

459
00:17:48,260 --> 00:17:49,440
the guard gate believe

460
00:17:49,440 --> 00:17:50,929
that these bi directional.

461
00:17:50,929 --> 00:17:54,364
So you can also transmit
uplink and downlink,

462
00:17:54,364 --> 00:17:55,699
so they receive it and at

463
00:17:55,699 --> 00:17:57,665
the end they're the same.

464
00:17:57,665 --> 00:17:59,194
Stephen. They can transmit

465
00:17:59,194 --> 00:18:01,369
simultaneously
and data can be

466
00:18:01,369 --> 00:18:03,635
transferred over to
the gotcha Gabriel

467
00:18:03,635 --> 00:18:05,690
in both directions.

468
00:18:05,690 --> 00:18:07,790
And it is mainly

469
00:18:07,790 --> 00:18:10,249
used for broadband
communication,

470
00:18:10,249 --> 00:18:12,035
but outbound
communication means

471
00:18:12,035 --> 00:18:13,429
everyone place
to communicate

472
00:18:13,429 --> 00:18:14,750
with everyone that is on

473
00:18:14,750 --> 00:18:16,820
is that they are
bidirectional,

474
00:18:16,820 --> 00:18:19,279
so that probably
helps a lot.

475
00:18:19,279 --> 00:18:22,009
And they, we can support

476
00:18:22,009 --> 00:18:24,139
different frequency
channels within

477
00:18:24,139 --> 00:18:25,790
the same Gabriel and

478
00:18:25,790 --> 00:18:28,385
the different frequency
channels based on

479
00:18:28,385 --> 00:18:32,360
what very fast
discussed last time,

480
00:18:32,360 --> 00:18:34,309
means that we can allocate

481
00:18:34,309 --> 00:18:36,859
a different frequency
Tsarnaev to each user.

482
00:18:36,859 --> 00:18:38,630
And then we can
support a lot of

483
00:18:38,630 --> 00:18:41,235
communication
link and die.

484
00:18:41,235 --> 00:18:44,584
And the partial
candidates up to,

485
00:18:44,584 --> 00:18:46,160
I mean order of
magnitude of

486
00:18:46,160 --> 00:18:48,379
one candidate
megabits per second.

487
00:18:48,379 --> 00:18:50,780
It needs
communication channel

488
00:18:50,780 --> 00:18:53,959
at the frequency of
the coaxial cable.

489
00:18:53,959 --> 00:18:56,690
And then edit and even,

490
00:18:56,690 --> 00:18:57,845
let's call it a bed there,

491
00:18:57,845 --> 00:18:59,629
gable in terms
of capacity,

492
00:18:59,629 --> 00:19:01,699
it's the fiber
optic cable,

493
00:19:01,699 --> 00:19:04,085
which practically,
I mean, it,

494
00:19:04,085 --> 00:19:06,725
it, it's constructed
by glass fiber.

495
00:19:06,725 --> 00:19:08,299
And what it does is

496
00:19:08,299 --> 00:19:09,725
that the signal
propagates.

497
00:19:09,725 --> 00:19:11,794
We think about
glass fiber.

498
00:19:11,794 --> 00:19:14,615
And we got, with the
fiber communication,

499
00:19:14,615 --> 00:19:17,809
we can achieve
very high speed

500
00:19:17,809 --> 00:19:19,865
from the sender
to receiver.

501
00:19:19,865 --> 00:19:22,639
And usually the
fiber and 16

502
00:19:22,639 --> 00:19:26,014
fiber communication
aids in 16 net gods,

503
00:19:26,014 --> 00:19:28,310
they are used in
the last quote

504
00:19:28,310 --> 00:19:31,894
from their
internet access,

505
00:19:31,894 --> 00:19:34,639
sort of integrate the
taxes and bug fault

506
00:19:34,639 --> 00:19:37,309
Danone to connect to
that caught Internet.

507
00:19:37,309 --> 00:19:38,450
So it's like in

508
00:19:38,450 --> 00:19:40,580
the last hop
communication to get

509
00:19:40,580 --> 00:19:42,320
connected from
whatever comes from

510
00:19:42,320 --> 00:19:44,855
the access to that
backbone met God.

511
00:19:44,855 --> 00:19:47,495
But Bernard backfill saw

512
00:19:47,495 --> 00:19:50,150
the main benefit now of

513
00:19:50,150 --> 00:19:52,309
the fiber optic cable
is I can achieve

514
00:19:52,309 --> 00:19:55,580
really low error rate
that is on these white,

515
00:19:55,580 --> 00:19:57,110
let's call it isolated

516
00:19:57,110 --> 00:19:58,430
from the outside world.

517
00:19:58,430 --> 00:20:00,244
So I like compared

518
00:20:00,244 --> 00:20:02,449
to their wireless
communication,

519
00:20:02,449 --> 00:20:04,550
when you have higher rate,

520
00:20:04,550 --> 00:20:05,029
when you're

521
00:20:05,029 --> 00:20:07,655
transmitting
wirelessly your beads,

522
00:20:07,655 --> 00:20:09,424
many things can go wrong.

523
00:20:09,424 --> 00:20:10,580
You do noise,
you're doing,

524
00:20:10,580 --> 00:20:13,190
then Firenze, you the
different things.

525
00:20:13,190 --> 00:20:16,100
So in their Fiber,

526
00:20:16,100 --> 00:20:17,749
One second ball
I'll come to you.

527
00:20:17,749 --> 00:20:20,209
So in the fiber
optic cable regard,

528
00:20:20,209 --> 00:20:22,310
but one main
benefit is that we

529
00:20:22,310 --> 00:20:24,755
can achieve really
low bit error rate,

530
00:20:24,755 --> 00:20:27,334
meaning that we need an

531
00:20:27,334 --> 00:20:31,160
area at a lower number
of repeat this in

532
00:20:31,160 --> 00:20:35,060
order do they do
to avoid errors it

533
00:20:35,060 --> 00:20:37,550
during the
transmission and

534
00:20:37,550 --> 00:20:38,989
also giving other five,

535
00:20:38,989 --> 00:20:40,940
but it's quite isolated

536
00:20:40,940 --> 00:20:42,485
from the outside world.

537
00:20:42,485 --> 00:20:43,730
We don't care. We have

538
00:20:43,730 --> 00:20:47,069
very low
electromagnetic noise.

539
00:20:51,810 --> 00:20:56,829
Now, are you saying like
backbone back wall,

540
00:20:56,829 --> 00:21:00,444
like WHO or back or
like age A-U-R-A-L.

541
00:21:00,444 --> 00:21:05,469
He saw let me not
not about cobe saw.

542
00:21:05,469 --> 00:21:07,720
We have the access
network and

543
00:21:07,720 --> 00:21:12,500
then we have the bar
called communication.

544
00:21:13,530 --> 00:21:16,569
Well, you're going to

545
00:21:16,569 --> 00:21:18,489
see red on the
SART solely,

546
00:21:18,489 --> 00:21:21,310
which I don't deny it
to everyone. Sorry.

547
00:21:21,310 --> 00:21:22,389
Guys.

548
00:21:22,389 --> 00:21:24,430
Don't send you personal

549
00:21:24,430 --> 00:21:27,160
access network
and backhaul.

550
00:21:27,160 --> 00:21:28,434
Thank you, Diane.

551
00:21:28,434 --> 00:21:31,449
And practicality
that back for it.

552
00:21:31,449 --> 00:21:33,285
It connects what we said.

553
00:21:33,285 --> 00:21:36,110
That out this and
the switches you

554
00:21:36,110 --> 00:21:39,724
can listen to that
also has this.

555
00:21:39,724 --> 00:21:42,979
They are crystal clear.

556
00:21:42,979 --> 00:21:44,120
Thank you very much.

557
00:21:44,120 --> 00:21:47,370
Thank you. Cool. Any
other questions so far?

558
00:21:48,340 --> 00:21:50,699
Good.

559
00:21:51,430 --> 00:21:53,689
Okay. So that's

560
00:21:53,689 --> 00:21:55,579
about the wired
communication,

561
00:21:55,579 --> 00:21:57,529
moving to the wireless
communication

562
00:21:57,529 --> 00:21:59,345
now there may be
room is there.

563
00:21:59,345 --> 00:22:01,010
So our signal, It's

564
00:22:01,010 --> 00:22:03,289
carried in the
electromagnetic spectrum,

565
00:22:03,289 --> 00:22:05,240
this spectrum,
remember, it's

566
00:22:05,240 --> 00:22:08,240
a very limited resource
in the United States.

567
00:22:08,240 --> 00:22:10,549
Saw located by FCC,

568
00:22:10,549 --> 00:22:13,039
the auctions to a,

569
00:22:13,039 --> 00:22:14,674
to the service providers.

570
00:22:14,674 --> 00:22:17,389
So we wired
connection anymore,

571
00:22:17,389 --> 00:22:20,074
our signal just
propagates over there.

572
00:22:20,074 --> 00:22:21,875
However, during
the propagation,

573
00:22:21,875 --> 00:22:23,990
several things
can go wrong.

574
00:22:23,990 --> 00:22:27,050
And when I say several
things can go wrong,

575
00:22:27,050 --> 00:22:28,684
we can have
several phenomena

576
00:22:28,684 --> 00:22:29,975
like the reflections,

577
00:22:29,975 --> 00:22:31,849
they obstruction
of the different,

578
00:22:31,849 --> 00:22:34,009
by the different
objects and

579
00:22:34,009 --> 00:22:35,660
interference from
that transmission

580
00:22:35,660 --> 00:22:36,934
so far that it uses.

581
00:22:36,934 --> 00:22:40,114
So in that case
also you understand

582
00:22:40,114 --> 00:22:44,060
what what let's say.

583
00:22:44,060 --> 00:22:46,039
Okay, let me ask
that. When I

584
00:22:46,039 --> 00:22:48,080
experienced
high audio bit,

585
00:22:48,080 --> 00:22:49,534
they donate in
the wireless

586
00:22:49,534 --> 00:22:51,274
communications question,

587
00:22:51,274 --> 00:22:53,040
enhance.

588
00:22:57,910 --> 00:23:00,169
Paul of our countries from

589
00:23:00,169 --> 00:23:02,030
the previous
question or you

590
00:23:02,030 --> 00:23:03,665
want to answer or

591
00:23:03,665 --> 00:23:05,615
can you repeat the
question anyway?

592
00:23:05,615 --> 00:23:07,129
Yeah, I kinda repeat it.

593
00:23:07,129 --> 00:23:08,690
Let let let let's pick

594
00:23:08,690 --> 00:23:10,759
someone loves
him here today.

595
00:23:10,759 --> 00:23:11,990
Be the brave
who aren't due

596
00:23:11,990 --> 00:23:14,000
to break the ice, please.

597
00:23:14,000 --> 00:23:16,429
Okay, So the bit
error rate than

598
00:23:16,429 --> 00:23:18,380
a in the wireless
communications,

599
00:23:18,380 --> 00:23:21,240
I'm expecting it
to be low or high.

600
00:23:21,610 --> 00:23:24,410
Probably high, high as

601
00:23:24,410 --> 00:23:26,480
compared to the wild
communications.

602
00:23:26,480 --> 00:23:29,615
Do I expect to be
higher or lower?

603
00:23:29,615 --> 00:23:30,709
Higher?

604
00:23:30,709 --> 00:23:33,750
Do you want to give
any justification?

605
00:23:34,390 --> 00:23:36,980
There's more
of a chance of

606
00:23:36,980 --> 00:23:40,470
signals colliding
with each other.

607
00:23:41,100 --> 00:23:44,844
I'm not sure exactly,
but that's okay.

608
00:23:44,844 --> 00:23:47,050
So I think what you
said when you take

609
00:23:47,050 --> 00:23:49,330
off work, when
you said that,

610
00:23:49,330 --> 00:23:50,724
you mean practically when

611
00:23:50,724 --> 00:23:52,915
when multiple
users transmit,

612
00:23:52,915 --> 00:23:56,020
I call them users, you
can call them devices,

613
00:23:56,020 --> 00:23:57,609
whatever you want hosts.

614
00:23:57,609 --> 00:23:59,679
So-called us, as
already said,

615
00:23:59,679 --> 00:24:01,390
when multiple end nodes

616
00:24:01,390 --> 00:24:03,370
transmit at the same time,

617
00:24:03,370 --> 00:24:05,589
the transmission of
the one node funding

618
00:24:05,589 --> 00:24:06,759
then filled with
the transmission

619
00:24:06,759 --> 00:24:07,599
of the other ones.

620
00:24:07,599 --> 00:24:09,010
So it can create
increasing

621
00:24:09,010 --> 00:24:10,360
their environment.

622
00:24:10,360 --> 00:24:13,779
So one of the signals
are received or very

623
00:24:13,779 --> 00:24:16,105
severe given behind CNNs

624
00:24:16,105 --> 00:24:17,619
that the Golding
up they receive,

625
00:24:17,619 --> 00:24:19,120
it can be challenging.

626
00:24:19,120 --> 00:24:21,160
Meaning when I
say challenging,

627
00:24:21,160 --> 00:24:24,095
to identify with sigma
from which node.

628
00:24:24,095 --> 00:24:27,754
And we'd see is
the signal power,

629
00:24:27,754 --> 00:24:29,600
received power and what

630
00:24:29,600 --> 00:24:31,265
this ain't that
Firenze power.

631
00:24:31,265 --> 00:24:34,385
So as I said with
simple words,

632
00:24:34,385 --> 00:24:35,570
that we will have

633
00:24:35,570 --> 00:24:37,819
increase interference
for those reasons.

634
00:24:37,819 --> 00:24:38,929
So we will experience

635
00:24:38,929 --> 00:24:42,949
higher error rate
at bit error rate.

636
00:24:42,949 --> 00:24:45,800
So now they're different

637
00:24:45,800 --> 00:24:48,095
in the radio link
types that we have,

638
00:24:48,095 --> 00:24:50,120
which we tried to do,

639
00:24:50,120 --> 00:24:51,890
discuss them initially in

640
00:24:51,890 --> 00:24:53,360
our previous
lecture when we

641
00:24:53,360 --> 00:24:54,890
discuss the
access networks,

642
00:24:54,890 --> 00:24:55,819
the home netbooks,

643
00:24:55,819 --> 00:24:58,565
the institutional,

644
00:24:58,565 --> 00:25:01,655
institutional networks,
and set that up.

645
00:25:01,655 --> 00:25:03,080
So now we will focus on

646
00:25:03,080 --> 00:25:04,775
data, radio link thighs.

647
00:25:04,775 --> 00:25:08,240
We can have that ACL
microwave links,

648
00:25:08,240 --> 00:25:11,885
which they can achieve
up to 40, 50 mega bps.

649
00:25:11,885 --> 00:25:14,420
Son else, which is quite

650
00:25:14,420 --> 00:25:16,190
low nowadays,
to be honest,

651
00:25:16,190 --> 00:25:18,350
we can have the
Wi-Fi connections,

652
00:25:18,350 --> 00:25:20,104
communication links,
which they can

653
00:25:20,104 --> 00:25:22,249
achieve candidates
of mega bps.

654
00:25:22,249 --> 00:25:25,325
And then we can cover
a wide area networks,

655
00:25:25,325 --> 00:25:27,844
which practically out
the cellular networks

656
00:25:27,844 --> 00:25:30,439
where we're gonna wear

657
00:25:30,439 --> 00:25:32,750
either 40 when we're
not saving tens of

658
00:25:32,750 --> 00:25:35,899
mega bps nowadays
with 500 dice,

659
00:25:35,899 --> 00:25:37,429
does anyone have
any idea what's

660
00:25:37,429 --> 00:25:39,815
the rate that
we can achieve?

661
00:25:39,815 --> 00:25:41,579
Hands?

662
00:25:51,540 --> 00:25:54,139
What's up?

663
00:25:55,110 --> 00:25:57,849
Guys, I don't
understand it and know

664
00:25:57,849 --> 00:26:05,349
that it's of the order

665
00:26:05,349 --> 00:26:07,585
of magnitudes of
gigabits per seconds.

666
00:26:07,585 --> 00:26:09,220
Some guy here,

667
00:26:09,220 --> 00:26:11,499
do you want to
answer something?

668
00:26:11,499 --> 00:26:15,175
Just because it
can get deployed?

669
00:26:15,175 --> 00:26:16,675
I think millimeter-wave,

670
00:26:16,675 --> 00:26:19,929
20000 hours per
week awake.

671
00:26:19,929 --> 00:26:22,479
I'm invented it, the
gigabits per second.

672
00:26:22,479 --> 00:26:24,160
Okay, thank you.

673
00:26:24,160 --> 00:26:25,540
And then we have

674
00:26:25,540 --> 00:26:28,345
the satellite
communication links.

675
00:26:28,345 --> 00:26:30,340
The satellite
communication

676
00:26:30,340 --> 00:26:31,605
links the main drawBitmap,

677
00:26:31,605 --> 00:26:34,530
a prob, is a great
attenuation of the signal.

678
00:26:34,530 --> 00:26:37,519
Can somebody explain
why we experience great

679
00:26:37,519 --> 00:26:38,900
that the nation
of the signaling

680
00:26:38,900 --> 00:26:41,550
the satellite
communications.

681
00:26:45,400 --> 00:26:51,109
Joseph Gall goods.

682
00:26:51,109 --> 00:26:53,405
Because the
distance, exactly,

683
00:26:53,405 --> 00:26:55,190
It's because of the
great distance.

684
00:26:55,190 --> 00:26:56,539
Then with that
we experience

685
00:26:56,539 --> 00:26:59,540
very high attenuation of

686
00:26:59,540 --> 00:27:01,790
our signups and
we cannot save up

687
00:27:01,790 --> 00:27:04,204
to 40 or 45 megabits
per second.

688
00:27:04,204 --> 00:27:06,620
But communication channel.

689
00:27:06,620 --> 00:27:09,785
Okay, so those are the
links that we have.

690
00:27:09,785 --> 00:27:12,110
And now I want your
attention because i'll,

691
00:27:12,110 --> 00:27:13,190
I'll describe something,

692
00:27:13,190 --> 00:27:14,209
but for sure it will be in

693
00:27:14,209 --> 00:27:16,759
the exam and it's
very fundamental.

694
00:27:16,759 --> 00:27:20,240
So in order to establish
communication,

695
00:27:20,240 --> 00:27:21,965
we have two
different types

696
00:27:21,965 --> 00:27:26,300
of of establishing
the communication.

697
00:27:26,300 --> 00:27:28,639
The one it's the
packet switching bad,

698
00:27:28,639 --> 00:27:30,200
that one is the silk
with switching.

699
00:27:30,200 --> 00:27:32,329
And let's explain
the differences

700
00:27:32,329 --> 00:27:35,555
between those def,
those two methods.

701
00:27:35,555 --> 00:27:36,980
Since f is there

702
00:27:36,980 --> 00:27:38,359
a question out
of the canvas?

703
00:27:38,359 --> 00:27:40,769
Just forgotten their

704
00:27:41,230 --> 00:27:43,415
privileged privilege
and oppression.

705
00:27:43,415 --> 00:27:44,539
Okay, cool.

706
00:27:44,539 --> 00:27:47,900
Okay, so let's
explain step-by-step,

707
00:27:47,900 --> 00:27:49,129
the packet switching and

708
00:27:49,129 --> 00:27:50,569
the silk with switching.

709
00:27:50,569 --> 00:27:54,575
So the bucket sitting
what the DAS.

710
00:27:54,575 --> 00:27:56,720
Okay, before we
started analyzing

711
00:27:56,720 --> 00:27:59,015
the slide a little
bit your adventure,

712
00:27:59,015 --> 00:28:01,384
the concept of the
packet switching

713
00:28:01,384 --> 00:28:03,485
is their best
effort scenario.

714
00:28:03,485 --> 00:28:05,885
So you'll have a
communication link

715
00:28:05,885 --> 00:28:08,165
that is shared
among the users.

716
00:28:08,165 --> 00:28:10,924
And as many users
as you have,

717
00:28:10,924 --> 00:28:12,935
all of them
opportunistically

718
00:28:12,935 --> 00:28:15,754
tried to transmit
over the medial.

719
00:28:15,754 --> 00:28:19,745
Asthma understand
probabilistically.

720
00:28:19,745 --> 00:28:23,404
I will experience
a narrower a loss

721
00:28:23,404 --> 00:28:25,130
because when multiple
people are trying

722
00:28:25,130 --> 00:28:27,079
to transmit over
the same middle,

723
00:28:27,079 --> 00:28:30,005
it will happen what
I explained earlier.

724
00:28:30,005 --> 00:28:32,869
So that's the concept
of a packet switching,

725
00:28:32,869 --> 00:28:34,339
its best effort scenario.

726
00:28:34,339 --> 00:28:36,859
Either I am here,
I am selfish.

727
00:28:36,859 --> 00:28:39,199
I tried to transmit
and I tried to

728
00:28:39,199 --> 00:28:40,730
dominate the communication

729
00:28:40,730 --> 00:28:42,459
link on the island.

730
00:28:42,459 --> 00:28:44,020
Fun that simply

731
00:28:44,020 --> 00:28:46,405
switching is
completely different.

732
00:28:46,405 --> 00:28:48,864
You pay for a
communication link.

733
00:28:48,864 --> 00:28:52,074
And the communication
meaning it's yours and

734
00:28:52,074 --> 00:28:53,874
only you and only you

735
00:28:53,874 --> 00:28:56,199
transmit all heard about
communication link.

736
00:28:56,199 --> 00:28:57,820
And that's the concept

737
00:28:57,820 --> 00:28:59,229
of the simply switching.

738
00:28:59,229 --> 00:29:00,669
It's called silk with,

739
00:29:00,669 --> 00:29:02,230
because it's like, oh,

740
00:29:02,230 --> 00:29:03,625
owning yourself,

741
00:29:03,625 --> 00:29:06,010
recall silk weight
and use it all.

742
00:29:06,010 --> 00:29:06,865
You forget that you don't

743
00:29:06,865 --> 00:29:08,245
share it, it's yours.

744
00:29:08,245 --> 00:29:10,000
So now that we send

745
00:29:10,000 --> 00:29:12,084
conceptually the
fundamental difference,

746
00:29:12,084 --> 00:29:15,024
Let's see the details
of the different,

747
00:29:15,024 --> 00:29:16,450
of the difference of

748
00:29:16,450 --> 00:29:18,920
the two different
scenarios.

749
00:29:21,210 --> 00:29:22,824
Good.

750
00:29:22,824 --> 00:29:29,619
Okay, Let's so, so
the packet switching,

751
00:29:29,619 --> 00:29:31,150
what it does,
Let's say that

752
00:29:31,150 --> 00:29:32,769
we are five users here,

753
00:29:32,769 --> 00:29:35,979
okay, and we have a
communication link.

754
00:29:35,979 --> 00:29:40,225
Let's I chose
Julie, don't know,

755
00:29:40,225 --> 00:29:43,209
cause might be I don't
know why we 5 and

756
00:29:43,209 --> 00:29:44,979
myself and we data
transmitted at

757
00:29:44,979 --> 00:29:47,364
the same time over the
same communication a.

758
00:29:47,364 --> 00:29:49,299
So let's say
that I consume

759
00:29:49,299 --> 00:29:52,630
a YouTube video obligation
cause than school.

760
00:29:52,630 --> 00:29:56,590
I don't know like Skype
obligation, Donald,

761
00:29:56,590 --> 00:29:58,239
sense and he made so

762
00:29:58,239 --> 00:29:59,964
we have different pockets,

763
00:29:59,964 --> 00:30:01,420
dividend information sent

764
00:30:01,420 --> 00:30:02,814
over the
communication link.

765
00:30:02,814 --> 00:30:04,690
So what we do is

766
00:30:04,690 --> 00:30:05,739
that the whole amount of

767
00:30:05,739 --> 00:30:07,090
information that we need,

768
00:30:07,090 --> 00:30:10,239
and we split it
into information,

769
00:30:10,239 --> 00:30:12,850
gets, keep in
mind for now,

770
00:30:12,850 --> 00:30:14,919
we call them
genetically pockets.

771
00:30:14,919 --> 00:30:16,869
As we go through
the lectures,

772
00:30:16,869 --> 00:30:18,085
you will understand that

773
00:30:18,085 --> 00:30:20,470
this vague concept
of buckets of

774
00:30:20,470 --> 00:30:22,554
beads will start carving

775
00:30:22,554 --> 00:30:24,460
a very specific structure.

776
00:30:24,460 --> 00:30:26,289
For now, keep in
mind packets.

777
00:30:26,289 --> 00:30:28,089
So those packets
are being sent

778
00:30:28,089 --> 00:30:30,189
over the communication
link and we are

779
00:30:30,189 --> 00:30:32,139
flooding practically that

780
00:30:32,139 --> 00:30:34,464
communication link
without targets.

781
00:30:34,464 --> 00:30:38,349
Saw in the case
of the whip,

782
00:30:38,349 --> 00:30:40,149
when my pocket goes

783
00:30:40,149 --> 00:30:41,784
over the
communication link,

784
00:30:41,784 --> 00:30:45,774
it will, it will use
the full link capacity

785
00:30:45,774 --> 00:30:48,039
when it is
transmitted and then

786
00:30:48,039 --> 00:30:50,374
as the targets
if you yeah.

787
00:30:50,374 --> 00:30:51,859
Let's say that he had

788
00:30:51,859 --> 00:30:54,635
its myself with my laptop.

789
00:30:54,635 --> 00:30:57,710
I communicate with my
Wi-Fi access point.

790
00:30:57,710 --> 00:30:59,660
My Wi-Fi access
point pushes

791
00:30:59,660 --> 00:31:03,020
that traffic to their
out of my house.

792
00:31:03,020 --> 00:31:05,689
And then that out of my
house is connected to

793
00:31:05,689 --> 00:31:08,464
a regional internet
service provider.

794
00:31:08,464 --> 00:31:10,489
And this guy is
connected to

795
00:31:10,489 --> 00:31:13,489
a national internet
service provider.

796
00:31:13,489 --> 00:31:15,590
And let's say that I
want to send that photo.

797
00:31:15,590 --> 00:31:17,465
I don't know my
mom and grades.

798
00:31:17,465 --> 00:31:20,300
So in that case, that
part yet so therefore

799
00:31:20,300 --> 00:31:23,075
thought that I want to
send will be I mean,

800
00:31:23,075 --> 00:31:24,320
my whole information from

801
00:31:24,320 --> 00:31:26,629
the photo going to be
splitted into small,

802
00:31:26,629 --> 00:31:28,684
small, small
information markets.

803
00:31:28,684 --> 00:31:31,940
And I will send the
packets 1 by 1 over

804
00:31:31,940 --> 00:31:35,734
the communication
link links.

805
00:31:35,734 --> 00:31:37,880
I want to clarify
that when

806
00:31:37,880 --> 00:31:40,504
a packet travels over
the communication link,

807
00:31:40,504 --> 00:31:43,879
my packet should be
received in that from

808
00:31:43,879 --> 00:31:45,379
the receiver before Nia

809
00:31:45,379 --> 00:31:47,299
made to send my next part,

810
00:31:47,299 --> 00:31:50,389
did I highlight that we
will use it in a bit.

811
00:31:50,389 --> 00:31:52,400
So the concept of
the packet switching

812
00:31:52,400 --> 00:31:53,570
is that we all got here

813
00:31:53,570 --> 00:31:54,800
then we said packets

814
00:31:54,800 --> 00:31:56,689
over the
communication link.

815
00:31:56,689 --> 00:31:59,225
And let's see a very
simple example.

816
00:31:59,225 --> 00:32:01,730
Let's say that
I am here guys.

817
00:32:01,730 --> 00:32:03,079
And let's say I have

818
00:32:03,079 --> 00:32:04,099
where is Michael
that these are

819
00:32:04,099 --> 00:32:06,080
the RTO and here

820
00:32:06,080 --> 00:32:07,520
is Michael that these
are the atrium.

821
00:32:07,520 --> 00:32:09,754
And then now I brought as

822
00:32:09,754 --> 00:32:10,910
information over

823
00:32:10,910 --> 00:32:13,864
the communication
link. Let's say that.

824
00:32:13,864 --> 00:32:16,190
Compute that is connected
to add out there

825
00:32:16,190 --> 00:32:17,629
some good hearing
the building and

826
00:32:17,629 --> 00:32:19,474
then communicates
a traffic though,

827
00:32:19,474 --> 00:32:21,685
I mean, sends the
traffic to my divisor.

828
00:32:21,685 --> 00:32:22,924
This about do.

829
00:32:22,924 --> 00:32:24,934
So what will happen?

830
00:32:24,934 --> 00:32:26,030
Let's, let's examine

831
00:32:26,030 --> 00:32:28,370
hop-by-hop the
communication.

832
00:32:28,370 --> 00:32:31,849
Let's calculate first
the transmission delay.

833
00:32:31,849 --> 00:32:33,799
In order to do my
first bucket to

834
00:32:33,799 --> 00:32:35,974
go out in a man bed,

835
00:32:35,974 --> 00:32:38,659
transmission
delay is defined

836
00:32:38,659 --> 00:32:40,820
as that thought
that bind that I

837
00:32:40,820 --> 00:32:43,459
need in order to get
my whole bucket to

838
00:32:43,459 --> 00:32:45,010
get out either from

839
00:32:45,010 --> 00:32:46,895
my ID out that
or my device.

840
00:32:46,895 --> 00:32:51,350
So if the length of
the packet is L beats,

841
00:32:51,350 --> 00:32:53,299
and then add the
date that age,

842
00:32:53,299 --> 00:32:56,669
that transmission date
that a is odd a beat.

843
00:32:56,669 --> 00:32:58,435
In order to find

844
00:32:58,435 --> 00:33:01,599
the time to push out
this first part,

845
00:33:01,599 --> 00:33:05,245
Get out of my device
that by Miss L

846
00:33:05,245 --> 00:33:07,660
over R. Let's say

847
00:33:07,660 --> 00:33:09,895
that that
propagation delay,

848
00:33:09,895 --> 00:33:12,999
the physical time that
my budget needs to

849
00:33:12,999 --> 00:33:16,525
travel the physical
distance from my device.

850
00:33:16,525 --> 00:33:17,829
That out that, let's say

851
00:33:17,829 --> 00:33:19,180
that this negligible for

852
00:33:19,180 --> 00:33:21,309
now saw that dime

853
00:33:21,309 --> 00:33:23,650
for this bucket to go
from here to here,

854
00:33:23,650 --> 00:33:25,540
it will be L over R. So if

855
00:33:25,540 --> 00:33:27,459
I see my end to
end connection,

856
00:33:27,459 --> 00:33:28,870
to send my packets to

857
00:33:28,870 --> 00:33:30,459
Michael that these
are, there are two.

858
00:33:30,459 --> 00:33:34,239
I will need two times
L over R because

859
00:33:34,239 --> 00:33:35,620
my bucket will
transmit over

860
00:33:35,620 --> 00:33:37,240
the communication link and

861
00:33:37,240 --> 00:33:39,519
then over this
communication link.

862
00:33:39,519 --> 00:33:41,140
And just to make sure that

863
00:33:41,140 --> 00:33:42,670
we follow here, guys,

864
00:33:42,670 --> 00:33:46,735
if she and I had one
big split second

865
00:33:46,735 --> 00:33:49,179
and yet I had the
transmission rate

866
00:33:49,179 --> 00:33:52,059
out of Duke beats
per second.

867
00:33:52,059 --> 00:33:54,880
Donald, did you
want to tell me

868
00:33:54,880 --> 00:33:58,129
how much it will be
the end to end delay?

869
00:33:59,850 --> 00:34:06,309
I don't share to
you. That's okay.

870
00:34:06,309 --> 00:34:07,899
You will answer
my next question.

871
00:34:07,899 --> 00:34:09,369
Let's pick another
one. Sorry about

872
00:34:09,369 --> 00:34:11,769
that off now I hear
you're gosh it.

873
00:34:11,769 --> 00:34:14,109
So the first the
first hub is

874
00:34:14,109 --> 00:34:16,480
one bit per second and
the second one news.

875
00:34:16,480 --> 00:34:18,489
I'm sorry, I'm just saying

876
00:34:18,489 --> 00:34:20,110
let's say Ottawa are odd.

877
00:34:20,110 --> 00:34:23,779
We saw index
swag, odd one.

878
00:34:23,779 --> 00:34:28,860
Okay. So R1 plus R2.

879
00:34:29,980 --> 00:34:31,325
No.

880
00:34:31,325 --> 00:34:33,060
Anyone else?

881
00:34:35,590 --> 00:34:38,970
Gouache Isaac.

882
00:34:41,020 --> 00:34:44,045
You're muted.
You're muted.

883
00:34:44,045 --> 00:34:45,965
Sorry.

884
00:34:45,965 --> 00:34:47,045
Both.

885
00:34:47,045 --> 00:34:48,049
Isaac's raise their hand.

886
00:34:48,049 --> 00:34:49,910
You guys.

887
00:34:49,910 --> 00:34:52,114
Go ahead.

888
00:34:52,114 --> 00:34:55,624
Okay, guys, somebody
come into play. Okay.

889
00:34:55,624 --> 00:34:59,969
It would be R1 over R2.

890
00:35:01,060 --> 00:35:02,960
Okay.

891
00:35:02,960 --> 00:35:05,690
Mer, the question,

892
00:35:05,690 --> 00:35:07,070
my kidneys that if you

893
00:35:07,070 --> 00:35:08,479
do that first
communication link,

894
00:35:08,479 --> 00:35:10,729
I have L over R, S, sorry,

895
00:35:10,729 --> 00:35:12,379
add one beats
per second being

896
00:35:12,379 --> 00:35:13,909
the second
communication ink I

897
00:35:13,909 --> 00:35:15,769
have add two
bits per second.

898
00:35:15,769 --> 00:35:21,179
How much is end to end
delay? And address?

899
00:35:21,580 --> 00:35:27,780
Yeah, painting it
L over R1 plus R2.

900
00:35:28,360 --> 00:35:30,049
No guys.

901
00:35:30,049 --> 00:35:30,680
Okay.

902
00:35:30,680 --> 00:35:33,844
Paul, do you want to
try before I answer is

903
00:35:33,844 --> 00:35:37,940
a half or like
twice as much?

904
00:35:37,940 --> 00:35:39,080
No.

905
00:35:39,080 --> 00:35:40,909
So guys, it will be okay.

906
00:35:40,909 --> 00:35:42,125
Let's take it step.

907
00:35:42,125 --> 00:35:43,654
Oh, I see some more hands.

908
00:35:43,654 --> 00:35:47,929
Horse. Just going
to be L over

909
00:35:47,929 --> 00:35:49,729
R one plus spillover or to

910
00:35:49,729 --> 00:35:52,294
an excellent,
excellent, excellent.

911
00:35:52,294 --> 00:35:54,304
Let's let's describe
that had been debate.

912
00:35:54,304 --> 00:35:55,550
Thank your cost and thank

913
00:35:55,550 --> 00:35:56,870
you all for dry naturally.

914
00:35:56,870 --> 00:35:58,430
Okay. Let's
describe describe

915
00:35:58,430 --> 00:35:59,704
that step-by-step.

916
00:35:59,704 --> 00:36:02,210
So in the first hope,

917
00:36:02,210 --> 00:36:04,310
if he had, let's say I

918
00:36:04,310 --> 00:36:06,620
have add one
beats per second.

919
00:36:06,620 --> 00:36:08,390
That dime to send

920
00:36:08,390 --> 00:36:11,974
the LD beats will be
l, all that outline.

921
00:36:11,974 --> 00:36:13,865
In the second hop.

922
00:36:13,865 --> 00:36:15,290
That thought, if I had,

923
00:36:15,290 --> 00:36:17,839
I have added two
beats per seconds,

924
00:36:17,839 --> 00:36:19,940
that time will
be L over R.

925
00:36:19,940 --> 00:36:21,170
To solve that total

926
00:36:21,170 --> 00:36:22,340
time would be
the summation of

927
00:36:22,340 --> 00:36:27,589
those two times j.
Matthew Boolean that

928
00:36:27,589 --> 00:36:28,475
I've just the fact that

929
00:36:28,475 --> 00:36:29,555
you can put your
hands up if you

930
00:36:29,555 --> 00:36:32,900
have a question more.

931
00:36:32,900 --> 00:36:34,385
I was going to
answer the question.

932
00:36:34,385 --> 00:36:36,365
I'm sorry, Matthew.

933
00:36:36,365 --> 00:36:39,965
I'll get I'll get caught.

934
00:36:39,965 --> 00:36:41,149
So and shatters

935
00:36:41,149 --> 00:36:42,860
a very simple
arithmetical example,

936
00:36:42,860 --> 00:36:43,939
guys, just make sure that

937
00:36:43,939 --> 00:36:45,410
you follow what
I'm saying.

938
00:36:45,410 --> 00:36:48,304
If my, the size
of my bucket

939
00:36:48,304 --> 00:36:51,529
is 10 kilobytes and
my data generated,

940
00:36:51,529 --> 00:36:53,389
so I'm kind of
megabits per second.

941
00:36:53,389 --> 00:36:56,450
I just divide a
two times the,

942
00:36:56,450 --> 00:36:57,619
I mean, in order to

943
00:36:57,619 --> 00:36:59,105
find the delay at the top,

944
00:36:59,105 --> 00:37:00,769
it's just L over

945
00:37:00,769 --> 00:37:03,755
R. If I want to find
the end to end delay,

946
00:37:03,755 --> 00:37:05,509
then plant delay will be

947
00:37:05,509 --> 00:37:08,689
2 times it on because
here the data rate,

948
00:37:08,689 --> 00:37:10,250
it's exactly the same.

949
00:37:10,250 --> 00:37:12,500
Is it clear? Or if
somebody has a question,

950
00:37:12,500 --> 00:37:14,524
I want to feel I
want you to feel

951
00:37:14,524 --> 00:37:15,590
comfortable to ask me

952
00:37:15,590 --> 00:37:17,539
something. It's not clear.

953
00:37:17,539 --> 00:37:19,625
Why question.

954
00:37:19,625 --> 00:37:20,630
Sure. Go ahead.

955
00:37:20,630 --> 00:37:21,319
Yeah.

956
00:37:21,319 --> 00:37:23,030
So just for this question,

957
00:37:23,030 --> 00:37:26,450
how could kick lipids
or propagation delay?

958
00:37:26,450 --> 00:37:27,950
Okay, That's

959
00:37:27,950 --> 00:37:29,690
a good question,
was engaging ball.

960
00:37:29,690 --> 00:37:32,314
So, okay, let's say
Guys, I've shared my,

961
00:37:32,314 --> 00:37:36,275
my distances d1 and d2.

962
00:37:36,275 --> 00:37:39,980
And let's say, and let's

963
00:37:39,980 --> 00:37:42,710
say that my
signal propagates

964
00:37:42,710 --> 00:37:44,374
with the speed of light.

965
00:37:44,374 --> 00:37:46,279
Can somebody tell
me what will be

966
00:37:46,279 --> 00:37:49,439
the end-to-end
propagation delay?

967
00:37:57,610 --> 00:37:59,689
Anyone?

968
00:37:59,689 --> 00:38:01,800
Matthew?

969
00:38:05,620 --> 00:38:11,420
I'm not sure the length
of that gave me yeah.

970
00:38:11,420 --> 00:38:12,890
I said that the
first connection

971
00:38:12,890 --> 00:38:14,420
is due on the second one,

972
00:38:14,420 --> 00:38:15,994
cause it these times dq2.

973
00:38:15,994 --> 00:38:17,630
And my signal propagates

974
00:38:17,630 --> 00:38:20,190
with the speed of
light. Donald.

975
00:38:23,140 --> 00:38:28,444
Is it D1 over c
plus p2 over c?

976
00:38:28,444 --> 00:38:29,959
Excellent. Excellent.

977
00:38:29,959 --> 00:38:31,055
Okay, cool.

978
00:38:31,055 --> 00:38:32,420
Is it clear to everyone?

979
00:38:32,420 --> 00:38:34,799
Does anyone have
any question?

980
00:38:35,710 --> 00:38:41,180
Okay, cool. Okay.

981
00:38:41,180 --> 00:38:43,519
So let's,

982
00:38:43,519 --> 00:38:44,780
let's continue a
little bit with

983
00:38:44,780 --> 00:38:46,684
the concept of the
packet switching.

984
00:38:46,684 --> 00:38:49,685
So let's see what happens.

985
00:38:49,685 --> 00:38:52,249
Look the example
step-by-step.

986
00:38:52,249 --> 00:38:53,815
So let's say that's
yet I comment

987
00:38:53,815 --> 00:38:55,400
out that and she said I

988
00:38:55,400 --> 00:38:56,929
have two costs connected

989
00:38:56,929 --> 00:38:58,900
to that out that and that.

990
00:38:58,900 --> 00:39:00,750
But they cannot
see those links.

991
00:39:00,750 --> 00:39:02,745
It's why I'm competent
megabits per second.

992
00:39:02,745 --> 00:39:04,619
Why that date that a how

993
00:39:04,619 --> 00:39:06,615
fast that out that sense

994
00:39:06,615 --> 00:39:08,249
out the date that it's

995
00:39:08,249 --> 00:39:10,439
1.5 megabits per second.

996
00:39:10,439 --> 00:39:12,180
Can somebody tell
me what's done?

997
00:39:12,180 --> 00:39:18,279
A hopping up that
out that ocean.

998
00:39:20,420 --> 00:39:23,020
Thinking prisoner.

999
00:39:23,020 --> 00:39:31,249
That's OK. Alana,
when there are such,

1000
00:39:31,249 --> 00:39:32,810
Say that again a
little bit louder,

1001
00:39:32,810 --> 00:39:35,464
that when the
appeal are here,

1002
00:39:35,464 --> 00:39:37,429
ready to be exact.

1003
00:39:37,429 --> 00:39:38,840
And so let me explain that

1004
00:39:38,840 --> 00:39:41,180
saying let me explain
that being deep day.

1005
00:39:41,180 --> 00:39:45,260
So if you fed out and
pushes out that data,

1006
00:39:45,260 --> 00:39:49,489
slow in them that I
validate of the data.

1007
00:39:49,489 --> 00:39:52,369
Then what's gonna
happen is laid out then

1008
00:39:52,369 --> 00:39:53,839
we'll stop that
accumulating

1009
00:39:53,839 --> 00:39:55,489
big data in a queue.

1010
00:39:55,489 --> 00:39:58,295
If my q becomes
full because,

1011
00:39:58,295 --> 00:40:00,140
I mean, the Guild
has a specific size.

1012
00:40:00,140 --> 00:40:01,865
Okay. You but I'll
just start date.

1013
00:40:01,865 --> 00:40:06,114
And then footer that
even becomes full.

1014
00:40:06,114 --> 00:40:07,639
That's what phenomena
we are going

1015
00:40:07,639 --> 00:40:13,100
to experience
cons Kristof,

1016
00:40:13,100 --> 00:40:16,249
and if the,

1017
00:40:16,249 --> 00:40:17,419
if the memory or
the buffering

1018
00:40:17,419 --> 00:40:18,574
the router is folding it,

1019
00:40:18,574 --> 00:40:21,320
it won't even accept
the package, right?

1020
00:40:21,320 --> 00:40:22,550
Your be sending our data,

1021
00:40:22,550 --> 00:40:24,109
but it will never
make it into

1022
00:40:24,109 --> 00:40:25,280
the memory of the router

1023
00:40:25,280 --> 00:40:27,260
until its groove
track of error.

1024
00:40:27,260 --> 00:40:28,399
And what's going to happen

1025
00:40:28,399 --> 00:40:29,480
practically to
that bucket?

1026
00:40:29,480 --> 00:40:32,029
It's going to be if
it's going to be gone,

1027
00:40:32,029 --> 00:40:32,780
it's going to be dropped.

1028
00:40:32,780 --> 00:40:35,190
Dropped. Okay, Cool.

1029
00:40:37,000 --> 00:40:43,679
David says f isn't a
question about corner,

1030
00:40:43,679 --> 00:40:47,700
like it was
sought facility.

1031
00:40:47,860 --> 00:40:50,510
It's called packet loss,

1032
00:40:50,510 --> 00:40:52,700
but get the lowest
exactly when I have

1033
00:40:52,700 --> 00:40:55,835
a pocket being developed
by it out there,

1034
00:40:55,835 --> 00:40:58,204
we experience a phenomenon
that bucket those.

1035
00:40:58,204 --> 00:40:59,795
Excellent.

1036
00:40:59,795 --> 00:41:02,940
This is Eddie
said a question.

1037
00:41:06,070 --> 00:41:08,164
A scene.

1038
00:41:08,164 --> 00:41:10,130
Let's call down
on that question.

1039
00:41:10,130 --> 00:41:10,850
We will answer that.

1040
00:41:10,850 --> 00:41:12,095
Does that lead
to security?

1041
00:41:12,095 --> 00:41:15,620
That is a whole
concept behind about

1042
00:41:15,620 --> 00:41:22,504
am I made that

1043
00:41:22,504 --> 00:41:24,740
I put on this the question
that you asked me.

1044
00:41:24,740 --> 00:41:26,269
It's just if
you define it,

1045
00:41:26,269 --> 00:41:31,385
the US bits or bytes,
but okay, cool.

1046
00:41:31,385 --> 00:41:32,419
So say if you set

1047
00:41:32,419 --> 00:41:33,829
a question and
it's your hand

1048
00:41:33,829 --> 00:41:38,884
up lower lobe, what?

1049
00:41:38,884 --> 00:41:40,130
Okay, you got a lot

1050
00:41:40,130 --> 00:41:41,240
about how I'm
going to add that.

1051
00:41:41,240 --> 00:41:42,349
Okay. Cool.
Because I don't

1052
00:41:42,349 --> 00:41:44,600
understand if you
read the question.

1053
00:41:44,600 --> 00:41:47,045
Okay. Cool. Okay.

1054
00:41:47,045 --> 00:41:48,980
So as we said,

1055
00:41:48,980 --> 00:41:50,149
if the date that eight,

1056
00:41:50,149 --> 00:41:53,300
they'll say, Oh, I mean
how fast that out,

1057
00:41:53,300 --> 00:41:57,529
that sense out that
the data compare if it

1058
00:41:57,529 --> 00:41:59,570
is a lot lower

1059
00:41:59,570 --> 00:42:02,270
compared to the IPO
date that eight,

1060
00:42:02,270 --> 00:42:03,740
that out that experience,

1061
00:42:03,740 --> 00:42:06,080
then that buffer
stop there,

1062
00:42:06,080 --> 00:42:07,330
then the packets I've,

1063
00:42:07,330 --> 00:42:10,130
I've spotted in that
Buffon sought by

1064
00:42:10,130 --> 00:42:11,479
accumulating and then

1065
00:42:11,479 --> 00:42:13,520
eventually this
keeps happening.

1066
00:42:13,520 --> 00:42:15,724
We will experience
a packet loss.

1067
00:42:15,724 --> 00:42:18,289
So now somebody asked

1068
00:42:18,289 --> 00:42:21,139
me and said that it
wasn't questioning,

1069
00:42:21,139 --> 00:42:23,180
that's how COG would I
make should data for

1070
00:42:23,180 --> 00:42:25,759
omega would be outspent
the packet loss.

1071
00:42:25,759 --> 00:42:27,560
So if a packet is lost,

1072
00:42:27,560 --> 00:42:28,789
I guess, you mean.

1073
00:42:28,789 --> 00:42:31,159
So in that case
we will see down

1074
00:42:31,159 --> 00:42:32,209
the lectures are

1075
00:42:32,209 --> 00:42:35,329
specific protocols
that they defied.

1076
00:42:35,329 --> 00:42:38,449
That out of the pockets
within the network.

1077
00:42:38,449 --> 00:42:40,189
Meaning at helping means

1078
00:42:40,189 --> 00:42:42,229
how the packets travel in

1079
00:42:42,229 --> 00:42:45,350
an end-to-end path
from the source to

1080
00:42:45,350 --> 00:42:46,950
the destination that I

1081
00:42:46,950 --> 00:42:48,530
am to avoid that bucket,

1082
00:42:48,530 --> 00:42:49,849
the loss, of course

1083
00:42:49,849 --> 00:42:51,470
nothing in life
is the mouse.

1084
00:42:51,470 --> 00:42:53,779
So a packet loss
will always.

1085
00:42:53,779 --> 00:42:55,049
Experience. So
with that, I

1086
00:42:55,049 --> 00:42:57,110
mitigate that phenomenon.

1087
00:42:57,110 --> 00:42:58,670
I doubt that anyone who

1088
00:42:58,670 --> 00:43:00,409
led that eliminate that,

1089
00:43:00,409 --> 00:43:02,269
saw that out the Goggins,

1090
00:43:02,269 --> 00:43:04,715
what they do is that
they did that mean

1091
00:43:04,715 --> 00:43:07,970
then to end path
within that network?

1092
00:43:07,970 --> 00:43:10,384
When I save them
splint off,

1093
00:43:10,384 --> 00:43:12,140
let's say that I
want to communicate.

1094
00:43:12,140 --> 00:43:14,570
I don't know, like
send that again.

1095
00:43:14,570 --> 00:43:16,099
Let me take that
said that for

1096
00:43:16,099 --> 00:43:19,055
both my pop into my
mothering dates.

1097
00:43:19,055 --> 00:43:21,500
So that means that
my information,

1098
00:43:21,500 --> 00:43:23,270
my data packets will

1099
00:43:23,270 --> 00:43:25,520
travel among different
that out deaths in

1100
00:43:25,520 --> 00:43:27,799
audit duties set out

1101
00:43:27,799 --> 00:43:29,839
the Coleman out
there of my mom,

1102
00:43:29,839 --> 00:43:31,714
I mean, at the home
of my mama updates.

1103
00:43:31,714 --> 00:43:33,680
So what that is,

1104
00:43:33,680 --> 00:43:36,999
the hopes that my
boss We'll follow

1105
00:43:36,999 --> 00:43:38,710
within that network is

1106
00:43:38,710 --> 00:43:41,065
defined by that out
big categories.

1107
00:43:41,065 --> 00:43:42,729
Now that I think I got it

1108
00:43:42,729 --> 00:43:44,815
defines up end
to end path.

1109
00:43:44,815 --> 00:43:47,545
But that out, That's
not that in-between.

1110
00:43:47,545 --> 00:43:51,115
That path should
somehow being flown.

1111
00:43:51,115 --> 00:43:53,409
That's when they will
receive my pocket.

1112
00:43:53,409 --> 00:43:55,464
Basically send it to
plot that out that,

1113
00:43:55,464 --> 00:43:56,860
and when they
will receive,

1114
00:43:56,860 --> 00:43:59,560
let's say arrays pocket,

1115
00:43:59,560 --> 00:44:01,119
they will send
it to zap it out

1116
00:44:01,119 --> 00:44:03,595
there so that
inflammation,

1117
00:44:03,595 --> 00:44:06,624
it start in therefore
water big tables where

1118
00:44:06,624 --> 00:44:09,220
practically
each pocket has

1119
00:44:09,220 --> 00:44:10,705
a shared that value.

1120
00:44:10,705 --> 00:44:12,550
And define stay out,

1121
00:44:12,550 --> 00:44:14,694
put the link, we
fill that out, that.

1122
00:44:14,694 --> 00:44:17,110
So let's see the
example here, guys.

1123
00:44:17,110 --> 00:44:19,549
So let's say
about this eyes.

1124
00:44:19,549 --> 00:44:21,860
And because I had
that values, 0,

1125
00:44:21,860 --> 00:44:24,409
1, 1, 1, the number
sat on them.

1126
00:44:24,409 --> 00:44:26,329
Okay, don't get stuck
with the numbers.

1127
00:44:26,329 --> 00:44:28,789
So if I look up
there for what,

1128
00:44:28,789 --> 00:44:30,979
a big day boot therefore,

1129
00:44:30,979 --> 00:44:33,245
the water table was

1130
00:44:33,245 --> 00:44:35,104
the date date based on

1131
00:44:35,104 --> 00:44:36,920
the outcome of that
out in Calgary.

1132
00:44:36,920 --> 00:44:38,060
So they don't
think, God, God,

1133
00:44:38,060 --> 00:44:42,724
he went out and said,
Hey, it out there.

1134
00:44:42,724 --> 00:44:44,179
If you'd assume
that part yet,

1135
00:44:44,179 --> 00:44:45,754
we've shed their values,

1136
00:44:45,754 --> 00:44:47,209
0, 1, 1, 1.

1137
00:44:47,209 --> 00:44:49,234
You should push it
out from the AOTA.

1138
00:44:49,234 --> 00:44:51,200
Put do because
it's an out,

1139
00:44:51,200 --> 00:44:53,525
because semiotic
communication ports.

1140
00:44:53,525 --> 00:44:54,830
So as soon as
that bucket that

1141
00:44:54,830 --> 00:44:56,119
arrives, that out,

1142
00:44:56,119 --> 00:44:57,770
that looks up to that

1143
00:44:57,770 --> 00:44:59,449
for what to think
they blew six,

1144
00:44:59,449 --> 00:45:01,205
whether the packet
should be four and

1145
00:45:01,205 --> 00:45:02,179
pushes that bucket to

1146
00:45:02,179 --> 00:45:03,919
the correct output port.

1147
00:45:03,919 --> 00:45:06,509
Is that a question or not?

1148
00:45:11,920 --> 00:45:14,540
No, not yet.

1149
00:45:14,540 --> 00:45:16,325
Can you expect a router to

1150
00:45:16,325 --> 00:45:18,140
change anything
about the packet or

1151
00:45:18,140 --> 00:45:19,849
should that packet just

1152
00:45:19,849 --> 00:45:22,640
stay constant
throughout its journey?

1153
00:45:22,640 --> 00:45:25,159
Or it doesn't,

1154
00:45:25,159 --> 00:45:26,779
the demand goes
something like this.

1155
00:45:26,779 --> 00:45:29,089
So, so these
forwarding table,

1156
00:45:29,089 --> 00:45:31,339
it's just specific
to this now,

1157
00:45:31,339 --> 00:45:32,270
but it doesn't mean that

1158
00:45:32,270 --> 00:45:33,290
you will have the
same for record.

1159
00:45:33,290 --> 00:45:34,189
Think they'd be
dissolved it

1160
00:45:34,189 --> 00:45:35,330
out that they have it

1161
00:45:35,330 --> 00:45:36,409
out that when he

1162
00:45:36,409 --> 00:45:37,580
put in there to
see that bucket,

1163
00:45:37,580 --> 00:45:39,785
we've said that
a 0, 1, 1, 1,

1164
00:45:39,785 --> 00:45:43,084
it may photovoltaic
through bought three.

1165
00:45:43,084 --> 00:45:46,700
So it doesn't
record will be oh,

1166
00:45:46,700 --> 00:45:48,200
I was just wondering
if it will change

1167
00:45:48,200 --> 00:45:50,300
the header of the
packet Erdos,

1168
00:45:50,300 --> 00:45:53,915
the packet itself just
stay and touched it.

1169
00:45:53,915 --> 00:45:55,729
No, no, no, they shed
that of the bucket.

1170
00:45:55,729 --> 00:45:57,019
If it's something
that is defined

1171
00:45:57,019 --> 00:45:58,339
when we defines a bucket,

1172
00:45:58,339 --> 00:45:59,659
what we see down that old

1173
00:45:59,659 --> 00:46:01,415
how we define a bar get,

1174
00:46:01,415 --> 00:46:02,869
but know that out
there does not

1175
00:46:02,869 --> 00:46:04,280
That's the I mean,

1176
00:46:04,280 --> 00:46:07,579
that can be a
security issue again.

1177
00:46:07,579 --> 00:46:09,814
No, it doesn't,
but it okay.

1178
00:46:09,814 --> 00:46:11,314
Thanks. Yeah.

1179
00:46:11,314 --> 00:46:14,089
So guys, I would
appreciate

1180
00:46:14,089 --> 00:46:15,380
if your candidate
your voice to

1181
00:46:15,380 --> 00:46:16,879
ask the questions
are not taught them.

1182
00:46:16,879 --> 00:46:18,859
It's very difficult to

1183
00:46:18,859 --> 00:46:20,450
read and pay
attention to you at

1184
00:46:20,450 --> 00:46:22,429
the same time saw

1185
00:46:22,429 --> 00:46:23,720
these OCT if you
wanted to gosh,

1186
00:46:23,720 --> 00:46:25,310
she had thus the question.

1187
00:46:25,310 --> 00:46:27,410
Yeah, So I was wondering

1188
00:46:27,410 --> 00:46:29,720
the forwarding table would

1189
00:46:29,720 --> 00:46:31,910
tell all the routers,

1190
00:46:31,910 --> 00:46:34,639
basically 0, 11,

1191
00:46:34,639 --> 00:46:37,084
to get it to the
destination.

1192
00:46:37,084 --> 00:46:41,270
It's not way that the
packet would have 0,

1193
00:46:41,270 --> 00:46:43,610
1, 1 for one router
and then 0001,

1194
00:46:43,610 --> 00:46:45,080
000 for another router.

1195
00:46:45,080 --> 00:46:46,519
Oh, oh, okay.

1196
00:46:46,519 --> 00:46:47,629
Let me clarify.

1197
00:46:47,629 --> 00:46:49,024
They shed their value.

1198
00:46:49,024 --> 00:46:50,945
It's a characteristic
of the pocket.

1199
00:46:50,945 --> 00:46:52,279
Okay.

1200
00:46:52,279 --> 00:46:54,799
They eats it out

1201
00:46:54,799 --> 00:46:56,330
there cause it's
for what to think

1202
00:46:56,330 --> 00:46:58,070
they so it's what

1203
00:46:58,070 --> 00:46:59,899
I onset that idea.
I don't know.

1204
00:46:59,899 --> 00:47:03,664
Like, you know, your
packet may will tip.

1205
00:47:03,664 --> 00:47:05,254
It's shared that forever

1206
00:47:05,254 --> 00:47:07,469
until you reach
the destination.

1207
00:47:07,469 --> 00:47:08,950
But in one it

1208
00:47:08,950 --> 00:47:10,510
out that it may have
this sort of what

1209
00:47:10,510 --> 00:47:11,769
to think big blue in

1210
00:47:11,769 --> 00:47:13,254
another route that
it may have another.

1211
00:47:13,254 --> 00:47:14,619
For one thing they
do doesn't mean

1212
00:47:14,619 --> 00:47:17,155
feather forwarding tables
will be identical.

1213
00:47:17,155 --> 00:47:20,004
Does that answer
your question?

1214
00:47:20,004 --> 00:47:21,775
Yes. Thanks.

1215
00:47:21,775 --> 00:47:23,560
Okay, Cool. Okay. Let me

1216
00:47:23,560 --> 00:47:24,789
read the question
on the top.

1217
00:47:24,789 --> 00:47:25,900
If shed, their value

1218
00:47:25,900 --> 00:47:27,160
is not found in
their locale.

1219
00:47:27,160 --> 00:47:29,485
For one thing, David,
what will happen?

1220
00:47:29,485 --> 00:47:31,269
It depends on the network

1221
00:47:31,269 --> 00:47:32,725
and Jun Yen and
how it, he,

1222
00:47:32,725 --> 00:47:33,970
she or she
defines that net

1223
00:47:33,970 --> 00:47:35,110
good most probably
it will be

1224
00:47:35,110 --> 00:47:36,519
dropped because
that out That

1225
00:47:36,519 --> 00:47:38,304
doesn't know what
went to push it.

1226
00:47:38,304 --> 00:47:41,635
Or it may be I got
that gaudy like,

1227
00:47:41,635 --> 00:47:44,650
you know, no value goal

1228
00:47:44,650 --> 00:47:46,014
for your specific board.

1229
00:47:46,014 --> 00:47:48,594
But usually in the
aisle network,

1230
00:47:48,594 --> 00:47:50,160
this will never happen

1231
00:47:50,160 --> 00:47:52,339
and might give me

1232
00:47:52,339 --> 00:47:53,749
a second to read
the next question.

1233
00:47:53,749 --> 00:47:54,889
If I got a nude out

1234
00:47:54,889 --> 00:47:57,035
that will lock on
for one thing,

1235
00:47:57,035 --> 00:47:59,089
they will be initialized
before it comes out.

1236
00:47:59,089 --> 00:48:00,830
The fact that you guys,

1237
00:48:00,830 --> 00:48:03,080
I will follow up question
when we analyzed

1238
00:48:03,080 --> 00:48:04,294
how they felt about adding

1239
00:48:04,294 --> 00:48:05,929
functionality walks.

1240
00:48:05,929 --> 00:48:08,089
So for now, the
only concepts

1241
00:48:08,089 --> 00:48:10,279
that I want to
keep is that,

1242
00:48:10,279 --> 00:48:13,009
that out the
detail may eat.

1243
00:48:13,009 --> 00:48:14,600
We have an Aldi gotta go.

1244
00:48:14,600 --> 00:48:16,804
Very well established
in the lead that are

1245
00:48:16,804 --> 00:48:19,354
tuned like Dijkstra,
Bellman-Ford.

1246
00:48:19,354 --> 00:48:22,100
And they did that means
end-to-end paths.

1247
00:48:22,100 --> 00:48:25,070
And the outcome
of that out in

1248
00:48:25,070 --> 00:48:28,625
Calgary feeds therefore
wanting babies.

1249
00:48:28,625 --> 00:48:30,650
And the concept
of forewarning

1250
00:48:30,650 --> 00:48:32,990
functionality means

1251
00:48:32,990 --> 00:48:35,030
how that out then pushes

1252
00:48:35,030 --> 00:48:37,684
out and through which
sport It's pocket.

1253
00:48:37,684 --> 00:48:38,449
Mighty gosh.

1254
00:48:38,449 --> 00:48:40,320
And what's the question?

1255
00:48:44,080 --> 00:48:48,049
In that picture right
there by output link.

1256
00:48:48,049 --> 00:48:50,269
Does that mean like port?

1257
00:48:50,269 --> 00:48:52,234
Yeah, it's an output port.

1258
00:48:52,234 --> 00:48:54,200
It's an alka part of that.

1259
00:48:54,200 --> 00:48:56,300
Yeah, Sorry for
my accent. Okay.

1260
00:48:56,300 --> 00:48:57,305
Cool.

1261
00:48:57,305 --> 00:49:00,180
Is there any
other question?

1262
00:49:00,790 --> 00:49:05,224
Okay. Cool. So yeah,

1263
00:49:05,224 --> 00:49:06,439
I mean, here it's

1264
00:49:06,439 --> 00:49:08,539
practically what
I said verbally.

1265
00:49:08,539 --> 00:49:10,670
And let's continue now.

1266
00:49:10,670 --> 00:49:14,300
Alb with a silk with
seating saw it.

1267
00:49:14,300 --> 00:49:15,905
I think about this.

1268
00:49:15,905 --> 00:49:18,589
Sorry, let me
know and I can't.

1269
00:49:18,589 --> 00:49:20,990
So I think that
it's clear so far

1270
00:49:20,990 --> 00:49:24,560
that the packet
switching sense

1271
00:49:24,560 --> 00:49:25,760
opportunistically.

1272
00:49:25,760 --> 00:49:27,980
They uses the nodes sent,

1273
00:49:27,980 --> 00:49:29,360
sent opportunistically,

1274
00:49:29,360 --> 00:49:31,669
the bug gets
older than me do.

1275
00:49:31,669 --> 00:49:34,399
Now the circuit
switching has

1276
00:49:34,399 --> 00:49:35,884
a completely different

1277
00:49:35,884 --> 00:49:37,609
concept in the sequence.

1278
00:49:37,609 --> 00:49:39,140
Sitting, let's,
let's pray.

1279
00:49:39,140 --> 00:49:40,340
The figure.

1280
00:49:40,340 --> 00:49:42,500
Let's say between
dude out this,

1281
00:49:42,500 --> 00:49:43,669
Let's say I have,

1282
00:49:43,669 --> 00:49:45,769
I don't know how many
of those 40 links.

1283
00:49:45,769 --> 00:49:47,359
I have those links.

1284
00:49:47,359 --> 00:49:48,799
And let's say
about this is

1285
00:49:48,799 --> 00:49:51,590
the center and this
is the destination.

1286
00:49:51,590 --> 00:49:55,654
And what happens in that
zip with switching.

1287
00:49:55,654 --> 00:49:59,629
That said that.
That is said,

1288
00:49:59,629 --> 00:50:02,989
a whole communication,
meaning all the way

1289
00:50:02,989 --> 00:50:06,440
to the destination 40,
its own transmission.

1290
00:50:06,440 --> 00:50:10,730
They link is, I
mean after the aft,

1291
00:50:10,730 --> 00:50:12,469
after that is CIF
every seeps at

1292
00:50:12,469 --> 00:50:14,119
data and they send

1293
00:50:14,119 --> 00:50:15,439
that does not have
anything else.

1294
00:50:15,439 --> 00:50:16,190
Send.

1295
00:50:16,190 --> 00:50:18,259
Then they send
that releases

1296
00:50:18,259 --> 00:50:21,289
a link and then becomes
again available.

1297
00:50:21,289 --> 00:50:23,209
Saw as long as I said,

1298
00:50:23,209 --> 00:50:25,310
the uses that the link to

1299
00:50:25,310 --> 00:50:26,450
communicate with Eddie

1300
00:50:26,450 --> 00:50:27,994
see when they're laying.

1301
00:50:27,994 --> 00:50:29,720
It is my only it's

1302
00:50:29,720 --> 00:50:31,700
only for me only
I can use it.

1303
00:50:31,700 --> 00:50:33,724
So as you understand,

1304
00:50:33,724 --> 00:50:36,020
let, let's discuss
a little bit here.

1305
00:50:36,020 --> 00:50:38,360
What is the benefit of
the circuit switching

1306
00:50:38,360 --> 00:50:41,180
compared to the, to the,

1307
00:50:41,180 --> 00:50:47,884
to the, to the packet
switching fabric.

1308
00:50:47,884 --> 00:50:50,309
That's okay. A
lot of Godhead.

1309
00:50:50,380 --> 00:50:53,030
You're not competing
with other people

1310
00:50:53,030 --> 00:50:55,835
Packard HER
queue. Excellent.

1311
00:50:55,835 --> 00:50:58,340
And what it's not
going to happen

1312
00:50:58,340 --> 00:50:59,839
compared to what I said at

1313
00:50:59,839 --> 00:51:02,580
the very end of
the lecture.

1314
00:51:03,970 --> 00:51:06,740
Hey, you're not going

1315
00:51:06,740 --> 00:51:08,630
to have collisions. Cool.

1316
00:51:08,630 --> 00:51:10,040
So because it's
the only one,

1317
00:51:10,040 --> 00:51:11,210
you ought to be
only on up to

1318
00:51:11,210 --> 00:51:13,285
transmit their
sojourn. Be better.

1319
00:51:13,285 --> 00:51:16,769
In that case. Let's see.

1320
00:51:18,190 --> 00:51:21,364
Let's, let's pick
somebody Danny fit.

1321
00:51:21,364 --> 00:51:22,655
In that case,

1322
00:51:22,655 --> 00:51:25,265
the bit rate will be
lower in the sequence.

1323
00:51:25,265 --> 00:51:28,679
Searching will
be no or hi.

1324
00:51:35,350 --> 00:51:37,830
David.

1325
00:51:38,530 --> 00:51:42,094
It'll be faster.

1326
00:51:42,094 --> 00:51:45,360
The twins who
are really high.

1327
00:51:45,910 --> 00:51:48,065
I'm not sure whether given

1328
00:51:48,065 --> 00:51:49,385
a follow a little bit,

1329
00:51:49,385 --> 00:51:50,690
the way I'm thinking

1330
00:51:50,690 --> 00:51:52,460
in the circuit switching,

1331
00:51:52,460 --> 00:51:54,200
the bit error rate
that you will

1332
00:51:54,200 --> 00:51:56,255
experience will be lower.

1333
00:51:56,255 --> 00:52:01,459
High-end. Why? The bit
rate will be high?

1334
00:52:01,459 --> 00:52:04,775
Because your Yammer
dedicated path

1335
00:52:04,775 --> 00:52:07,319
without collisions.

1336
00:52:08,350 --> 00:52:09,649
Okay.

1337
00:52:09,649 --> 00:52:11,014
You say that date that I

1338
00:52:11,014 --> 00:52:12,800
I asked the big data rate.

1339
00:52:12,800 --> 00:52:14,795
That's okay. I'll
come back to you.

1340
00:52:14,795 --> 00:52:16,580
David. Some gosh, had what

1341
00:52:16,580 --> 00:52:18,739
would be the beep arrow?

1342
00:52:18,739 --> 00:52:21,289
Oh, you have a pretty

1343
00:52:21,289 --> 00:52:23,480
low because you have

1344
00:52:23,480 --> 00:52:26,045
one channel between
two things.

1345
00:52:26,045 --> 00:52:26,749
Exactly.

1346
00:52:26,749 --> 00:52:28,910
And you don't
experience, you know,

1347
00:52:28,910 --> 00:52:31,370
any other use transmitting
at the same time.

1348
00:52:31,370 --> 00:52:32,990
Let's go back
to what David

1349
00:52:32,990 --> 00:52:35,179
said because I want
to clarify something.

1350
00:52:35,179 --> 00:52:37,040
David said that that will

1351
00:52:37,040 --> 00:52:39,365
experience high
transmission data rate.

1352
00:52:39,365 --> 00:52:41,550
Is that Kodak, David?

1353
00:52:41,560 --> 00:52:42,919
Yes.

1354
00:52:42,919 --> 00:52:43,940
That's what I said.

1355
00:52:43,940 --> 00:52:44,360
Okay.

1356
00:52:44,360 --> 00:52:45,139
That's fine.

1357
00:52:45,139 --> 00:52:46,339
Let me, uh, let me

1358
00:52:46,339 --> 00:52:47,855
explain a little
bit something.

1359
00:52:47,855 --> 00:52:50,224
Yada, and thank you
for pointing that out.

1360
00:52:50,224 --> 00:52:51,815
The date that eight,

1361
00:52:51,815 --> 00:52:54,244
Let's say that I cover
communication being

1362
00:52:54,244 --> 00:52:55,640
that Python's people that

1363
00:52:55,640 --> 00:52:57,769
a specific frequency band.

1364
00:52:57,769 --> 00:53:01,685
The frequency bands that
I'm using specifies

1365
00:53:01,685 --> 00:53:03,634
the maximum Feizi blue

1366
00:53:03,634 --> 00:53:05,689
transmission date that aid

1367
00:53:05,689 --> 00:53:08,090
in this optimal scenario

1368
00:53:08,090 --> 00:53:09,410
that I transmit only by

1369
00:53:09,410 --> 00:53:11,449
myself as it happens in

1370
00:53:11,449 --> 00:53:13,789
the simply
switching salts.

1371
00:53:13,789 --> 00:53:16,144
That fact that retransmit
by your cells.

1372
00:53:16,144 --> 00:53:17,960
It doesn't mean
that you can get

1373
00:53:17,960 --> 00:53:20,330
that transmission of
data if you know.

1374
00:53:20,330 --> 00:53:22,685
What, asthma is
high as you want,

1375
00:53:22,685 --> 00:53:24,694
because that is a
physical constraints

1376
00:53:24,694 --> 00:53:26,690
coming from the
frequency bond.

1377
00:53:26,690 --> 00:53:29,150
Now rephrasing
what you said,

1378
00:53:29,150 --> 00:53:30,829
the data that you will

1379
00:53:30,829 --> 00:53:32,764
achieve most probably will

1380
00:53:32,764 --> 00:53:34,820
be higher as compared

1381
00:53:34,820 --> 00:53:36,410
to the packet switching.

1382
00:53:36,410 --> 00:53:38,699
Why, David?

1383
00:53:38,710 --> 00:53:40,939
Because there
won't be any,

1384
00:53:40,939 --> 00:53:41,990
you won't be in or you

1385
00:53:41,990 --> 00:53:43,309
won't have interference or

1386
00:53:43,309 --> 00:53:47,645
collisions that you're
dedicated line.

1387
00:53:47,645 --> 00:53:50,219
Okay, Cool.

1388
00:53:52,750 --> 00:53:54,154
Okay.

1389
00:53:54,154 --> 00:53:57,300
Yeah. Did you have
the microphone?

1390
00:54:02,980 --> 00:54:04,400
Okay.

1391
00:54:04,400 --> 00:54:05,900
It's slightly difficult to

1392
00:54:05,900 --> 00:54:07,040
read at the same time,

1393
00:54:07,040 --> 00:54:10,085
the top guys, I hope
you understand.

1394
00:54:10,085 --> 00:54:11,675
Okay.

1395
00:54:11,675 --> 00:54:13,670
So, okay,

1396
00:54:13,670 --> 00:54:16,744
so going back the
sequence, sitting,

1397
00:54:16,744 --> 00:54:18,529
let's compare the benefits

1398
00:54:18,529 --> 00:54:20,239
and drawbacks, the
circuit switching,

1399
00:54:20,239 --> 00:54:22,070
what it will do,
it will achieve,

1400
00:54:22,070 --> 00:54:23,779
it will achieve a.

1401
00:54:23,779 --> 00:54:26,330
And let's say I got
on the connection,

1402
00:54:26,330 --> 00:54:28,444
but it's only
just by myself.

1403
00:54:28,444 --> 00:54:30,725
While the pocket treating,

1404
00:54:30,725 --> 00:54:32,180
I mean opportunistically
that gives

1405
00:54:32,180 --> 00:54:34,744
us our finance me the
one in the same medium.

1406
00:54:34,744 --> 00:54:36,740
We may experience a
phenomenon that they

1407
00:54:36,740 --> 00:54:39,379
describe Eddie it saw in.

1408
00:54:39,379 --> 00:54:41,000
However, what does,

1409
00:54:41,000 --> 00:54:43,100
what does another
difference that you

1410
00:54:43,100 --> 00:54:44,329
can point out among

1411
00:54:44,329 --> 00:54:47,599
those those two
transmission

1412
00:54:47,599 --> 00:54:49,985
scenarios between the
packet switching and

1413
00:54:49,985 --> 00:54:54,359
circuit switching.
Guy had Talib.

1414
00:54:56,020 --> 00:54:59,359
Would you, would you say

1415
00:54:59,359 --> 00:55:01,610
that circuit
switching errors

1416
00:55:01,610 --> 00:55:03,409
like a higher
bandwidth been broken?

1417
00:55:03,409 --> 00:55:08,059
Very good switching.
Period to say not.

1418
00:55:08,059 --> 00:55:09,950
But I mean, what I
said, these are the,

1419
00:55:09,950 --> 00:55:13,340
the circuit switching
probabilistically you

1420
00:55:13,340 --> 00:55:15,260
may achieve
higher data rate

1421
00:55:15,260 --> 00:55:17,059
because retransmit
only by your TA.

1422
00:55:17,059 --> 00:55:19,250
However, it doesn't always

1423
00:55:19,250 --> 00:55:21,319
true because you have

1424
00:55:21,319 --> 00:55:22,850
just a piece of the link.

1425
00:55:22,850 --> 00:55:24,919
You don't have the
whole bandwidth, okay?

1426
00:55:24,919 --> 00:55:27,440
So you just get
a portion of

1427
00:55:27,440 --> 00:55:30,034
the available bandwidth
for the transmission.

1428
00:55:30,034 --> 00:55:31,819
So I'm slightly afraid to

1429
00:55:31,819 --> 00:55:33,109
generalize what David

1430
00:55:33,109 --> 00:55:34,340
described Danielle Okay.

1431
00:55:34,340 --> 00:55:36,799
Above the date
that I described,

1432
00:55:36,799 --> 00:55:41,070
the bit error rate. Okay.

1433
00:55:42,670 --> 00:55:45,170
Okay. So what does

1434
00:55:45,170 --> 00:55:47,089
another major
difference guys up you

1435
00:55:47,089 --> 00:55:51,510
can see between the two
concepts here, Brian.

1436
00:55:53,680 --> 00:55:55,714
Brian black.

1437
00:55:55,714 --> 00:55:59,450
Yes, you are also a
circuit switching.

1438
00:55:59,450 --> 00:56:00,829
You might have
users waiting for

1439
00:56:00,829 --> 00:56:03,600
a long-term for the
concerned anything.

1440
00:56:03,610 --> 00:56:05,630
Do you want to elaborate

1441
00:56:05,630 --> 00:56:07,325
a little bit of thought?
What do you mean?

1442
00:56:07,325 --> 00:56:09,289
Well, so if all the,

1443
00:56:09,289 --> 00:56:11,719
if all the lines are
taken and you have

1444
00:56:11,719 --> 00:56:14,285
a user who wants to
send information,

1445
00:56:14,285 --> 00:56:16,370
they have to wait in
toward the users,

1446
00:56:16,370 --> 00:56:17,975
gives up or on the lines.

1447
00:56:17,975 --> 00:56:20,450
Excellent balance said,
excellent nonsense.

1448
00:56:20,450 --> 00:56:22,219
And I want to
describe the exactly

1449
00:56:22,219 --> 00:56:24,125
opposite from
what Brian said.

1450
00:56:24,125 --> 00:56:25,850
So what teeth?

1451
00:56:25,850 --> 00:56:28,204
I have reserved the link.

1452
00:56:28,204 --> 00:56:30,664
I'm not transmitting
anything,

1453
00:56:30,664 --> 00:56:33,020
but I have kept the
link for myself.

1454
00:56:33,020 --> 00:56:34,415
So in that case,

1455
00:56:34,415 --> 00:56:36,739
they link will
remain idle.

1456
00:56:36,739 --> 00:56:40,399
I will add that utilize
their availability.

1457
00:56:40,399 --> 00:56:43,835
Why leaf I was using
that packet switching.

1458
00:56:43,835 --> 00:56:46,459
I would let the link
available to every

1459
00:56:46,459 --> 00:56:48,064
entrepreneur's made
up anytime that

1460
00:56:48,064 --> 00:56:50,044
someone has something
to transmit.

1461
00:56:50,044 --> 00:56:53,570
So summarizing, but I
wanted to point out,

1462
00:56:53,570 --> 00:56:56,489
is that a question from
the concept that up,

1463
00:56:57,550 --> 00:57:02,909
yeah, I had a comment
shared by hand.

1464
00:57:03,220 --> 00:57:07,024
So with packet switching
would be dynamic.

1465
00:57:07,024 --> 00:57:10,220
In other words, if
there was a problem on,

1466
00:57:10,220 --> 00:57:13,040
on one line, would it
be able to reroute,

1467
00:57:13,040 --> 00:57:15,679
be, wouldn't be able to

1468
00:57:15,679 --> 00:57:17,735
rerouted to another row

1469
00:57:17,735 --> 00:57:20,059
using alternative mind.

1470
00:57:20,059 --> 00:57:22,545
Whereas with
circuit switching,

1471
00:57:22,545 --> 00:57:24,099
if there was a,

1472
00:57:24,099 --> 00:57:27,444
there was a problem
with the line,

1473
00:57:27,444 --> 00:57:30,580
it would be broken at
that point, Right?

1474
00:57:30,580 --> 00:57:32,949
Not really, but it's

1475
00:57:32,949 --> 00:57:35,125
a very nice question to
clarify some things.

1476
00:57:35,125 --> 00:57:36,460
Thank you for asking.

1477
00:57:36,460 --> 00:57:38,440
So what David says, this,

1478
00:57:38,440 --> 00:57:40,240
let's say about
this communication,

1479
00:57:40,240 --> 00:57:41,694
meaning that I
have a problem

1480
00:57:41,694 --> 00:57:43,059
with a circuit switching.

1481
00:57:43,059 --> 00:57:44,515
If I have a problem here,

1482
00:57:44,515 --> 00:57:45,760
I can just dropped

1483
00:57:45,760 --> 00:57:48,175
my C16 wheat-based
connection

1484
00:57:48,175 --> 00:57:49,599
and create another one,

1485
00:57:49,599 --> 00:57:51,235
Let's say from this path,

1486
00:57:51,235 --> 00:57:52,869
again if he's available.

1487
00:57:52,869 --> 00:57:55,120
Okay? Now the same

1488
00:57:55,120 --> 00:57:56,139
however it happened

1489
00:57:56,139 --> 00:57:57,414
with the packet switching.

1490
00:57:57,414 --> 00:57:59,230
So let's say that, Yeah,

1491
00:57:59,230 --> 00:58:01,044
is this
communication link,

1492
00:58:01,044 --> 00:58:02,830
when I say
communication link

1493
00:58:02,830 --> 00:58:04,225
in that packet switching,

1494
00:58:04,225 --> 00:58:06,274
I mean one of the
four of them,

1495
00:58:06,274 --> 00:58:08,224
that whole
communication link,

1496
00:58:08,224 --> 00:58:09,919
not just the silk without

1497
00:58:09,919 --> 00:58:12,289
about they want to
sit within quotes.

1498
00:58:12,289 --> 00:58:15,260
Saw, if the same
phenomenon happens,

1499
00:58:15,260 --> 00:58:18,319
see that in the
packet switching.

1500
00:58:18,319 --> 00:58:19,699
And for some
reason, let's say

1501
00:58:19,699 --> 00:58:21,484
all this
communication link,

1502
00:58:21,484 --> 00:58:25,535
OBS has a bottleneck

1503
00:58:25,535 --> 00:58:27,859
because because of
high concession sign

1504
00:58:27,859 --> 00:58:29,120
of that case again,

1505
00:58:29,120 --> 00:58:30,515
you would read
out got route

1506
00:58:30,515 --> 00:58:32,630
your traffic from
another path.

1507
00:58:32,630 --> 00:58:35,854
Solve this problem
that David describes.

1508
00:58:35,854 --> 00:58:38,999
God not ice in both cases.

1509
00:58:40,270 --> 00:58:43,470
Some Is that a question?

1510
00:58:44,170 --> 00:58:47,315
Sorry for authority
or Logan Airport

1511
00:58:47,315 --> 00:58:51,659
saw based on what David
because that clear.

1512
00:58:52,510 --> 00:58:55,025
Yes. Thank you. Sure.

1513
00:58:55,025 --> 00:58:58,339
So by summarizing
the packet switching

1514
00:58:58,339 --> 00:58:59,749
and circuit switching and

1515
00:58:59,749 --> 00:59:01,490
putting things together,

1516
00:59:01,490 --> 00:59:04,430
somebody could come
and tell me, Okay,

1517
00:59:04,430 --> 00:59:06,889
in a real world
where all we

1518
00:59:06,889 --> 00:59:07,970
have so many devices

1519
00:59:07,970 --> 00:59:09,259
quite sick with switching.

1520
00:59:09,259 --> 00:59:10,669
It sounds like
steel plate.

1521
00:59:10,669 --> 00:59:12,845
I mean, when I share Gabi,

1522
00:59:12,845 --> 00:59:14,749
see equate circuits again

1523
00:59:14,749 --> 00:59:17,735
within quotes
to end users.

1524
00:59:17,735 --> 00:59:19,339
And somebody
could say, okay,

1525
00:59:19,339 --> 00:59:20,359
the bucket switching, it's

1526
00:59:20,359 --> 00:59:21,710
like the best solution.

1527
00:59:21,710 --> 00:59:23,240
I mean, that's not really

1528
00:59:23,240 --> 00:59:26,074
true because because
of the benefits.

1529
00:59:26,074 --> 00:59:28,085
Robots that we
just described,

1530
00:59:28,085 --> 00:59:30,869
I felt that I had
this slide them up.

1531
00:59:33,010 --> 00:59:35,840
Okay, So now,

1532
00:59:35,840 --> 00:59:38,149
now that we've
clarified that the,

1533
00:59:38,149 --> 00:59:39,454
how the packet
switching and

1534
00:59:39,454 --> 00:59:42,230
circuit switching
works. Let's see.

1535
00:59:42,230 --> 00:59:44,630
When I have, let's
say up the same

1536
00:59:44,630 --> 00:59:47,044
it out that
multiple hosts,

1537
00:59:47,044 --> 00:59:49,460
multiple end notes trying

1538
00:59:49,460 --> 00:59:51,500
to communicate
with and said they

1539
00:59:51,500 --> 00:59:54,229
battle the same it out
that based on what we

1540
00:59:54,229 --> 00:59:57,380
described earlier
with array and Alana,

1541
00:59:57,380 --> 01:00:00,260
what it's going to
happen is that if I have

1542
01:00:00,260 --> 01:00:02,360
multiple transmissions
and they

1543
01:00:02,360 --> 01:00:03,469
added CBI the same

1544
01:00:03,469 --> 01:00:04,954
time are the
same in a CMA,

1545
01:00:04,954 --> 01:00:06,860
I will experience
hide that theat

1546
01:00:06,860 --> 01:00:09,410
It's probably can lose.

1547
01:00:09,410 --> 01:00:11,555
I can lose. I got
to experience,

1548
01:00:11,555 --> 01:00:14,674
sorry, high bit
error rate.

1549
01:00:14,674 --> 01:00:16,354
Meaning that I can,

1550
01:00:16,354 --> 01:00:17,690
I will let it sit
in that bucket.

1551
01:00:17,690 --> 01:00:19,264
But baby, their pocket has

1552
01:00:19,264 --> 01:00:20,479
a wrong information

1553
01:00:20,479 --> 01:00:21,965
because something
bad happened.

1554
01:00:21,965 --> 01:00:25,130
Transmission saw
in the literature,

1555
01:00:25,130 --> 01:00:26,479
there are well-defined

1556
01:00:26,479 --> 01:00:28,414
multiple access techniques

1557
01:00:28,414 --> 01:00:29,660
which practically

1558
01:00:29,660 --> 01:00:33,080
clarify how multiple hosts

1559
01:00:33,080 --> 01:00:34,639
communicate with the same.

1560
01:00:34,639 --> 01:00:35,584
It'll save it.

1561
01:00:35,584 --> 01:00:37,219
And we have the frequency

1562
01:00:37,219 --> 01:00:38,959
division multiple
access technique

1563
01:00:38,959 --> 01:00:40,055
and the time division

1564
01:00:40,055 --> 01:00:41,524
multiple access technique.

1565
01:00:41,524 --> 01:00:43,625
That concept is
very similar.

1566
01:00:43,625 --> 01:00:45,350
The FDM blazed with

1567
01:00:45,350 --> 01:00:48,454
a frequency that did
them plays with it by.

1568
01:00:48,454 --> 01:00:50,730
So the concept is,

1569
01:00:50,730 --> 01:00:53,230
let's take, let's
start with FDA.

1570
01:00:53,230 --> 01:00:55,329
What it does is
that they'll vet

1571
01:00:55,329 --> 01:00:58,599
all frequency band.
The bandwidth.

1572
01:00:58,599 --> 01:01:02,140
This breakthrough is
split it into frequent,

1573
01:01:02,140 --> 01:01:04,929
see some else or
otherwise called in

1574
01:01:04,929 --> 01:01:08,305
the literature
subservient to subsonic.

1575
01:01:08,305 --> 01:01:11,110
And those heptane and
sad provide it in

1576
01:01:11,110 --> 01:01:13,764
a unique manner to
the, to the costs.

1577
01:01:13,764 --> 01:01:16,135
So let's say that
I have for users,

1578
01:01:16,135 --> 01:01:17,805
each user will transmit

1579
01:01:17,805 --> 01:01:19,345
at a specific frequency.

1580
01:01:19,345 --> 01:01:21,159
In that way, I

1581
01:01:21,159 --> 01:01:24,144
practically mitigate
thing that Firenze.

1582
01:01:24,144 --> 01:01:26,424
But Samoan come saying

1583
01:01:26,424 --> 01:01:29,260
the optimal scenario
a, I eliminate it.

1584
01:01:29,260 --> 01:01:30,819
It's not really
true because

1585
01:01:30,819 --> 01:01:33,195
the frequencies
are Sasson.

1586
01:01:33,195 --> 01:01:34,400
When I do that for

1587
01:01:34,400 --> 01:01:35,510
yet that I'm
swamps like I'm

1588
01:01:35,510 --> 01:01:38,059
still experiencing
that Firenze.

1589
01:01:38,059 --> 01:01:39,829
There are several
techniques

1590
01:01:39,829 --> 01:01:41,390
and how to mitigate

1591
01:01:41,390 --> 01:01:42,679
the interference in

1592
01:01:42,679 --> 01:01:46,024
those orthogonal multiple
access techniques.

1593
01:01:46,024 --> 01:01:47,735
But anyway, this side,

1594
01:01:47,735 --> 01:01:51,739
the Google do it that
the 54, the course.

1595
01:01:51,739 --> 01:01:53,269
But the concept is that

1596
01:01:53,269 --> 01:01:54,740
we split the frequency,

1597
01:01:54,740 --> 01:01:57,140
the available spectrum
into sub-channels,

1598
01:01:57,140 --> 01:01:59,945
and we allocate the
subchannels to then uses

1599
01:01:59,945 --> 01:02:01,414
and it's usually
transmitted

1600
01:02:01,414 --> 01:02:03,619
it on its own frequency.

1601
01:02:03,619 --> 01:02:05,389
Similarity in

1602
01:02:05,389 --> 01:02:08,900
the TDMA time division
multiple access.

1603
01:02:08,900 --> 01:02:11,660
Instead of splitting
that frequency,

1604
01:02:11,660 --> 01:02:15,844
I split that I saw
at this time slot.

1605
01:02:15,844 --> 01:02:18,634
It's user Finance meets

1606
01:02:18,634 --> 01:02:21,830
all red velvet, all
frequency band.

1607
01:02:21,830 --> 01:02:24,335
And then they take it out.

1608
01:02:24,335 --> 01:02:26,210
As we'll see in the future

1609
01:02:26,210 --> 01:02:28,309
down in the next tab,

1610
01:02:28,309 --> 01:02:31,249
this you will see
mechanisms in order to

1611
01:02:31,249 --> 01:02:34,699
schedule they uses
transmissions like he had.

1612
01:02:34,699 --> 01:02:36,650
I just alternate
the colors.

1613
01:02:36,650 --> 01:02:37,069
However,

1614
01:02:37,069 --> 01:02:39,080
that are more sophisticated
mechanisms to

1615
01:02:39,080 --> 01:02:41,075
schedule that uses
transmissions.

1616
01:02:41,075 --> 01:02:43,350
Any question so far?

1617
01:02:47,890 --> 01:02:50,310
Today?

1618
01:02:50,410 --> 01:02:52,249
Yes.

1619
01:02:52,249 --> 01:02:55,370
So in the frequency
division multiplexing,

1620
01:02:55,370 --> 01:02:58,325
would the blue
user, for example,

1621
01:02:58,325 --> 01:02:59,764
have a higher bandwidth or

1622
01:02:59,764 --> 01:03:01,849
be higher
transmission rate?

1623
01:03:01,849 --> 01:03:04,384
No. I mean,
because you eat

1624
01:03:04,384 --> 01:03:06,610
you equally split
the bandwidth.

1625
01:03:06,610 --> 01:03:08,330
So like each subchannel

1626
01:03:08,330 --> 01:03:10,354
has a specific
frequency band,

1627
01:03:10,354 --> 01:03:13,130
now, be careful on that.

1628
01:03:13,130 --> 01:03:14,960
If you give one sub,

1629
01:03:14,960 --> 01:03:18,379
sum them in millimeter
wave band to

1630
01:03:18,379 --> 01:03:20,870
one user and
Duan subtenant

1631
01:03:20,870 --> 01:03:23,449
in the data shifts bond
to the other, use it.

1632
01:03:23,449 --> 01:03:24,799
Of course they
will experience

1633
01:03:24,799 --> 01:03:26,044
different date that aids.

1634
01:03:26,044 --> 01:03:27,649
But when we discuss about

1635
01:03:27,649 --> 01:03:29,599
the same spectrum band and

1636
01:03:29,599 --> 01:03:32,629
you just split it into
sub, someone else.

1637
01:03:32,629 --> 01:03:35,539
Sub-saharan and
has the same,

1638
01:03:35,539 --> 01:03:40,430
let's say, benefit
for its use it,

1639
01:03:40,430 --> 01:03:43,309
with its quite that
generalization

1640
01:03:43,309 --> 01:03:45,110
that are much
more into that

1641
01:03:45,110 --> 01:03:47,135
if you were going

1642
01:03:47,135 --> 01:03:49,159
in depth because
it's subchannel

1643
01:03:49,159 --> 01:03:50,330
has also its own at

1644
01:03:50,330 --> 01:03:53,974
the innovation and
its own channel game.

1645
01:03:53,974 --> 01:03:56,389
So it's not quite
true what I'm saying,

1646
01:03:56,389 --> 01:03:58,969
but for simplicity,
if we adding

1647
01:03:58,969 --> 01:04:00,260
the same spectral band,

1648
01:04:00,260 --> 01:04:02,434
it's subchannels
equivalent.

1649
01:04:02,434 --> 01:04:03,874
Okay, Thank you.

1650
01:04:03,874 --> 01:04:07,129
Sure is Zach I'm basically

1651
01:04:07,129 --> 01:04:09,380
wondering TDM and packet

1652
01:04:09,380 --> 01:04:10,894
switching seem
pretty similar.

1653
01:04:10,894 --> 01:04:12,260
The main difference
just that

1654
01:04:12,260 --> 01:04:13,730
the packet switching has

1655
01:04:13,730 --> 01:04:15,539
a predefined packet size.

1656
01:04:15,539 --> 01:04:17,530
And the TDM, you
can transmit as

1657
01:04:17,530 --> 01:04:19,990
much as you can in
a certain time.

1658
01:04:19,990 --> 01:04:21,234
Okay?

1659
01:04:21,234 --> 01:04:23,829
The concepts are similar
but they get free.

1660
01:04:23,829 --> 01:04:25,824
Techniques had
completely different.

1661
01:04:25,824 --> 01:04:28,059
The salt, those techniques
that I see are,

1662
01:04:28,059 --> 01:04:29,695
are multiple
access techniques.

1663
01:04:29,695 --> 01:04:32,784
They define how you
will transmit now,

1664
01:04:32,784 --> 01:04:34,059
then I will transmit,

1665
01:04:34,059 --> 01:04:36,370
then tray will transmit
that, set that up.

1666
01:04:36,370 --> 01:04:38,649
So the packet switching,

1667
01:04:38,649 --> 01:04:40,210
what it was saying,

1668
01:04:40,210 --> 01:04:42,094
it was something
completely different.

1669
01:04:42,094 --> 01:04:43,089
It's a, I mean,

1670
01:04:43,089 --> 01:04:44,709
conceptually
completely different.

1671
01:04:44,709 --> 01:04:46,690
I dig themselves the
packet switching

1672
01:04:46,690 --> 01:04:47,935
and circuit switching,

1673
01:04:47,935 --> 01:04:49,824
our transmission
techniques,

1674
01:04:49,824 --> 01:04:51,475
like they are
not scheduling,

1675
01:04:51,475 --> 01:04:53,260
they are not multiple
access techniques.

1676
01:04:53,260 --> 01:04:54,025
Okay.

1677
01:04:54,025 --> 01:04:56,230
Does that makes
some sense?

1678
01:04:56,230 --> 01:04:58,259
Yeah, that makes sense.

1679
01:04:58,259 --> 01:05:00,905
Okay, And guys, there are

1680
01:05:00,905 --> 01:05:04,039
many more multiple
access techniques

1681
01:05:04,039 --> 01:05:05,779
like CDMA code division,

1682
01:05:05,779 --> 01:05:06,559
multiple access,

1683
01:05:06,559 --> 01:05:09,270
non-orthogonal
Multiple Access,

1684
01:05:09,880 --> 01:05:11,959
OFDMA,

1685
01:05:11,959 --> 01:05:12,559
Orthogonal

1686
01:05:12,559 --> 01:05:13,910
Frequency Division
Multiple Access.

1687
01:05:13,910 --> 01:05:15,139
But let's take it easy

1688
01:05:15,139 --> 01:05:17,269
because it's an
introductory class k.

1689
01:05:17,269 --> 01:05:19,220
So that's the different

1690
01:05:19,220 --> 01:05:20,990
multiple access
techniques that we have.

1691
01:05:20,990 --> 01:05:23,810
So I don't know where
the object cool.

1692
01:05:23,810 --> 01:05:27,530
So here, before I
finish the lecture,

1693
01:05:27,530 --> 01:05:28,729
I want you to follow me

1694
01:05:28,729 --> 01:05:30,349
with an exercise here.

1695
01:05:30,349 --> 01:05:32,240
So let's see. So pay

1696
01:05:32,240 --> 01:05:33,799
attention a little bit to

1697
01:05:33,799 --> 01:05:35,389
the question because
then I will share

1698
01:05:35,389 --> 01:05:38,449
my tablet to
solve exercise.

1699
01:05:38,449 --> 01:05:40,845
So let's take an example.

1700
01:05:40,845 --> 01:05:43,960
And I say that I
have one gigabytes

1701
01:05:43,960 --> 01:05:47,484
giga bps seeing
here, okay?

1702
01:05:47,484 --> 01:05:52,090
And each user,
when it is active,

1703
01:05:52,090 --> 01:05:53,469
it transmits with one

1704
01:05:53,469 --> 01:05:55,074
candidate megabits
per second,

1705
01:05:55,074 --> 01:05:57,925
and it's active ten
per cent of the time.

1706
01:05:57,925 --> 01:06:00,980
So let's say.

1707
01:06:01,110 --> 01:06:04,974
Okay, so my total
communicate,

1708
01:06:04,974 --> 01:06:06,250
I mean, the capacity

1709
01:06:06,250 --> 01:06:07,645
of my communication link,

1710
01:06:07,645 --> 01:06:09,595
It's one gigabits
per second.

1711
01:06:09,595 --> 01:06:11,874
And it's use it.

1712
01:06:11,874 --> 01:06:14,260
When it transmits,
it needs

1713
01:06:14,260 --> 01:06:17,064
a date that it
transmits data here,

1714
01:06:17,064 --> 01:06:19,495
one candidate
megabits per second.

1715
01:06:19,495 --> 01:06:22,210
So this
communication link,

1716
01:06:22,210 --> 01:06:23,969
if I want it to
support that,

1717
01:06:23,969 --> 01:06:26,299
I'm switching
like give a seal

1718
01:06:26,299 --> 01:06:28,955
quit within quotes
to each user.

1719
01:06:28,955 --> 01:06:31,025
How many users I
can support and

1720
01:06:31,025 --> 01:06:34,309
why the net is.

1721
01:06:34,309 --> 01:06:36,815
How did you find it?

1722
01:06:36,815 --> 01:06:38,464
Because you take it up

1723
01:06:38,464 --> 01:06:39,590
one time to the bandwidth,

1724
01:06:39,590 --> 01:06:42,450
one type of term
you've got 10 users.

1725
01:06:43,330 --> 01:06:46,279
So I'll just say that
again. If you're

1726
01:06:46,279 --> 01:06:48,154
taking a 1 tenth
of the bandwidth,

1727
01:06:48,154 --> 01:06:49,505
1 tenth of the time,

1728
01:06:49,505 --> 01:06:52,249
you have it on for 10
users. Okay, cool.

1729
01:06:52,249 --> 01:06:54,274
Saw, saw,

1730
01:06:54,274 --> 01:06:57,229
and that's how I can
find some tangible net.

1731
01:06:57,229 --> 01:06:59,720
That's how I can find
the secret switching.

1732
01:06:59,720 --> 01:07:00,980
How much bandwidth, like

1733
01:07:00,980 --> 01:07:02,960
how many juices
I can support?

1734
01:07:02,960 --> 01:07:05,660
Let's go now to the
packet switching.

1735
01:07:05,660 --> 01:07:07,780
And the question is,

1736
01:07:07,780 --> 01:07:11,499
let's say that here
now I have 55 uses.

1737
01:07:11,499 --> 01:07:13,419
But they are both
nice tip that I

1738
01:07:13,419 --> 01:07:15,324
may not provocative study.

1739
01:07:15,324 --> 01:07:17,619
They probabilistic
electrons meet

1740
01:07:17,619 --> 01:07:19,344
10 per cent of the time.

1741
01:07:19,344 --> 01:07:20,710
So it doesn't mean
that I will have

1742
01:07:20,710 --> 01:07:22,524
35 Jesus always on.

1743
01:07:22,524 --> 01:07:24,834
And that is a
probability of being on.

1744
01:07:24,834 --> 01:07:26,739
So that when it

1745
01:07:26,739 --> 01:07:28,255
asks me to find
the probability of

1746
01:07:28,255 --> 01:07:30,640
having more about
the inactive users

1747
01:07:30,640 --> 01:07:32,244
at the same time.

1748
01:07:32,244 --> 01:07:33,594
Why tasks?

1749
01:07:33,594 --> 01:07:34,780
That question?

1750
01:07:34,780 --> 01:07:36,670
If I am adopting

1751
01:07:36,670 --> 01:07:39,025
the silk with
switching guys,

1752
01:07:39,025 --> 01:07:41,064
if I have more than 10,

1753
01:07:41,064 --> 01:07:45,739
uses canvas, simply
switching, support them.

1754
01:07:46,020 --> 01:07:49,730
Question and I
need some answers.

1755
01:07:51,730 --> 01:07:56,149
And as yes. No, it

1756
01:07:56,149 --> 01:07:58,669
will not support
more than 10 users.

1757
01:07:58,669 --> 01:08:01,804
Exhibit saw, saw.

1758
01:08:01,804 --> 01:08:04,745
In that case. I will
just simply switching.

1759
01:08:04,745 --> 01:08:05,644
I'm done.

1760
01:08:05,644 --> 01:08:07,219
I have a bottleneck I can

1761
01:08:07,219 --> 01:08:08,780
support more
about then uses.

1762
01:08:08,780 --> 01:08:11,600
So let's see what this
probability, however,

1763
01:08:11,600 --> 01:08:13,459
having more of that
then you says,

1764
01:08:13,459 --> 01:08:15,800
if I have a total of
75 view says what's

1765
01:08:15,800 --> 01:08:16,850
the probability
of having more

1766
01:08:16,850 --> 01:08:18,200
than 10 active users?

1767
01:08:18,200 --> 01:08:20,449
So let me share my tablet

1768
01:08:20,449 --> 01:08:21,949
here and let's
do a little bit

1769
01:08:21,949 --> 01:08:23,765
of probabilities.

1770
01:08:23,765 --> 01:08:26,010
Let's see.

1771
01:08:37,690 --> 01:08:40,200
Okay.

1772
01:08:48,560 --> 01:08:50,990
Okay, yeah, I'd
say that I'm using

1773
01:08:50,990 --> 01:08:53,880
the binomial
distribution guys.

1774
01:08:55,990 --> 01:08:59,269
And practically
my question is,

1775
01:08:59,269 --> 01:09:01,909
I want to find the
probability of

1776
01:09:01,909 --> 01:09:05,119
having more of them
then uses Socrates.

1777
01:09:05,119 --> 01:09:07,590
Guys, see my screen.

1778
01:09:13,500 --> 01:09:15,144
Okay.

1779
01:09:15,144 --> 01:09:16,419
Does anyone remember

1780
01:09:16,419 --> 01:09:20,029
the central limit theory?

1781
01:09:20,940 --> 01:09:23,170
Okay, that's okay.

1782
01:09:23,170 --> 01:09:24,009
If you don't remember it,

1783
01:09:24,009 --> 01:09:25,970
we will do together.

1784
01:09:28,230 --> 01:09:35,379
Alana or wherever
higher, larger.

1785
01:09:35,379 --> 01:09:37,519
Earlier.

1786
01:09:40,290 --> 01:09:42,805
I'm sorry, Alana,
but I think

1787
01:09:42,805 --> 01:09:45,620
I think your kids
they don't like me.

1788
01:09:45,690 --> 01:09:48,040
Yeah. Yeah, no, no.

1789
01:09:48,040 --> 01:09:49,390
I'm just making a joke.

1790
01:09:49,390 --> 01:09:52,494
Okay. So okay.

1791
01:09:52,494 --> 01:09:54,850
Let let let me
follow up on that.

1792
01:09:54,850 --> 01:09:57,320
Okay? So it, Let's
say that I'm using

1793
01:09:57,320 --> 01:09:58,760
the binomial
distribution and

1794
01:09:58,760 --> 01:10:00,439
I'm using the center
image theory,

1795
01:10:00,439 --> 01:10:02,585
what it says is
that the mean,

1796
01:10:02,585 --> 01:10:04,250
in this case, it will be

1797
01:10:04,250 --> 01:10:06,695
n. How many users I craft

1798
01:10:06,695 --> 01:10:08,869
multiplied by
the probability

1799
01:10:08,869 --> 01:10:10,939
of a user being active.

1800
01:10:10,939 --> 01:10:15,050
In my previous example,
guys, let's see.

1801
01:10:15,050 --> 01:10:17,090
Let's, let's ask some

1802
01:10:17,090 --> 01:10:18,439
students that I
know that they

1803
01:10:18,439 --> 01:10:22,589
did slightly probabilities
with mean by 341.

1804
01:10:23,140 --> 01:10:25,459
Let's say Masaccio.

1805
01:10:25,459 --> 01:10:26,780
Wow.

1806
01:10:26,780 --> 01:10:28,100
How many users I had

1807
01:10:28,100 --> 01:10:31,010
been taught that
in my system.

1808
01:10:31,010 --> 01:10:33,034
Or 35?

1809
01:10:33,034 --> 01:10:34,790
35, what was
the probability

1810
01:10:34,790 --> 01:10:36,319
of a user being active?

1811
01:10:36,319 --> 01:10:37,535
Temperature?

1812
01:10:37,535 --> 01:10:40,009
Okay, So practically
0.2 are excellent.

1813
01:10:40,009 --> 01:10:43,469
So the mean is 3.5.

1814
01:10:43,600 --> 01:10:48,079
Yeah. Stay with
me, Matthew.

1815
01:10:48,079 --> 01:10:48,799
Okay?

1816
01:10:48,799 --> 01:10:51,230
Okay, let me find the
standard deviation

1817
01:10:51,230 --> 01:10:53,705
in that case in my
binomial distribution,

1818
01:10:53,705 --> 01:10:56,149
I will have this on.

1819
01:10:56,149 --> 01:10:59,089
So based on what
math you said,

1820
01:10:59,089 --> 01:11:00,470
it will be 35 years

1821
01:11:00,470 --> 01:11:02,089
as multiplied with
the probability of

1822
01:11:02,089 --> 01:11:04,490
being back the 0.1

1823
01:11:04,490 --> 01:11:05,749
multiplied with
the probability

1824
01:11:05,749 --> 01:11:08,399
of not being active.

1825
01:11:08,490 --> 01:11:11,139
How much is Matthew?

1826
01:11:11,139 --> 01:11:17,935
C or 0.9?

1827
01:11:17,935 --> 01:11:19,135
Sorry, can I have all

1828
01:11:19,135 --> 01:11:20,890
So if I do this
calculation,

1829
01:11:20,890 --> 01:11:22,210
sorry, I've done
my homework,

1830
01:11:22,210 --> 01:11:23,650
it will be something
like that.

1831
01:11:23,650 --> 01:11:25,224
So let me go back and

1832
01:11:25,224 --> 01:11:26,979
do what Alaina
said earlier.

1833
01:11:26,979 --> 01:11:28,914
So I want to find
the probability of

1834
01:11:28,914 --> 01:11:31,644
having more than
10 users active.

1835
01:11:31,644 --> 01:11:35,080
So let me put

1836
01:11:35,080 --> 01:11:36,730
this as a cheat sheet

1837
01:11:36,730 --> 01:11:39,130
here and let me go
find the probability.

1838
01:11:39,130 --> 01:11:40,389
So the probability
of having

1839
01:11:40,389 --> 01:11:42,969
more than 10 uses active,

1840
01:11:42,969 --> 01:11:45,789
it is one minus

1841
01:11:45,789 --> 01:11:48,490
the probability of having

1842
01:11:48,490 --> 01:11:50,410
less than then use a sac.

1843
01:11:50,410 --> 01:11:51,775
If you agree.

1844
01:11:51,775 --> 01:11:53,455
If for someone that

1845
01:11:53,455 --> 01:11:55,450
the steps I'm not
going to stop me,

1846
01:11:55,450 --> 01:11:57,265
don't wait until the end.

1847
01:11:57,265 --> 01:12:00,295
So it's one of my news.

1848
01:12:00,295 --> 01:12:03,229
Less than 10 uses active.

1849
01:12:06,510 --> 01:12:10,224
Okay? And I know that
this thing with words.

1850
01:12:10,224 --> 01:12:12,625
So let me write that a
little bit with math.

1851
01:12:12,625 --> 01:12:14,799
So that means that
it's one minus

1852
01:12:14,799 --> 01:12:17,050
the probability of if

1853
01:12:17,050 --> 01:12:19,285
my random Baraboo

1854
01:12:19,285 --> 01:12:27,549
is they use,

1855
01:12:27,549 --> 01:12:31,040
I'd be the user
being active or not.

1856
01:12:35,730 --> 01:12:40,344
Then practically less
than 10 uses active,

1857
01:12:40,344 --> 01:12:42,565
mean that if I add that,

1858
01:12:42,565 --> 01:12:45,309
that random variable
from one to five,

1859
01:12:45,309 --> 01:12:47,844
I want it to be
less than 10.

1860
01:12:47,844 --> 01:12:52,459
And practically by using

1861
01:12:52,560 --> 01:12:55,299
the central limit theorem,

1862
01:12:55,299 --> 01:12:56,665
that would be equal

1863
01:12:56,665 --> 01:12:58,704
one minus the probability.

1864
01:12:58,704 --> 01:13:00,879
Guys. Now my random
variable is this one.

1865
01:13:00,879 --> 01:13:02,289
Okay? Oop.

1866
01:13:02,289 --> 01:13:04,135
So that what would

1867
01:13:04,135 --> 01:13:13,464
be 35 minus the mean

1868
01:13:13,464 --> 01:13:15,534
over the standard
deviation?

1869
01:13:15,534 --> 01:13:19,009
I have those
values from here.

1870
01:13:23,550 --> 01:13:25,839
So if I substitute it yet,

1871
01:13:25,839 --> 01:13:28,509
it will be one minus
the probability my

1872
01:13:28,509 --> 01:13:31,209
sigma j from one to

1873
01:13:31,209 --> 01:13:36,714
35 minus 3.5 over

1874
01:13:36,714 --> 01:13:42,715
1.75 to be less
or equal us.

1875
01:13:42,715 --> 01:13:44,109
I hate that. Sorry guys,

1876
01:13:44,109 --> 01:13:47,870
why no one south of 10?

1877
01:13:57,210 --> 01:14:00,924
So I can approximate
that with,

1878
01:14:00,924 --> 01:14:04,100
so I wanted to be SR
equality that to 10.

1879
01:14:04,100 --> 01:14:05,870
And based on my
central limit theorem,

1880
01:14:05,870 --> 01:14:08,675
I can approximate that
with a Z. I mean,

1881
01:14:08,675 --> 01:14:09,950
I can find the
probability from

1882
01:14:09,950 --> 01:14:13,084
the z-tables of the
binomial distribution.

1883
01:14:13,084 --> 01:14:16,505
So here I want it to be
less or equal to bed.

1884
01:14:16,505 --> 01:14:21,889
So what I will have here,

1885
01:14:21,889 --> 01:14:24,559
it will be one minus
the probability my C

1886
01:14:24,559 --> 01:14:29,209
variable to be less or
equal than minus 3.5.

1887
01:14:29,209 --> 01:14:33,420
It is out there
minus 3.46.5.

1888
01:14:36,400 --> 01:14:40,384
So let me see how
I've done this.

1889
01:14:40,384 --> 01:14:43,250
I've done, so
this c to be less

1890
01:14:43,250 --> 01:14:46,895
or equal from 36, 3.67.

1891
01:14:46,895 --> 01:14:49,220
And this one, I
can find it guys,

1892
01:14:49,220 --> 01:14:50,869
somebody tables if you

1893
01:14:50,869 --> 01:14:52,910
have any
probabilities book or

1894
01:14:52,910 --> 01:14:54,844
if you go online and

1895
01:14:54,844 --> 01:14:57,184
sets your z in
the z variable,

1896
01:14:57,184 --> 01:15:01,489
I can find this
probability and this one.

1897
01:15:01,489 --> 01:15:05,010
If I have done my
calculations correctly,

1898
01:15:05,020 --> 01:15:07,640
actually not
calculations retrieving

1899
01:15:07,640 --> 01:15:08,959
the value from the table.

1900
01:15:08,959 --> 01:15:10,715
It will be this one.

1901
01:15:10,715 --> 01:15:15,065
And that's why in
our, in my slides,

1902
01:15:15,065 --> 01:15:17,735
the probability of having

1903
01:15:17,735 --> 01:15:20,239
more than 10 uses active,

1904
01:15:20,239 --> 01:15:23,329
it was saying that
it was 0.0004.

1905
01:15:23,329 --> 01:15:25,745
But here it's not like
a probability class.

1906
01:15:25,745 --> 01:15:27,215
So my question is,

1907
01:15:27,215 --> 01:15:29,765
I want to go back
to my slides.

1908
01:15:29,765 --> 01:15:31,459
Is that a question
on Babble?

1909
01:15:31,459 --> 01:15:33,870
Can I stop sharing
the screen?

1910
01:15:35,410 --> 01:15:37,460
Hellenized it a question.

1911
01:15:37,460 --> 01:15:41,765
I see a hand up her
arm once again.

1912
01:15:41,765 --> 01:15:46,325
Are there any other
questions here? Okay.

1913
01:15:46,325 --> 01:15:49,249
The last thing here
that I want to say,

1914
01:15:49,249 --> 01:15:51,440
let me share my
slide a little

1915
01:15:51,440 --> 01:15:54,229
bit to make it
last observation.

1916
01:15:54,229 --> 01:15:58,260
Okay. Did you
see my screen?

1917
01:15:58,510 --> 01:16:00,770
Okay, alright.

1918
01:16:00,770 --> 01:16:02,944
So the last thing
that I wanted to

1919
01:16:02,944 --> 01:16:04,580
say Guys here is

1920
01:16:04,580 --> 01:16:06,215
that practically

1921
01:16:06,215 --> 01:16:09,095
when I'm using
packet switching,

1922
01:16:09,095 --> 01:16:11,510
Thirty-five,
both our users,

1923
01:16:11,510 --> 01:16:13,699
which are a lot, It's
not a small number.

1924
01:16:13,699 --> 01:16:15,170
C, sing about 75.

1925
01:16:15,170 --> 01:16:17,884
These are in our,
I don't know,

1926
01:16:17,884 --> 01:16:18,980
in my lab getting

1927
01:16:18,980 --> 01:16:20,450
connected with
that out then

1928
01:16:20,450 --> 01:16:22,309
saw if I got

1929
01:16:22,309 --> 01:16:24,110
35 users and 10 percent

1930
01:16:24,110 --> 01:16:26,254
of the time they
are active,

1931
01:16:26,254 --> 01:16:27,919
the probability of all

1932
01:16:27,919 --> 01:16:29,210
of them being
active at this,

1933
01:16:29,210 --> 01:16:30,680
more than 10 being
backed up at

1934
01:16:30,680 --> 01:16:32,330
the same time is very low.

1935
01:16:32,330 --> 01:16:34,670
Meaning that
they, you know,

1936
01:16:34,670 --> 01:16:36,319
as a secret citizen would

1937
01:16:36,319 --> 01:16:38,480
not operate that bad.

1938
01:16:38,480 --> 01:16:42,304
But obviously if exotic,

1939
01:16:42,304 --> 01:16:44,780
obviously if this
number goes high,

1940
01:16:44,780 --> 01:16:45,934
so more users are

1941
01:16:45,934 --> 01:16:47,329
connected to the
same it out,

1942
01:16:47,329 --> 01:16:49,129
then what do you think

1943
01:16:49,129 --> 01:16:52,069
it's going to happen
to this probability?

1944
01:16:52,069 --> 01:16:55,289
Increase or decrease?

1945
01:16:56,140 --> 01:16:58,580
I see Michael showing up.

1946
01:16:58,580 --> 01:17:00,514
Yes. Increase, Increase.

1947
01:17:00,514 --> 01:17:04,140
Could is that any
question, guys?

1948
01:17:06,280 --> 01:17:07,625
Good.

1949
01:17:07,625 --> 01:17:09,935
I know that you are
slightly tired.

1950
01:17:09,935 --> 01:17:12,034
I'll see you.

1951
01:17:12,034 --> 01:17:15,379
I'll see you next time.

1952
01:17:15,379 --> 01:17:17,330
And if I don't make

1953
01:17:17,330 --> 01:17:20,285
an announcement
for the room,

1954
01:17:20,285 --> 01:17:22,639
we will still be
online on Tuesday.

1955
01:17:22,639 --> 01:17:24,769
If I announce
another place,

1956
01:17:24,769 --> 01:17:26,929
i've I will make sure
that there's enough.

1957
01:17:26,929 --> 01:17:29,150
I will inform you all
through UNM Learn.

1958
01:17:29,150 --> 01:17:30,770
Is anyone here
that does not

1959
01:17:30,770 --> 01:17:34,680
receive any notifications
from UNM Learn?

1960
01:17:35,080 --> 01:17:36,664
Good.

1961
01:17:36,664 --> 01:17:38,299
If there is any
comment, guys,

1962
01:17:38,299 --> 01:17:39,785
I want you to
feel comfortable.

1963
01:17:39,785 --> 01:17:40,820
Send me an email.

1964
01:17:40,820 --> 01:17:46,260
Okay. See you on Tuesday.

1965
01:17:47,650 --> 01:17:49,249
Bye.

1966
01:17:49,249 --> 01:17:50,790
Thank you.

1967
01:17:51,940 --> 01:17:53,299
Thank you.

1968
01:17:53,299 --> 01:17:54,995
See you see yeah.

1969
01:17:54,995 --> 01:17:56,849
Thank you.