Transcript


00:17
and we'll go
00:19
web page in a minute but for now I'll
00:21
just show it to you if you don't have it
00:23
yet it's called a course in phonetics by
00:25
Peter Letta fo'get and revised by Keith
00:27
Johnson
00:28
Peter Latta fo'get was certainly one of
00:31
the greatest font additions who ever
00:33
lived and he was not only that he was
00:35
probably one of the very greatest
00:37
teachers of phonetics who ever lived he
00:39
died in 2006 he came to Taiwan at least
00:44
once probably more times I saw him once
00:46
in Taiwan and when you use the book you
00:49
will find out why we're so crazy about
00:50
it
00:51
I mean how many people really love a
00:53
textbook but in this class and we've
00:56
taught it for over 10 years now the
00:58
students end up really liking this
00:59
textbook and also the other one that
01:02
will use second semester if you're back
01:04
so Peter Latta fo'get is really the
01:07
master as far as I'm concerned this is
01:09
as far as I've heard is the best-selling
01:12
linguistic text in the States the
01:15
best-selling however in the u.s. it
01:19
costs over a hundred US dollars you paid
01:24
only about 490 is that right Taiwan
01:26
dollars well why is it so expensive it
01:29
doesn't look like it should be so
01:31
expensive right can you figure out why
01:33
they make it so expensive it's a sure
01:40
thing
01:40
it's so popular they can get a lot of
01:43
money from it so they do other books
01:45
don't make a lot of money so they make
01:47
up for it with this book and what's
01:49
happened is because of this some teacher
01:52
is no longer used this book because it's
01:54
too expensive so never mind all that we
01:57
don't have that problem here this is the
01:58
International Edition which they sell
02:00
for a reasonable price it's well worth
02:02
the cost here so every Monday you hand
02:07
in your notes from the previous week got
02:09
it and your notes include not only
02:12
things about phonetics from the textbook
02:15
things that I have no extra things that
02:17
I tell you but in addition you're going
02:20
to be reading from the textbook aloud
02:22
the camera will focus on you when you do
02:24
it and you will make mistakes how does
02:28
it feel when you make a mistake
02:32
does it feel wonderful
02:34
it feels pretty lousy we humans are
02:36
pretty afraid of making mistakes is that
02:38
right but you're going to need to have a
02:41
new view of mistakes as gifts these are
02:45
precious gifts because when I first
02:48
started teaching way back in 1998 I died
02:51
I thought I was okay you know I studied
02:55
linguistics and knew some Chinese and so
02:58
forth I thought I knew what I was doing
03:00
but my students were speaking a version
03:02
of English so I could usually understand
03:04
but it was very different from mine and
03:06
I couldn't really understand why it was
03:09
so different how it was so different
03:11
until I examined it closely I listened
03:13
to many many students speaking English
03:16
eventually I did a project with a goal
03:18
Kawai and we recorded over 200 people
03:22
speaking Thai seeing you yeah you have
03:25
your own dialect so city needn't is only
03:27
zone foggy and its high seeing you and
03:30
so I'm still working on the project now
03:32
I'll write on a book on it I hope to
03:34
finish it in another year or two there's
03:37
a very special kind of English called
03:38
ties that Union Taiwan style English and
03:41
you think well I'm very proud of that
03:44
there's Taiwanese English now I'm gone
03:46
wrong the thing is accents are not a
03:49
problem if they are understandable if
03:53
they are not so understandable it's a
03:56
problem now I want you to think of a
03:59
foreigner who speaks kind of weird
04:00
Chinese at first you think it's cute and
04:03
say and I would be hiding down a bit so
04:05
when I go to Holloway but when they when
04:08
they start saying boy should make
04:09
boarded and they keep on talking like
04:11
that your ears get a little tired of it
04:13
you don't always understand because
04:15
there's so many homophones and Chinese
04:18
so think of how you feel you think the
04:20
person is maybe not so smart you are
04:24
less competitive if you have a strong
04:26
accent and there's also the matter of
04:28
power now China is getting more powerful
04:31
everybody's noticed right so maybe
04:34
Chinese style English will get more and
04:37
more popular too I don't know it hasn't
04:39
happened yet we still have a problem
04:42
understand
04:43
Chinese English and Taiwan English when
04:46
your listener gets really tired I'll
04:49
give you an example do you know anybody
04:51
who is very old who comes from mainland
04:53
China
04:54
nan Jie and DA and their Mandarin has a
04:57
very very strong accent shining hands Oh
05:00
after they talk to you for 20 minutes
05:03
odd Li Hongzhi ho ho took with Jenna Oh
05:06
what are you okay can you understand
05:09
them you can understand them but after
05:12
20 minutes talking to this person how do
05:14
you feel you feel very tired is that
05:16
right that's how people feel listening
05:19
to Taiwan English we have to try very
05:22
hard to guess what you mean and after 20
05:25
minutes were exhausted so the next time
05:27
we see you do you think we're going to
05:29
be really excited and want to talk no
05:32
because it tires us out too much now
05:35
there are many reasons for needing a
05:37
good accent and this is really one of
05:39
them it's for your listener to make your
05:41
listener comfortable to make things easy
05:43
for your listener and then they want to
05:45
talk with you it's good for everybody
05:47
now we should be more tolerant of people
05:49
with an accent that is true but we
05:52
cannot teach all the listeners in the
05:54
world we can however try to help the
05:57
speakers do a better job that's what we
05:59
want to do in this class in addition to
06:02
learning the theory of phonetics as well
06:03
so pronunciation correction is a big
06:06
thing what I said about power it really
06:10
depends on how powerful and how popular
06:13
your version is so for example if you
06:16
hear the Frenchman speaking do you think
06:18
it is deadly tell me some people think
06:21
it's very charming and that's because
06:23
French has always been very prestigious
06:26
in English culture why we shouldn't say
06:28
always since at least many centuries
06:31
French has been very very prestigious in
06:33
English we admire the French just
06:36
because they are so sophisticated and
06:38
charming so we don't mind their accent
06:39
we think it's cute but before people
06:42
reaches that level of prestige their
06:46
accent is simply hard to understand I
06:49
had experience in class once that was
06:52
kind of funny I've lived in Taiwan so
06:54
long it's over 20 years
06:56
and I asked the students what they did
06:57
over winter vacation and one student
06:59
said T vegans did you all understand
07:03
she said T vegans some of you understand
07:09
it because you speak Tao in English I
07:11
asked at a phonology conference a few
07:14
years ago it was full of native speakers
07:16
of English not one person could
07:19
understand it nobody understood it and
07:21
we just kept laughing finally I said
07:23
well tell us what is it what is it it
07:25
was TV games TV games a lot of you
07:29
understood it TV games there was a
07:32
problem with stress there was no final M
07:35
so your listener is not just giving you
07:38
a hard time they really don't understand
07:40
and when they don't understand their
07:41
patience but we're thin okay so this is
07:45
just a little talk about the importance
07:46
of pronunciation if you think that it's
07:49
there's no point at being very very
07:50
picky about pronunciation you're in the
07:52
wrong class you probably will have to
07:53
try something else here is my website
07:55
and it's very easy to find all you have
07:58
to do is type in Karen Joan or she
08:01
Jolyon will work just as well but it's
08:03
not Jelena puzzling Selene and oh no -
08:06
ha while you want upon show you pounce
08:09
on Moline alright these are for all of
08:12
my classes this is the one that we need
08:15
for this class introduction to phonetics
08:17
Quan and we'll have a look at the index
08:22
there we're going to start now with one
08:27
overview of introduction to phonetics
08:29
page 1 most of the information you need
08:32
to know to get going in this class is on
08:34
that page we need a standard version of
08:37
English for English education and in
08:39
Taiwan they decided in the 1960s it was
08:42
going to be American English we will
08:44
call it GA general American or SAE
08:48
standard American English now you will
08:50
get a lot of people scoffing that and
08:54
saying that there is no such thing as
08:56
standard English or standard any
08:57
language that's true to a certain extent
09:00
but on the other hand there is a version
09:02
with certain features that we all pretty
09:05
much agree on can be called standard in
09:08
the
09:08
can in glitch it's mainly based on
09:11
Midwestern English starting from say
09:13
Ohio and Indiana and going west
09:15
pretty much most most of that part of
09:18
the country speaks what we would call
09:20
general American or standard English the
09:23
biggest differences differences in
09:26
pronunciation and dialect come in
09:27
different parts of the country all right
09:29
we're going to start our participation
09:32
now in the class anybody want to guess
09:34
which parts of the US probably have more
09:38
variation as regards dialects anybody
09:42
yeah
09:44
okay New Jersey that's on the East Coast
09:47
New Jersey New York New England all of
09:51
those places have a lot of different
09:53
dialects Boston they're very famous for
09:56
this this one sentence that everybody
09:58
cites
09:58
GOPAC you kinda have it Yad and I lived
10:02
in Boston for a semester and my landlady
10:05
talked just like that so the dialects
10:08
are not necessarily spoken by everybody
10:10
all the time
10:11
but there are many different dialects I
10:13
have a friend from Boston who's in his
10:16
30s and he has a very strong Boston
10:19
accent and sometimes I have to ask him
10:21
to repeat what he says okay and usually
10:24
they can tone it down when they feel
10:26
that standard English is expected
10:28
because dialects are not appropriate in
10:31
every single situation sometimes we
10:33
expect standard English and so usually
10:36
people who speak a dialect will also
10:37
learn the standard varieties so they can
10:39
code switch to code switch means to
10:42
choose the right language for the right
10:43
situation our standard will be standard
10:47
American or general American but we're
10:49
also going to talk a lot about standard
10:51
southern British they have an
10:53
abbreviation SSB and my British friend
10:57
calls it RP a lot I mean that's used by
11:00
some people not by everybody which
11:01
stands for received pronunciation that
11:03
means it's the pronunciation that we
11:06
think sounds the most educated and the
11:09
most appropriate and correct you should
11:11
know that most people in Britain now do
11:14
not speak this language English is
11:18
changing so for example you will hear
11:21
young
11:22
people say one two three four is there
11:26
anything kind of funny about that okay
11:30
look at those free buildings free
11:33
buildings
11:34
is there anything kind of unusual about
11:36
that what's different one two three four
11:40
what's wrong they don't stick out their
11:43
tongue three one two three four it's
11:45
becoming free now my British friend who
11:49
is over 50 says oh we call that estuary
11:52
English I won't write it now estuary
11:55
English is a kind of popular teenager
11:58
version of English that's become that's
12:01
being adopted by many people but I
12:03
listened to the BBC almost every day and
12:05
people over 30 and over 40 are talking
12:08
like this more and more so British
12:10
English is changing it's no longer like
12:12
what you hear in the most conservative
12:16
BBC BBC broadcasts or you learn in text
12:18
books is changing building the L after
12:21
vowels is disappearing it's becoming you
12:23
building alright we're going to talk
12:26
about RP or standard British English a
12:28
lot that was Peter latter folk it's
12:30
dialect and we're also going to talk
12:33
about other dialects of English as well
12:35
and there are plenty of other ones
12:36
there's South African English there's
12:38
Australian Canadian English we're going
12:40
to learn about something called Canadian
12:41
raising there's Indian English the
12:44
English they speak in Singapore the
12:45
Philippines etc probably once a week we
12:47
will have a dictation and the dictation
12:49
will seem very very simple but I have
12:53
found that students often have a lot of
12:55
problem with vowels for example ten-ton
12:59
tongue tone are you sure about all of
13:04
those we have trouble with a lot of
13:06
those similar vowels tun tongue tone
13:09
those three often get mixed up for
13:11
example and run run run run both in that
13:17
case it's not the vowels it's the N and
13:19
G ending but they seem like really
13:22
simple words but they're simple in a
13:24
sentence for example I have a ton of
13:26
work to do and stick out your tongue and
13:30
you use the wrong tone
13:32
that case is perfectly clear ton tongue
13:36
tone many people get them wrong and I
13:41
like I said I've taught this class for
13:42
over 10 years and people still get them
13:45
wrong often til towards the end of first
13:48
semester they still have problems so
13:50
we're going to give you usually ten
13:52
items out of context you will find how
13:55
much you rely on context to understand
13:58
things in English at least some of you
13:59
out of context it's not so easy the
14:03
purpose of all this is not so much a lot
14:05
of technical information memorizing
14:08
rules or even specifically changing your
14:12
pronunciation or anything like that the
14:14
thing is we want you to sharpen your
14:16
ears so they're so sensitive that you
14:18
notice all kinds of things that you
14:20
never notice before now there's good and
14:22
bad in this because sometimes you will
14:25
start criticizing your friends and
14:27
they'll get really irritated at you
14:29
unfriend you on Facebook I just think
14:31
you're a real pain you really need to be
14:33
careful how you use it you will also
14:35
notice it in teachers I have to warn you
14:37
and when it happens on teachers then you
14:40
really have to be mature about it okay
14:41
just put it in your notes okay we all
14:44
have our mistakes and you will notice my
14:46
weaknesses in other areas but in
14:48
pronunciation that's one we are going to
14:50
be able to catch people but it is good
14:53
for you because as a future teacher of
14:54
English or as somebody who's interested
14:57
in linguistics and language that is
14:59
something very very basic we need to
15:01
learn how to listen and be sensitive and
15:03
we're going to go on next to another
15:06
page that's going to introduce you to
15:08
the different areas of linguistics and
15:11
phonetics so where does linguistics
15:13
phonetics fit into in linguistics in
15:16
general okay we're just going to start
15:19
we're going to go around the room tell
15:21
me your name and then I'm going to ask
15:22
you to come up here and then I want you
15:25
to read a bit so you're first your name
15:27
is Danny Danny Danny okay so come on up
15:33
I think it's better than bringing out
15:37
the computers because everybody gets in
15:39
their own little world if we pull up the
15:40
computers
15:42
okay all right we're going to start here
15:44
everybody follow along and listen in
15:47
addition to chapter one of late for all
15:50
right let's learn his name first of all
15:52
I say Latta fokin and most people I know
15:54
say lad a folk and hang on just one
15:56
second
15:57
he says laddie folk good he should know
16:00
it's his name he says laddie fo'get but
16:03
I'm saying lad I've said Latta folk it's
16:05
so long I'm not going to change it to
16:06
laddie folk good now and we used to have
16:09
a Danish colleague and I asked him how
16:12
you say this in Danish because this is a
16:14
Danish name now watch and listen
16:17
carefully
16:18
he said lad the fool this is how I
16:23
remember I even recorded him saying it
16:25
this is how it's pronounced in the
16:26
original Danish listen and watch again
16:29
laughs oh now you're not expected to say
16:35
it Danish but be aware as I remember it
16:37
if I remember correctly that's how you
16:39
say it we say latter fo'get okay latter
16:41
it you can get some help from a
16:47
site of the University College London
16:50
UCL offers an abundance of online
16:53
phonetic resources all right
16:56
phonetics resources I'm going to start
16:58
telling you things about pronunciation
17:00
as we go along what happens is it takes
17:02
a long time and that's why we go so slow
17:04
in this class but each one is important
17:07
and it's stuff that's mostly not in the
17:08
textbook so I'm going to tell you two
17:10
things about those two words everybody
17:12
got your notebook ready and your pen
17:14
this goes in your notes and I want to
17:17
see them on next Monday because it's
17:18
important number one is the name of the
17:20
course is phonetics it's not phonetics
17:23
because is the first syllable stressed
17:28
phonetics DK Jo Jong in MA no many
17:32
unstressed syllables in English are
17:34
pronounced with an upside-down II which
17:36
is called a schwa it's also called a
17:38
neutral vowel in Chinese it's called a
17:40
Jungian mouth shittaka Xiao Jie to e so
17:44
it's pronounced phonetics phonetics
17:47
everybody remember that because every
17:49
single semester it takes like about half
17:52
a semester just to fix that so starting
17:55
from today it's no longer phonetics it's
17:58
not really wrong if we can't hear you
18:01
clearly you might say I didn't say I
18:03
didn't say frenetic Sai said phonetics
18:06
we may say it in those situations but
18:09
normally we use a neutral vowel
18:11
phonetics everybody phonetics and it's
18:15
not fanatics because there's a corner
18:17
felicity's I want you to be quandra
18:20
about phonetics I want you to be fanatic
18:23
about phonetics but I don't want you to
18:25
call phonetics phonetics all right so
18:27
two things to watch out for the medics
18:30
diarga boots of fanatics of phonetics j
18:34
ba b all kind of at that phonetics
18:36
phonetics all right that's two things
18:38
about phonetics but there were two big
18:40
things originally the other thing is
18:42
about resources or sin like Dan Gahan
18:44
show me how to get back Wade so
18:45
everybody pay attention to put this down
18:47
to see Tim Kaname Jaguar unless you're a
18:49
former student in which case you know it
18:52
what part of speech is phonetics let's
18:57
delay it's a noun good how about
19:00
resources summits today it's also a noun
19:03
phonetics here is a noun but it is
19:05
functioning as an adjective
19:08
even has I shows your resources so this
19:10
is actually a compound have done you
19:13
take a compound put on your suit I chose
19:16
fine all right
19:17
so means to demean so you got to go to
19:20
any tofu huh means to the far homey and
19:23
Onegin means if they show you that means
19:25
may yo Johnny got it this is a big rule
19:28
that almost nobody on Taiwan knows if
19:30
you listen to Ivy you know it because I
19:32
say it on the radio a lot and in class a
19:34
lot I say a lot because most people
19:37
don't know it and that's a part of
19:39
pronunciation that many teachers of
19:41
English don't do right many teachers of
19:44
English don't get it right because it's
19:46
not taught here most people are not
19:48
aware of it
19:48
but it is just as important as I'll give
19:51
you an example if a foreigner says wow
19:53
it's like a don't see how that's done
19:55
that ha how do you like that everybody
19:59
think it's funny
20:00
why is it funny
20:03
right if I say pun how can you
20:06
understand but do you like it no it
20:10
sounds really awkward and incorrect is
20:13
that right that's exactly how it sounds
20:17
when you say phonetic resources you
20:19
sound very excited and I don't know why
20:21
you're so excited and happy well I know
20:24
the resources are great but not that
20:26
great it's not that big a deal
20:28
we don't say phonetics resources we say
20:31
listen carefully phonetics resources
20:35
phonetics resources yeah online
20:39
phonetics resources online phonetics
20:43
resources alright this is a big rule
20:46
we'll be coming back to it again and
20:48
again because it is so little known in
20:50
Taiwan so when you're reading mark up
20:53
your text ahead of time if you want to
20:55
do a good job on the camera pre read
20:59
preview your text before you come to
21:01
class and mark all of the compounds so
21:04
you can get it right the first time and
21:06
then you can be very Dooley because I
21:08
will really praise you I will be so
21:10
impressed because most people will miss
21:12
it go to this site oh sorry
21:14
of online phonetics resources continue
21:17
online phonetics resources ok many of
21:20
which we will draw on in this course
21:22
draw on in this course this is fun Kylie
21:25
and one alright we're going to talk
21:26
about freezing but not right now because
21:28
it's a little too much we will draw on
21:30
weights homes all trees here I told all
21:34
chewed oh yeah let's just finish the
21:36
paragraph go to this site for a concise
21:39
introduction to the various fields of
21:41
linguistics and how phonetics fits into
21:45
the big picture along with lots of
21:47
useful links unify our first reader
21:51
that's enough the Bell has rung we're
21:54
going to open the link and look at it
21:55
second hour so break time alright we're
22:00
going to go look at a page at University
22:03
College London UCL for short and this is
22:06
a very very special University because
22:09
it's sort of like the world centre of
22:12
phonetics in my open
22:13
they have a lot of very strong people in
22:16
phonetics some of them are retired like
22:18
John Wells now retired but they are just
22:21
very very strong in phonetics and they
22:23
have incredibly good online resources
22:26
for it for phonetics we're going to use
22:27
one of them right now but that's not the
22:29
only one there are many others so if you
22:31
enjoy this kind of stuff you can just
22:33
explore the sites of the faculty who
22:35
teach phonetics at UCL we're going to go
22:38
to this page just for some background a
22:45
little overview and we'll go over them
22:46
fairly quickly because they don't relate
22:48
directly to what we're doing they just
22:50
kind of give us a context alright you
22:54
can see pretty clearly the first one is
22:56
what in Chinese 2 5 and that sounds
23:02
fancier than 1/5 right and in mainland
23:05
China they tend to say you 5 so we have
23:07
3 different terms which all mean grammar
23:09
but for school grammar in China they
23:12
usually say you find Taiwan they say one
23:13
font but when we study it as a branch of
23:17
linguistics we call it syntax so the
23:20
example is he gave the book to Mary is
23:22
fine but gave a book the Mary too does
23:25
not work we will not be able to process
23:27
that very easily
23:28
unless you're Yoda in Star Wars I
23:31
haven't watched Star Wars but I hear
23:33
about Yoda all the time because for
23:35
example I am back the going to that's
23:39
the way he talks he mixes up his words
23:42
he has his own grammar but normally that
23:45
doesn't work in standard English so
23:46
syntax is about putting words in the
23:49
right order with the right endings and
23:51
so forth and so on so that they form a
23:54
sentence semantics in Chinese is you e
23:59
that's right that's where we study the
24:01
meanings of words and their example here
24:03
is a meaning of sentences in the
24:07
sentence he gave the book to Mary what
24:09
was happening who was doing the giving
24:11
who was doing the receiving that's just
24:12
a very small example we look deeply into
24:14
the meanings of words and semantics this
24:17
seems to be a somewhat less developed
24:19
area of linguistics sent at syntax is
24:22
more greatly developed a lot of people
24:24
in linguistics do syntax
24:26
partly due or maybe to a great part due
24:29
to Noam Chomsky and is generative
24:32
grammar and all is various incarnations
24:34
of that so syntax is quite big in
24:36
linguistics semantics not quite as many
24:39
people do what there are many people
24:40
doing it but not quite as many and it's
24:42
not quite as developed I would say in
24:44
the bigger scheme of things pragmatics
24:46
is your Yamcha now if I give you
24:53
something that you need and you
24:54
appreciate you will answer by saying
24:58
normally you will say thank you
25:01
is thank you always appropriate now do
25:05
you know a situation where it wouldn't
25:06
be so appropriate have many of you been
25:11
to mainland China true global Ummah all
25:16
right do they say shisha all the time
25:18
like we do in Taiwan no and jism all
25:22
they will think you're really strange
25:24
sometimes because until recently they
25:28
did not say shisha very much and not
25:30
just because they're rude although
25:31
honestly to our ears having been in
25:35
taiwan for many years they will sound
25:37
rude to us in many situations when they
25:39
sound when they talk to each other as
25:41
friends they often sound like there's i
25:43
told ya
25:43
but if they say wow you suck up a muffin
25:47
by Shama they think that you're really
25:50
young Chan
25:52
they have a whole different standard of
25:55
interaction now it's not that one is
25:57
good and one is bad it's what people are
25:59
used to we have a social contract
26:00
everybody agrees on pretty much on some
26:04
standard forms of behavior and xiè xiè
26:06
is not standard at all in the languages
26:08
of the world I was told that in Nepal as
26:11
well and probably many other countries
26:13
saying thank you can be insulting me
26:16
tight my low you don't say thank you to
26:19
somebody of course I will do this
26:20
because I love you I'm your family
26:22
member I'm your friend or whatever so
26:24
saying thank you is not always correct
26:26
although it's definitely expected here
26:28
in Taiwan we're really big on yet
26:30
how you said right we're really big on
26:32
that those belong to pragmatics it's the
26:36
kind of language that's appropriate for
26:37
each different situation and for how
26:40
useful works for just about anything in
26:41
Taiwan doesn't it just about anything
26:44
somebody's giving you a letter right
26:45
make a quite a song like Appa Howie's so
26:48
about technology some Guinea so that
26:51
works for Taiwan but you're not going to
26:53
find that elsewhere there are many other
26:54
examples as well like what do you say
26:56
when you bump into somebody those things
26:59
belong to pragmatics just with summit on
27:01
Julio semantics la morphology has two
27:05
common translations into Chinese which
27:07
are goats this year I think that's the
27:11
best translation because it's the
27:12
clearest the other translation is Ching
27:15
hai shared because morph means a form
27:18
it's a study of the forms of words so
27:22
for example they give you they say here
27:27
like likes liked likeness likely
27:30
likelihood we find different patterns
27:32
here that's all part of morphology part
27:34
of that however does belong to syntax
27:36
like likes liked that's more part of
27:39
syntax that's where morphology and
27:42
syntax overlap it belongs to both
27:44
morphology were very interested in how
27:46
words are put together for example for
27:50
example pre heat pre means before and
27:55
heat means to make something hot right
27:58
so we have the word to heat please heat
28:00
up your food in the microwave you can
28:03
preheat it before you do some
28:06
thing else to preheat something or
28:08
please preheat it before you use the the
28:12
iron or whatever it is so putting words
28:14
together for example a prefix and a stem
28:17
that's morphology phonology that sounds
28:21
a lot like phonetics does anybody know
28:23
the Chinese for phonology and the
28:26
difference between phonology and
28:27
phonetics we're going to be talking
28:29
about phonology in this course because
28:31
you have to have both together you have
28:35
to have phonology in order to do
28:36
phonetics and vice-versa
28:37
what is phonology and Chinese Xiang Yun
28:41
Jie also called in Urantia it's all the
28:44
same it's a study of not just the
28:49
pronunciation we talk about
28:51
pronunciation and phonetics but also
28:53
what basic sounds are used by a language
28:56
for example what is the set of phonemes
29:00
that means the set of sounds that we use
29:03
in a language that's really phonology
29:05
and how do they come together for
29:08
example we can put s and T together we
29:10
can say say and we can say stay and we
29:13
can add an R stray but can we say stoop
29:16
a now that doesn't work that's one part
29:21
of phonology called phonotactics so
29:23
studying the patterns and the rules the
29:26
structures of sound and language in
29:29
language is phonology then we have
29:32
phonetics which is what we are doing
29:34
that is in Chinese you in Xie the main
29:39
thing we are studying is the physical
29:41
phenomenon of sound we're also studying
29:43
patterns we're also studying phonology
29:45
but we're more interested in the details
29:48
than the people in phonology the people
29:50
in phonology are more interested in
29:51
system and structure we are interested
29:54
in those things too but we're also
29:56
really interested in the details we're
29:58
interested in a lot of details so maybe
30:02
if I say put and I say put are those two
30:06
different words put it down and put it
30:08
down are those two different words no
30:12
they're the same word but they sound
30:13
exactly the same no did it make a
30:17
difference though
30:18
not really but some people maybe use a
30:20
lot of air and some people don't
30:22
now that maybe one detail that we are
30:24
interested in in phonetics we look at
30:26
all the details often the so called
30:28
details in fact affect the structure so
30:30
it's not that easy to pull those two
30:32
apart
30:33
but in general in phonetics we are
30:35
interested in a physical phenomenon and
30:37
we're interested in a lot of details
30:39
after that is psycholinguistics
30:43
in Chinese that is she'll eat you and
30:50
share and that is the study of how the
30:53
human brain processes language so for
30:57
example if I give you a word as a sort
31:02
of suggestion
31:03
I just flash the word food on the screen
31:06
and then the next word is Beacon what do
31:10
you think a lot of people will think
31:11
that word is beacon bei Co n well a lot
31:18
of people might think it's bacon pay
31:19
good right because you're already
31:21
thinking of food now I pulled that
31:23
example out not really out of the air it
31:25
actually happened in a test a lot of
31:28
people translated Beacon as bacon that's
31:32
because probably at the beginning of
31:34
that paragraph they said that Americans
31:37
are all fat and no meat did anybody take
31:41
that test okay because I know this is a
31:44
test recently given some in some of you
31:46
maybe have taken it so Americans are all
31:48
fat and no meat they think they are the
31:51
beacon of the world everybody said
31:56
Americans thought they were the pagan of
31:58
the world everybody now one problem is
32:02
they probably didn't know the word
32:03
beacon which means a bright shining
32:05
light that guides ships a guiding light
32:08
that's a beacon de ACON but because they
32:11
were already thinking of meat and fat
32:15
they probably were pushed towards the
32:18
idea of bacon now that's something for a
32:21
psycho linguist to look into that's
32:23
called priming we've had a suggestion
32:25
that what we're saying has maybe
32:28
something to do with food and so that's
32:30
probably why their brain called
32:31
bacon so quickly besides it was more
32:33
familiar a psycho linguistics and
32:35
sociolinguistics and Chinese so what
32:38
you're in straight you guys know that
32:39
better alright or at least you're more
32:41
forthcoming this is a study of how
32:44
language variation is related to its use
32:46
in society to form groups of
32:48
geographical region with home the D Chu
32:51
economic class just gingy's on the digi
32:54
or ethnicity putana zone zoo or to Trin
32:58
so everybody has different ways of
33:01
talking and most of us have many
33:02
different ways of talking those are
33:04
topics that social linguists are
33:06
interested in and computational
33:08
linguistics is the study of how
33:10
computers can be used to analyze and
33:12
generate sentences it's actually a big
33:15
field and basically everybody has to do
33:18
computational linguistics now a one
33:21
common use of it is corpus linguistics
33:23
we collect lots and lots of language
33:25
data and then we see how people really
33:28
talk we see if there are patterns in the
33:29
data that's just a very a very a very
33:33
easy way to put it and the application
33:37
of linguistic theory to language
33:38
teaching that is applied linguistics
33:41
basically and applied linguistics is in
33:45
jung-hyun sure okay and that about
33:48
covers it so that's where phonetics fits
33:52
in there these are not all of the
33:54
subfields but these are probably the
33:55
biggest ones the ones that are best
33:57
known and let's look now at the next
34:00
paragraph what is phonetic let's have
34:02
another reader would you like to read
34:03
for us start from the title I'm really
34:06
big on titles by the way please note
34:08
that down you need to read all the
34:10
section titles and headings and things
34:12
in this class
34:13
go ahead q what is phonetics phonetics
34:19
is the study of speech is concerned with
34:22
health speech cells can be categorized
34:24
how they are generated in degenerated
34:28
generate it in the human vocal tract
34:32
alright I'm going to have to correct a
34:34
couple things because they're so common
34:36
note them down now and remember them
34:38
because we're going to read them again
34:40
and again in the textbook
34:41
now how speech
34:45
then that UNT ties with some Young's is
34:48
one possible interpretation but it's not
34:50
it's how speech sounds just in in this
34:54
case it is a compound so we don't say
34:59
speech sounds we say speech sounds
35:01
that's the first thing and the second
35:03
one is generated a lot of people make
35:08
with the stress on the second syllable
35:09
in American English it's generated and
35:11
third vocal tract
35:13
yesica compound vocal Sica she knows it
35:17
but there are some some expressions like
35:20
this that are stressed like a compound
35:22
and vocal tract is one of them so speech
35:25
sounds generated vocal tract okay go why
35:29
they each sell different you the
35:31
listener is a nerve listener we go up
35:34
mm-hmm when we're not done speaking okay
35:38
that's called a continuation rise let's
35:40
go on and how the listener is able to
35:44
recognize them recognize them recognize
35:47
what's the G everybody I put the G in
35:50
some people maybe don't recognize
35:53
recognize
35:56
mm-hmm okay and watch the M in them a
35:59
lot of Taiwanese will say then follow
36:02
them go on the study of the organization
36:07
of speech cells in a language is Co
36:10
phonology okay called code not cold not
36:15
cold call a halt called well the study
36:21
of how humans use their vocal
36:24
appearances okay this is another word
36:27
we'll see a lot it's a Latin word vocal
36:29
apparatus good vocal tract a young homie
36:32
mojo mean everyone vocal apparatus good
36:36
okay it's called articulatory phonetics
36:41
alright that sounds more British
36:43
articulatory some people say it that way
36:45
an American is articulatory articulatory
36:48
let's try that articulatory articulatory
36:53
phonetics
36:57
we call that sighing ensure it's the
37:00
study of how we produce sounds okay the
37:05
study of the quality of the cells used
37:07
to sing signal different pronunciations
37:12
is called acoustic phonetics acoustic
37:16
phonetics and that's Suncheon share
37:18
that's the physics of sound also watch
37:20
your th the the mm-hmm well the study of
37:26
hell we receive and decode speech cells
37:30
is sometimes called auditory phonetics
37:33
auditory phonetics that means teenager
37:36
teen jerk means share it's a study of
37:38
how we hear language okay finally the
37:41
general field of study in which
37:43
instruments are used to study speech
37:46
pronunciation and perception is wait
37:50
wait wait
37:50
study wet and it's a compound accessory
37:54
speech production
37:56
speech production
37:58
em attained out dong in boo Yong Hwa
38:01
speech production we don't say speech
38:03
excuse me speech production its speech
38:05
production okay
38:07
and perception is called experimental
38:12
phonetics experimental Follette
38:15
experimental finance jangula so minima
38:19
jump experimental phonetics experimental
38:22
phonetics pretty good okay thank you
38:24
thank you very much okay Jung take it
38:28
back we're not going to clap every time
38:31
somebody reads but we're just getting
38:33
going and the first ones are especially
38:34
brave all right so now you should have
38:37
an idea of the kinds of things that
38:39
we're going to study in phonetics these
38:41
are different sub branches of phonetics
38:44
our phonology we already talked about
38:46
the difference between phonetics and
38:48
phonology phonology is not a branch of
38:49
phonetics there I would say that they're
38:51
equal articulatory phonetics Sir Andrew
38:55
Huff I mean how do we produce the sounds
38:57
for example what do we do to pronounce
38:59
an M sound what do we do we put our lips
39:04
together so we're going to learn a lot
39:06
of words that describe what we do to
39:08
produce sounds like hmm so articulatory
39:11
phonetics acoustic phonetics is the
39:14
study of sound it's the physics of sound
39:17
auditory phonetics and that's how we
39:20
hear sound we hear the sounds of
39:22
language with our ears and experimental
39:24
phonetics any time you're using any kind
39:27
of equipment any kind of instruments to
39:31
study language that's experimental
39:32
phonetics okay we are done with this
39:35
page there's another page about what
39:40
people in linguistics do and you can
39:43
read that on your own if you like it's
39:44
optional so that's this link we're not
39:46
going to go to that but I will show you
39:49
this page it's on my website it's
39:53
language and linguistics links if you're
39:56
looking for all kinds of language
39:58
resources that's that's on my website if
40:00
you go to the the home page you will see
40:06
it here where it says language and
40:09
linguistics that goes to that page
40:11
stress I get nigga against Russia
40:14
to handle its Lu yet so those are good
40:16
things to know about as well
40:17
let's go back to our page we're here and
40:22
we're going to go now to page 2 we'll
40:28
get through this really quickly
40:29
some people say that they actually
40:32
really like this class because it's so
40:34
concrete a lot of classes in the Y when
40:37
she do they have dealt and I know does
40:42
that sometimes make it very difficult
40:44
for you to know what did I learn from
40:45
this class do you sometimes have that
40:48
feeling you don't know exactly what it
40:50
was you learned from the class because a
40:52
lot of the things that you get from the
40:54
class are very intangible they've made
40:57
you more sensitive more aware you're
41:00
thinking about all kinds of questions of
41:03
morals or of how people interact all
41:05
kinds of things but you can't really
41:07
quantify it very easily in this class
41:10
you can things are very very duty and we
41:13
have a lot of bells and Diet it doesn't
41:15
mean that we're positive that everything
41:16
is right it's full of mistakes like any
41:18
other field but we really go more for
41:22
concrete things in this class so it's
41:24
easier to test you on a lot of the
41:26
things that we cover in this class it's
41:27
much more concrete both are important so
41:31
this committee balance off some of that
41:32
feeling of Schuelke elmo tell me how or
41:36
whatever it is so um all right the areas
41:42
of physics we've already mentioned is
41:44
acoustics so we'll study that mainly
41:47
second semester it's will have all kinds
41:50
of demonstrations with toys we bring
41:52
toys to class we bring musical
41:54
instruments to class and we have all
41:56
kinds of fun software so second semester
41:58
is really cool it's just really fun
42:00
because you get to play and I think that
42:03
learning is best done through playing
42:06
learning should be fun we're born to
42:08
love learning you look at children they
42:10
want to figure everything out at some
42:12
point we start not liking schools
42:14
sometimes because they're forcing things
42:17
on us too fast and they're not very
42:19
interesting but left to explore every
42:21
single human being loves to learn
42:23
and fun teaches us a lot of things so
42:26
second semester we're going to do a lot
42:28
of that we're going to have some fun
42:29
things to play with okay and you'll get
42:33
a lot of science stuff you will actually
42:35
do some math second semester that
42:36
everybody can handle some people got so
42:39
confident and so happy that they could
42:41
do math they thought that they were
42:43
lousy at math but after we did
42:45
logarithms she said this is no problem
42:47
at all I can handle this
42:49
she went on to do advanced calculus and
42:51
she now has a PhD in in Y and Julia in
42:59
in language therapy okay so if you learn
43:03
it at the right pace step-by-step I
43:06
think anybody can learn anything and
43:08
then you will gain a lot of confidence
43:10
from this class if you go through this
43:12
can as I mentioned what we really want
43:14
to do is develop a keener sensitive
43:17
sensitivity to sounds into language in
43:19
general so you're going to start
43:21
noticing things around you start taking
43:23
notes whenever I'm listening to the
43:26
radio whenever I hear somebody say
43:28
something interesting I just got a piece
43:30
of paper with my to-do list and I
43:32
scribble down notes and I go home now
43:33
she will dear now and you end up with a
43:35
lot of material that you probably would
43:37
forget otherwise so start taking notes
43:40
about stuff around you interesting
43:42
things in language for example what
43:46
characterises Baby Talk in Taiwan how do
43:49
you speak to children what kinds of
43:51
things do you do with language hmm deeds
43:56
to the right for example shall Tata
43:58
right so you have reduplicating is that
44:02
the only thing you do sorry you speak
44:06
slowly you speak with a higher pitched
44:08
voice usually two little children people
44:11
do that in most languages and what's
44:13
another thing you do with tones in China
44:15
and Taiwan tones chunk out your muslim
44:18
Autopia alright how do you say elder
44:23
brother in Chinese Google in theory
44:26
right Beijing has good does anybody say
44:30
good no nobody says good does some
44:34
people say good
44:36
is that okay yeah that's okay all right
44:39
but what are you usually call here right
44:43
now does the first tone normally turn
44:46
into a third tone not normally we don't
44:51
say tota cha-cha-cha we tend to do this
44:55
with a lot of relatives names of family
44:59
members and relatives right you can do
45:02
it with the other ones how about a
45:03
little sister and that has another
45:06
meaning now doesn't it nigga maymay yeah
45:10
okay and how about father ba ba ba ba
45:14
you usually say Papa all right this is
45:19
just an example now you take it for
45:21
granted because your native speaker but
45:23
if you think about it you think none of
45:25
those are third tone words don't push
45:27
the sentence voicemail Damania that's
45:29
just an example of the kind of thing you
45:31
can start noticing that has to do with
45:33
phonetics tones are very much in the
45:36
domain of phonetics so you gain a keener
45:39
sensitivity you start noticing things
45:41
all the time and you'll find it really
45:42
interesting you think why do we do that
45:44
does everybody do that I wonder know if
45:46
other people in the South do that or if
45:48
I wonder if older people do that or
45:50
younger people do they're people from
45:51
mainland China do that etc so start
45:53
noticing not just what people say but
45:55
how they say it and like I said you're
45:59
going to start noticing a lot of
46:00
pronunciation flaws and the people
46:02
around you but just view it as language
46:04
variation and write it down put it in
46:06
your notes you can learn from everything
46:08
so I won't know who Linda is Linda Wong
46:10
helps a little bit and then your name in
46:12
Chinese for me Charlene then read your
46:16
student number so somehow things get
46:18
mixed up I can find out whose it is by
46:21
the student number and also say where
46:23
you grew up
46:24
for example tae Baek Jang Hwa wherever
46:25
you're from what your native language is
46:28
the language you are best at that you
46:30
learned early is your native language
46:32
some of you maybe learn me now you first
46:34
but you're much better at Mandarin in
46:36
that case I would say Mandarin is your
46:38
native language however you want to do
46:39
it though is up to you
46:40
so say what your native language is if
46:43
you learn me now you're at home or
46:44
Kujawa or anything else mention that to
46:47
Samuel Johnny shot
46:49
then play back what you recorded make
46:51
sure that it's getting recorded and make
46:53
sure it sounds okay don't blow into the
46:57
microphone too much or you will have a
46:59
lot of popping sounds which are not good
47:03
for recording and if you have a lot of
47:05
smacking sounds there's a really good
47:07
thing that helps that's lemon water you
47:09
can Eman shape wasn't niemals a downtown
47:12
that just as GPM named won't put it in
47:15
water and that will usually clear up the
47:18
spit in your mouth and you won't sound
47:20
so better the phlegm in your throat okay
47:22
so make sure that everything is working
47:23
okay watch out for background noise if
47:26
you live in the in a dorm you may have a
47:29
noisy roommate so do it when they're
47:32
away do it when they're gone okay and if
47:36
there's a lot of noise outside you may
47:37
need to close the window don't have the
47:39
radio on etc try to keep the background
47:40
noise down as much as possible
47:42
don't read too loud or and like I said
47:48
watch out for smacking and too much
47:51
aspiration be up on my alright so first
47:54
of all after you've made sure everything
47:56
is working fine and got all the
47:58
information there then there's a text
48:01
down here in Chinese I want you to read
48:02
it in Mandarin just read it normally
48:04
it's not a race males I sigh pop and you
48:08
are not the inch oh all right you're not
48:10
a broadcaster just read it normally just
48:13
read it comfortably and normally we have
48:18
coochie gential poker table
48:21
I don't please don't like that nigga ry
48:24
he paints on male are allowed to walk
48:26
around Jenny chin are on alright
48:29
and don't read too fast like I said all
48:34
right that's the Chinese and I'll show
48:36
you the text so you know what's coming
48:38
up this is the text that I'm using in my
48:41
research project of Taiwan English I had
48:43
other texts in the past but now I know
48:46
this one pretty much my memory I've
48:47
heard it probably a few thousand times
48:50
this way I can compare you to other
48:52
people so I can find the traits very
48:55
quickly of Taiwan English in your in
48:57
your speech that I've already observed
48:59
in other people so here is the text and
49:03
why is it this text well one reason is I
49:06
happen to like parrots parrots can learn
49:08
how to talk and they're very smart if
49:10
you know about Alex you don't know about
49:12
Alex look him up I have a fondness for
49:13
parrots and this is a very touching
49:16
story I have a parrot so you read it in
49:19
Mandarin and second step is you read it
49:25
in English because you will have already
49:27
read it in Chinese you already know the
49:30
content so when you read the English it
49:32
will be much easier because you already
49:34
know what happens in the story and it's
49:38
all about mr. and mrs. Huang so just
49:40
read it as it's written in English okay
49:44
here's the whole story it looks kind of
49:47
long but it's not that long it doesn't
49:48
take that long
49:50
alright after you finished Mandarin and
49:52
English if you also speak another
49:56
dialect of Chinese like me now many of
49:59
you speak me now you this is optional
50:01
you don't have to do it but it's really
50:04
interesting and fun if you do do it
50:06
because you get information about how
50:08
good you are at mean are you a lot of
50:11
you assume that you're okay with it
50:12
because when you go home you can speak
50:14
to your grandparents and mean I hear
50:16
whatever but for some of you to some of
50:18
your grandparents criticize your Meena
50:19
you sometimes I'm swimming jungle biota
50:22
ah right so the younger generation is
50:26
learning a different variety of me not
50:27
you and sometimes they don't learn it as
50:29
well because especially here in northern
50:30
Taiwan so many people usually speak
50:35
mandarin most of the time right you
50:37
speak a lot of Mandarin here in northern
50:39
Taiwan depending on where you work or
50:42
where you go to school if you live in a
50:45
suburb in a working-class area and then
50:48
you work at a construction company
50:50
probably everybody speaks me now you
50:52
okay so it depends on where you are but
50:54
for people who ended up at idoit you're
50:56
probably more used to Mandarin anyway
50:58
you will find out if you try the mean I
51:00
you what your level of mean is and some
51:03
people give up in frustration they say I
51:05
wish I would down them a lot okay but
51:09
that's okay it's up to you you don't
51:11
have to do it boom in China if you're
51:12
not comfortable doing it you don't have
51:13
to and don't read it word for word
51:15
because you don't learn those words
51:16
anyway when you learn to speak me 90
51:18
just tell it like a story you dink 2008
51:21
aroma just to dunk at that gradual
51:23
Kerela if you know Hakka could you a lot
51:25
you really run on watch some of the if
51:28
you know those then you can try those as
51:30
well if you don't then just forget it
51:32
alright another optional part of this
51:34
assignment is if you have studied a
51:38
second foreign language say German
51:40
French Japanese etc Russian Latin
51:44
whatever if you can do it in Latin that
51:48
would be totally amazing there are some
51:52
readings in some of those languages
51:54
below I have a couple of jokes in German
51:57
French and Spanish there's a small
51:59
reading in Japanese from my Japanese
52:01
textbook for many years ago you can read
52:03
those if you like and if you speak a
52:05
language that's not on there pick a very
52:07
short passage just one little paragraph
52:10
tell me what language it is how you
52:12
learned it and then read it okay in
52:17
addition to the text I put a few other
52:19
resources here for example there's a
52:23
mandarin online dictionary don't
52:25
wincenty hiyo Tasha maybe some people
52:28
want to check here's an English
52:33
dictionary and this is a really really
52:35
good dictionary if you need to know the
52:37
pronunciation of something
52:39
don't rely on dictionaries published in
52:42
Taiwan with ke ke meow if you need to
52:44
know the pronunciation go to
52:45
merriam-webster listen to the audio
52:48
files
52:48
and imitate that's how you should learn
52:51
pronunciation from now on because the KK
52:53
teamed up first of all the dictionary is
52:55
produced in Taiwan are often not
52:57
accurate they often have a lot of
52:58
mistakes and another thing is the KK
53:01
probably it's not probably it's not
53:04
going to give you all the information
53:05
you need so get in the habit of
53:08
listening in order to learn good
53:11
pronunciation this is American English
53:13
for British English there's another very
53:15
nice online dictionary called howdja SE
53:17
and you can check British pronunciation
53:19
if you happen to be learning British
53:21
English but don't just start now for
53:24
this assignment okay there's even a
53:27
Taiwanese dictionary Hakka dictionary
53:29
Cantonese dictionary French and Spanish
53:33
and German Japanese okay that's it
53:39
that's the whole assignment the whole
53:42
thing I think will maybe take you about
53:45
the recording itself will maybe be about
53:47
say 15 to 20 minutes long and you will
53:52
need to save it as an mp3 file there's
53:54
special software for mp3 file conversion
53:59
modeling my downloading a song sheet
54:01
there's details on the site and when
54:04
you're done listen to it yourself
54:05
alright there's one more part of the
54:07
assignment I didn't tell you about you
54:09
have to write your guns down when you're
54:11
done recording everything play it back
54:15
listen to it carefully concentrate where
54:17
you're listening take notes write it up
54:20
into a short essay in which you express
54:25
your feelings about what you just heard
54:26
say you know I think I sound really good
54:29
in Mandarin I sound great in my native
54:31
language I should be a broadcaster I
54:32
think I'm as change departments okay
54:34
maybe you will discover you sound really
54:37
pretty good in your native language your
54:39
English is not bad but you hesitated or
54:42
you have problems with certain sounds
54:44
etc okay so whatever it is you think
54:46
about your recording different aspects
54:49
of it write it down just about one side
54:51
of one a four page double spaced or
54:55
singles no no in that single space it
54:57
whatever you do whatever you're
54:58
comfortable if I don't really care about
54:59
that just so it's about one a four page
55:01
if you don't have much to say
55:02
and double-spaced you know if you have
55:03
more to say naked single-spaced this is
55:06
the page that we're going to start with
55:08
on Wednesday so you may want to have a
55:10
look at it ahead of time this is the
55:13
vocal tract and the points of
55:14
articulation and I'm going to tell you
55:16
ahead of time of another assignment that
55:19
you need to do so you can start early on
55:21
that one too if you like and that is
55:24
you're going to become familiar with the
55:28
mid sagittal view of the head the head
55:30
cut in half
55:31
it sounds gory but it doesn't look gory
55:33
so it shouldn't bother you there's
55:35
another one that's a little gory er this
55:36
one is all black and white doesn't
55:38
matter you're going to have to draw this
55:40
there is a model in your textbook which
55:42
I will tell you about next time but if
55:45
you want to get an early start on it you
55:47
need to learn how to draw this figure
55:49
freehand because for some assignments we
55:52
have to draw heads and show where the
55:55
tongue goes and what the lips are doing
55:57
etc and what the vocal cords are doing
55:59
so if you want a sort of po power or get
56:02
a head have a look at this page you'll
56:05
find it on the next page on the site and
56:07
start practicing drawing this figure to
56:11
keep up wit wah wah so not just science
56:13
we're doing some art here as well and
56:15
for me personally I practice on an iPad
56:18
if you have an iPad that's a nice way to
56:21
draw because it's really easy to erase
56:23
so you can do that and you're going to
56:25
have to hand it in though iPad is just
56:27
for practice when you hand it in you're
56:28
going to have to print it out and and or
56:31
not print it out but actually hand in a
56:33
paper with your hand written drawings or
56:35
hand-drawn drawings on it okay but you
56:37
can practice on an iPad I found that
56:39
really fun and that that kind of helped
56:41
me get it a little more like that looks
56:43
like in the drawing okay and since we
56:45
have just a teeny tiny bit of time I
56:47
don't like wasting any time we have so
56:49
little time it's so precious why don't
56:52
we start looking at some of the
56:53
articulatory
56:54
organs in our vocal tract okay this
56:58
whole area of the head you all know what
57:01
we're looking at right is if we are
57:03
standing sideways and somebody cut your
57:04
head open yep yeah we wouldn't do that
57:08
on you don't worry this is what you will
57:12
see if this doesn't show all the details
57:13
but it shows the important organs that
57:15
we
57:15
need to know about for this part of the
57:17
class the whole area that we use for
57:21
talking is called the vocal tract and
57:23
Chinese usually translated as Cheung
57:24
doll Shum dal fashioning the HL rule
57:28
okay and the Bell is going to ring any
57:32
second but we'll just start with some
57:33
easy ones we know that these are the
57:36
lips
57:36
AHA upper lip lower lip that's all we
57:38
could fit in that's the Bell that's all
57:40
for today and we're in a different room
57:43
on Wednesday make sure you go to the
57:44
right place it's in change and bow low
57:45
and thank you all for coming out
57:56
you