Transcript


00:17
we're going to start out with a
00:20
dictation remember I told you about
00:22
dictation 'he's about once a week this
00:24
one is going to be extremely simple in
00:26
theory very very simple it's just going
00:30
to be ten English words they're all one
00:32
syllable and very very short now who of
00:35
you do not know the KK MBL raise your
00:38
hand if you don't know KK in DL please
00:40
raise your hand just hurry up and be
00:43
honest and you know don't tell me later
00:45
on those of you who don't know KK you
00:48
need to start learning it because the
00:49
rest of the class apparently knows it
00:51
we're not going to spend as much time
00:53
teaching it it will be covered in the
00:55
book but not for a while my homie and
00:57
taiyo but we're already going to start
01:00
having dictation once a week and we need
01:01
IPA for that so do your best by the way
01:04
no eating and drinking during class
01:06
water is okay nothing else just water so
01:11
make sure that you learn KK it's going
01:14
to be actually IPA IPA is got a lot more
01:16
symbols KK is one subset of the IQ IPA
01:20
symbols we're going to be using it for a
01:23
for a dictation now they're going to be
01:25
ten items everybody get out a sheet of
01:28
paper and you're going to hand it in so
01:29
if it's a precious notebook and you
01:31
don't want to tear it out use a
01:32
different piece so a sheet of paper name
01:35
in the upper right hand corner phonetics
01:39
and the date so your name in English and
01:42
Chinese
01:42
in 1 John wind oh yeah because we have
01:45
some people with the same English name
01:47
I'm going to read ten words and I want
01:50
you first of all everybody paying
01:52
attention number your paper one through
01:54
ten write the word in English spelling
01:57
so it's like a first grade spelling test
02:00
very easy then put the transcription in
02:05
KK next to it and use brackets please I
02:09
know you've learned both this for
02:12
example E and this right well this is
02:16
phonetic so we're going to use this one
02:18
so use brackets please and then put your
02:20
transcription between the brackets ten
02:23
very simple words but I'm going to tell
02:25
you something to watch out for two
02:27
things to watch out for our vowels vowel
02:29
quality vowel length
02:31
and also listen for final stops home and
02:34
into the Union Joey everybody ready
02:37
watch my mouth whenever I give a
02:40
dictation because you'll get information
02:41
from my facial gestures from my face
02:45
they will give you Q so even if you
02:47
can't hear me everybody look everybody
02:49
look even if you can't hear me and I go
02:52
what sound do you think it is
02:54
could be mmm or could be but or could be
02:59
put so it's by label so looking at me
03:02
will help you help you get the sounds in
03:05
the K in case that you don't hear them
03:07
that well it will just give you more
03:09
information all right number one I'll
03:11
say each one twice and I'll read over
03:13
the whole list when we're done number
03:14
one ready back back
03:30
okay look up when you're ready and then
03:32
I'll go on to the next word to bid bid
03:42
if you don't know IPA this time I won't
03:46
count it against you but you will need
03:47
to learn it really quickly number three
03:53
but but
04:08
ready number four be be
04:16
the way you're looking at me makes me
04:18
think it's harder than you thought
04:22
that's because the final consonants are
04:24
unreleased we'll talk about that another
04:26
time ready number five Bette Bette
04:49
ready number six beam B write it in
04:58
spelling and in KK symbols we're going
05:00
to call them IPA symbols from now on
05:11
ready if you're not ready shake your
05:14
head I'll slow down
05:16
number seven bed bed
05:32
ready just look up put your head up when
05:34
you're ready number eight
05:36
bud bud
05:55
ready number nine bit it
06:12
ready number 10 and and
06:23
and we have a bonus sentence I want you
06:26
to write out a sentence you don't have
06:28
to use the KK symbols this time the IPA
06:30
symbols I just want you to write this
06:32
sentence down in regular spelling if
06:35
your former student you might know the
06:37
trick behind this but don't give it away
06:39
okay so write down this sentence listen
06:43
watch the mother raised four children
06:47
the mother raised her children
07:10
the mother raised her children I'm going
07:15
to read over all of the words and the
07:17
dictation check your work but don't
07:20
stare at your paper look up at me so you
07:22
can see my face it will give you clues
07:25
one at two bid three but four eight five
07:37
bet 6b7 bed eight bud nine bit ten bad
07:52
bonus sentence the mother raised her
07:55
children check your work make sure that
07:59
you put something down for all of them I
08:01
don't want to need blank sheets of blank
08:03
sheets of paper do your best
08:05
check your work name another information
08:09
upper right hand corner okay how's that
08:11
now please
08:13
we're going to put the answers on the
08:15
board and then we're going to exchange
08:16
papers I'll ask some people to put the
08:18
answers on the board the rest of you
08:19
exchange papers so we're just going to
08:21
go and order one two three four five six
08:26
seven and eight is over here eight nine
08:30
ten I want you to put the answers on the
08:33
board
08:34
so you're ten and eleven I want you to
08:36
write the sentence okay so come to the
08:38
board and please put them on the board
08:41
in order that's all showing sheet
08:56
and we're going to correct the work each
09:01
one is ten points five points for
09:04
spelling five points for the IPA now
09:07
remember I warned you on Monday that a
09:10
lot of people would be getting 20s and
09:13
30s and less on the first dictations
09:15
don't worry this does not count against
09:18
your final grade the first ones are
09:20
usually abysmal at the beginning some
09:21
people get zero because they just don't
09:23
know how it works so don't freak out
09:26
it's okay yeah but what you should do is
09:29
learn from every single dictation you
09:31
learn something new your ears will get a
09:33
little bit more sensitive each time so
09:36
don't worry if you made a lot of
09:37
mistakes we're just going to learn from
09:39
it okay
09:45
all right the first one should be what
09:50
it's not bad it's bad
09:57
yeah it's back like Pancho the bum now
10:02
we have two problems here one is if I
10:05
don't release the stops
10:06
I didn't say back if I said that do you
10:10
think you would have gotten it right you
10:12
probably would have gotten it if I said
10:13
back but that's not how we usually say
10:16
it these are called unreleased stops
10:19
unreleased in Chinese it's Mayo tool
10:24
tool
10:35
okay it's to either to okay to to means
10:38
that's kuma Julia I have to be sure um
10:43
Mayo to to means that we don't have a
10:45
puff of air at the end it's not bad it's
10:47
bad
10:48
bitchy bitchy Joseph boo - Zoop
10:51
it's unreleased so it's harder to
10:54
understand out of context in context
10:57
it's not so bad however G and T are
11:01
different in another way it's not just
11:03
that you got the wrong place to put your
11:06
tongue it's you thought it was voiced
11:09
when it was voiceless and that's
11:11
something we're going to talk about
11:12
later in the class today
11:13
that's an important distinction you
11:15
should be able to tell even if the
11:17
consonant itself is not that clear you
11:19
couldn't tell if it was a tea or a que
11:22
but you should be able to tell if it's
11:25
voiced or not
11:26
so listen excuse me listen bat bad bat
11:31
I'll put my put the microphone up to my
11:34
throat first my mouth and then my throat
11:37
bat bad bat bad did you hear a little
11:43
way by at the end I'm going to put the
11:45
microphone by my throat and then you'll
11:47
hear it really clearly bat bad I'm not
11:53
throwing up bad mm did you hear it
11:59
that's voicing and I didn't have any
12:01
voicing at the end of that one so even
12:03
if the a Tirek a would not be so serious
12:07
it's really hard to tell but you should
12:09
be able to tell boys from voiceless so
12:11
that's one of the things we're going to
12:13
learn from these dictation if you just
12:15
learn that theory from the textbook you
12:17
probably are not going to get it at all
12:19
but being reminded every week by a
12:22
dictation and a grade that you get from
12:24
it should help you so the first one is
12:26
bad
12:31
okay five points for each five points
12:33
for spelling five points for the IPA the
12:35
second one is bid this is correct
12:38
however do you notice something about
12:40
the way they wrote the I hear good
12:43
Amanda do you notice anything funny
12:45
about this I can you see from there
12:47
what's funny this okay a man is a native
12:55
speaker of English from California she
12:57
noticed immediately immediately so we
13:00
all notice the point is we don't write a
13:05
line on top of eyes we write a dot now
13:08
you think that's very teach y'all but if
13:11
you wrote a Chinese character with a
13:12
really long stroke you'd think that's
13:14
really strange to write like then that's
13:21
pretty weird right so this eye is weird
13:23
in addition it's going to confuse us
13:25
because this is also a tone mark Joe
13:28
under the east Sun yes a young hyung so
13:32
please fix this immediately from now on
13:35
all of your eyes should be dotted in
13:38
addition to I there's another letter to
13:39
watch out for Jay salmon has to eat the
13:42
end we'll see you hung so everybody
13:45
fixed that that's very Taiwanese I know
13:47
immediately that was a Taiwanese who
13:48
wrote it
13:49
however it's correct that's very good
13:51
three but but is correct
13:54
it's good for four was beat and again we
13:58
have the problem when the stop is not
14:01
released you can't hear it clearly and I
14:03
don't blame you for that I use the
14:05
microphone but it's still not that clear
14:07
it was actually beat but this is not a
14:12
serious mistake either this feet or this
14:15
beat like this is tens high and the
14:20
first one is pi
14:22
be ok 5 bad alright here we have the
14:31
same problem here we have two problems
14:33
in this one it was the consonant I
14:36
really set a t but you heard good sound
14:40
in this one this is a really typical
14:44
Taiwan problem this is one you need to
14:46
watch out for
14:47
so remember when I said that you need to
14:50
hand in all of your notes on Monday
14:52
write all of your pronunciation
14:54
Corrections all of the mistakes you make
14:56
on all of the all of the dictation z'
14:58
put those into your pronounciation notes
15:00
that you hand in on monday so start
15:02
making a record you can you need to hand
15:04
this in on monday and this is for your
15:07
own your own use because you will find
15:10
out very quickly where your weaknesses
15:11
are
15:12
and you can fix them quickly when you
15:13
know it where they are most of them can
15:15
be fixed quickly let's get rid of that
15:17
funny person here so number five wasn't
15:22
bad
15:22
both the vowel and the constant are
15:25
different the place of articulation is
15:28
right
15:28
subtle found a way just to do that
15:30
however it was voiceless so we need a T
15:33
here the B is correct Taiwanese have no
15:37
problem with that in general but the
15:39
vowel is not correct what vowel should
15:41
it be it's a like in to get a deer deer
15:47
into info huh nigga ethnic a year and so
15:51
the symbol for that is a backwards three
15:53
but so not bad it's Beth I do all right
15:59
number six
16:00
okay this Peele probably really wasn't
16:03
clear but at least it's voiced that part
16:05
is correct and by the way a lot of you
16:07
have a habit of making the unlike this
16:09
we all day be uncommon Joe down here
16:13
okay the line is a little too high all
16:15
do it again
16:18
um sit down so Jetta
16:21
B I should say B ha a lot of you do that
16:23
please don't do that I know some books
16:26
may have it or some teachers may teach
16:27
it because the onion down here but it's
16:30
not that sound anyway and I saw me
16:33
Adonai honey okay all right this is
16:35
number six and number six was shall do
16:37
do bead bead so it's voice but it was
16:49
not nasal and I can tell you why I think
16:53
you may have thought it was nasal I said
16:56
listen bead bead do you know why you
17:01
probably thought it was nasal because of
17:04
the feed hold on a nigga some guys I
17:08
joined on the shiny may make you think
17:10
it's nasalization like being but then
17:13
that air comes out of my nose
17:15
but no air came out it just runs out
17:18
hole only man B so it's not a nasal but
17:24
I understand why you might think so so
17:27
that's another thing you're going to
17:28
have to sharpen up your ears on you have
17:30
to attune yourself to distinguish
17:32
between voicing and nasals orals and
17:34
nasals voiced or elles and well
17:36
Orioles are voice okay so orals and
17:38
nasals here so b should be bead and
17:44
number seven bed is perfect
17:48
that's beautiful bed that's correct
17:51
number eight bud we have the same
17:54
problem again the voicing is correct the
17:58
vowel is correct place of articulation
18:00
is wrong so it's a pop out bud
18:07
and like I said since it's not released
18:10
it is hard to hear clearly number nine
18:14
it is correct
18:15
very good number ten bad that's real bad
18:20
you got it right
18:21
okay and number eleven is this correct
18:29
how many of you wrote something
18:33
different from this if you wrote this
18:34
don't raise your hand but if you wrote
18:36
something different raise your hand two
18:38
people three people just four people
18:43
anybody else who wrote something
18:44
different
18:45
good what did you write spell
18:48
ra ra ced how about you good and one
18:56
more over here ra i raises okay that's
19:07
not right and in the back how are we way
19:09
uh-huh raises okay two of you got it
19:13
right now
19:15
Amanda I want to I said the mother
19:18
raised her children would you ever think
19:20
it was this meaning okay even a native
19:28
speaker then had problems with it the
19:30
mother the mother raised her children
19:32
and that's because context maybe glad
19:35
you astray the mother raised her
19:37
children now does it still sound like it
19:38
the mother raised her children okay
19:43
context is powerful and it led almost
19:46
all of you astray
19:47
mama Han hides a side pal so the correct
19:52
answer is are a CED two people got it
19:56
right unless someone else is not telling
19:59
us any
19:59
right okay the mother raised her
20:01
children mama hen hides is side plow
20:04
now remember on Monday when I told you
20:07
that students in Taiwan rely very
20:10
strongly on context to understand
20:12
English rather than listening out for
20:16
vowels and consonants more they rely
20:18
more on context this is exactly an
20:21
example of what I was talking about
20:23
music and song shel one in guys young
20:26
God is special has a few ants on that
20:28
but in fact it's Saipan I have a few
20:32
more examples like this so in the future
20:34
don't be led astray by context context
20:37
usually gives you the right answer but
20:39
sometimes not because some things you
20:42
know it both may be two different things
20:44
would work in the same context and
20:46
they're very different ok so this is
20:50
just extra credit so if you got it right
20:53
you get an extra ten points so count up
20:55
the number of points five points for
20:58
each spelling five points for each IPA
21:00
transcription ten points extra if you
21:03
got the sentence correct that's extra
21:06
credit and then please hand in your work
21:10
all right we're going to move right on
21:13
to the textbook we're going to get
21:15
through hopefully pages one through five
21:17
in the textbook and I may stop and go to
21:20
the web pages because as they talk about
21:22
things in the text we've got some
21:23
supplements on the website so we'll
21:27
start on page one of the text there is a
21:29
lot of introductory material which may
21:33
or may not interest you it interests me
21:34
because I've been in this field so long
21:37
and I know the people involved I know
21:39
Peter lavender fo'get personally and I
21:41
know and I know Keith Johnson over email
21:46
basically in facebook so yeah I know
21:50
what sort of been happening over the
21:52
years in the field and I've used this is
21:55
now the the sixth edition I've used five
21:57
of the six editions in my teaching so
22:00
for me it's interesting I think it's
22:02
good to know about the authors about
22:04
Peter Ladd I forget and about Keith
22:06
Johnson who is a really really
22:07
outstanding vonda tician as well so
22:10
we're going to skip over that read that
22:12
on your own
22:12
and we're going to start with part 1
22:15
page 1
22:16
remember when you read first of all say
22:19
your name because that will help you
22:21
learn your names
22:22
Eiling got your pictures but I haven't
22:25
had time to study them yet so say your
22:27
name fully I'll try to learn some of
22:29
your names and read clearly the camera
22:33
will be focused on you I hope we'll be
22:35
able to pick up your voice ok because I
22:37
know you'll be looking down they may ask
22:39
you to hold your book up or something it
22:41
depends on what works well remember to
22:43
read the numbers like if it's chapter 1
22:45
read chapter 1 I get really detail about
22:48
that you'll find out and the bell key
22:51
the title of the chapter or the section
22:54
titles etc make sure you read all those
22:56
things this is not a race I would like
22:59
you to read clearly and correctly and
23:01
because you'll be so focused on your
23:03
reading you probably will not understand
23:05
a single word that you read after you're
23:08
done and while you're reading I'm going
23:09
to keep correcting you I'm going to
23:11
mention things about pronunciation I'm
23:12
going to tell stories and that's why we
23:14
go so slow but take notes on all of that
23:17
it's important stuff that's not in the
23:19
textbook because this textbook is
23:21
written for first of all for native
23:23
English speakers second for a general
23:25
international audience not specifically
23:27
for Chinese speakers so I can tell you a
23:30
lot of the things that I have learned
23:31
through the gifts of my students errors
23:34
all of my students errors are precious
23:36
gifts to me because I've learned so much
23:38
from them and I want to finish them
23:40
those precious gifts with you what I've
23:42
learned about English through those
23:44
mistakes so everybody set
23:46
page one remember the numbers and the
23:48
titles and things let's go say your name
23:50
and go my name is sherry chapter one
23:54
articulation and acoustics just quick
23:57
Corrections this was not bad in American
24:00
I think in British as well yeah there is
24:02
a you sound before the ooh it's not
24:04
articulation it's our TQ our tic you and
24:07
acoustics everything else is fine go
24:09
ahead
24:10
Oh phonetics is concerned was describing
24:14
speech
24:16
now if you say describe it we do say
24:19
that a lot in American English but a man
24:22
I'm going to ask you now if somebody is
24:23
reading a textbook and they say
24:25
phonetics is concerned with describing
24:27
speech what did she do we are blessed I
24:31
don't know if a man is going to take the
24:32
class or not but having a native speaker
24:35
of American English is also another
24:36
blessing did you hear her giggle right
24:38
away
24:39
she just found it but it thought it
24:41
sounded hilarious is that right why does
24:43
it sound so hilarious we use the unsound
24:51
for ing usually on verbs but for some
24:54
other words like something like I've got
24:56
something to tell you I've got something
24:58
it's not always verbs but it usually is
25:00
verbs with the final ing I'm going now
25:03
that's no problem if it's casual speech
25:05
but if you're reading a textbook that's
25:07
formal speech so ing pretty much is
25:11
always pronounced in and it's very easy
25:14
to find in Taiwan Mandarin Niemann that
25:16
in in aging Chi so go bingo right is
25:19
that right but if you put another word
25:21
after it that starts with good then you
25:24
will get in so in guy everybody say that
25:28
all right
25:29
guys Kate Reed yeah this is it in the
25:32
nigga ain't bout bein in guy in in guy
25:36
in in that's the inguinal when you see
25:41
ing and you're reading aloud that's
25:44
formal reading always say in never say
25:46
in it sounds very funny okay alright so
25:50
a man had probably giggle again if I
25:52
read again all right but I won't
25:54
let's go on can you try it again it's
25:56
concerned with phonetics is concerned
25:59
with describing speech okay in a tone
26:03
when the ink biatch I'm in when cuz you
26:05
already have a habit Reggie - iguana
26:07
describing describing yeah describe and
26:12
phonetics is concerned with describing
26:15
speech is it okay no it's not
26:19
describing being quite a Bing Bing
26:23
yeah described in oh yes I'm Inquirer
26:26
being caught yeah that's correct
26:28
so don't even thinking glitch think
26:30
Chinese only Chinese describing yeah
26:33
describing there you go
26:34
okay very often you'll find that you say
26:37
it perfectly in Chinese and you say it
26:39
in a very strange way in English so all
26:41
you have to do is think for a second in
26:44
Chinese describe what topping out slaw
26:49
describing it's perfect okay yeah okay
26:55
there are many different reasons for
26:57
wanting to do this routine one thing one
27:02
thing ting wanting to do this which
27:05
means that there are many kinds of
27:07
netizens alright we'll need to use this
27:10
word a lot everybody learn it now write
27:12
it down and I don't want to have to
27:13
correct you 500 times how do we find out
27:16
gdl listen we okay fine additions
27:24
politicians that's good
27:28
but since we're on the topic of fixing
27:31
pronunciation I'm going to teach you
27:33
something called the echo method that I
27:34
use in my listening and pronunciation
27:37
classes and when you are listening and
27:40
repeating very often you use your old
27:44
pronunciation you're only listening to
27:46
meaning you're not really listening to
27:47
how somebody says something but if you
27:49
leave a pause after you hear it you'll
27:52
hear an echo in your head leaving behind
27:54
a hawala you repeat after the own echo
27:58
your own echo in your head and you will
28:00
say it really accurately so let's try
28:03
fana Titian and then I want you to don't
28:05
repeat I just want you to hear the echo
28:07
of my voice in your head you understand
28:09
what I'm saying so no sound from you but
28:12
I want you to hear the sound in your
28:13
brain after I say it got it that's
28:16
called the echo method this is called
28:17
echoic memory she needs your name any
28:20
moisture delegate on she okay fine
28:23
additions
28:24
I said no sound fauna titian x' did you
28:33
hear my voice echo in your head
28:36
everybody hear it listen one more time
28:39
for the echo of my voice in your head
28:41
this is not trivial this is not trivial
28:44
this is something that's hugely useful
28:46
in learning a new language if you want
28:49
to learn French Spanish Japanese or
28:51
Taiwanese or anything if you use the
28:54
echo method this enables you to
28:56
internalize the sound and hear it and
29:00
keep it in your head very accurately the
29:03
echo method got it put this in your
29:05
notes this is big I'm not kidding Suzhou
29:07
Hangzhou niala dong Shi and I'm going to
29:10
put up two echo as two echoes that's a
29:12
good one two links on the website and on
29:15
Facebook with links to articles that I
29:18
wrote about how the echo method works
29:20
I wrote a series of articles in Chinese
29:22
for shidou they have this magazine which
29:26
looks kind of what's kind of you too
29:28
but it actually is really useful stuff
29:31
orally OPN totally on piano you want
29:34
echo method it will be very useful to
29:36
you so
29:37
this is an assignment write it down I
29:39
want you to read those two articles on
29:41
the echo method this is number six in
29:44
the series I'll pass it around this one
29:46
is about compound stress remember on
29:48
Monday when I said I taught I told you
29:52
about compound stress compound noun foo
29:54
humming city Dhamma
29:55
well there's an article about it in this
29:58
magazine it's not online yet but I have
30:00
my own copy that I can give you a link
30:02
for so have a look at this this is the
30:05
format just you know about it so soil
30:09
inium bow quote young PN just a song
30:11
shot from the film damn PN about the
30:14
echo method so listen to the echo once
30:17
more and then try repeating this time no
30:18
sound fauna tutions
30:21
no sound okay try it again
30:24
fauna Titian everybody heard it did you
30:29
hear the echo you should have heard it
30:31
twice you heard me say it the first time
30:32
you heard me say it the second time in
30:34
your brain right if you can't hear it
30:37
you need to work on it because everybody
30:39
has echoic memory it only lasts a few
30:42
seconds but we can exploit those few
30:46
seconds to help us learn better okay so
30:50
this time I'll say it you listen to the
30:53
echo and then repeat the word okay I'll
30:55
give you a little signal fine additions
31:02
good try it again
31:04
fauna Titian beautiful perfect okay
31:12
continuing that's why we go so slow in
31:14
the textbook now you know okay so more
31:17
and so more interested and there is the
31:20
stress so more interested so more
31:26
interested in the different sounds that
31:28
occur in languages some are more
31:32
concerned with the note pathological
31:35
speech very good others are trying to
31:38
help people speak a particular form of
31:40
English still others are looking for
31:43
waste higher are looking
31:46
all right looking good still others are
31:48
looking for ways that's that's what
31:51
habit habit is all about that's what
31:53
happens with habit most of our problems
31:55
in learning language are not about
31:58
whether we're able to do something or
32:00
not often we are very able we just don't
32:03
do it because it's not a habit so you're
32:05
going to find your biggest obstacle is
32:07
habit and we heard it right now she can
32:08
say it perfectly but she's got an old
32:10
habit that I just read a book on habit
32:13
you may be interested and it's called
32:15
the power of habit it's a best-seller
32:16
I'll put some information up on the
32:18
website if I forget then somebody can
32:20
remind me but habits are never forgotten
32:24
or lost all we can do is right over the
32:28
old habit just just over right just
32:31
like a computer over writes an old file
32:33
so you need to over write what you had
32:36
before that that habit will always be in
32:37
your brain somewhere but work on
32:39
overwriting it and then you can start up
32:41
a new habit go ahead still others are
32:44
looking for ways to make to make
32:46
computers talked more into intelligibly
32:50
or to get computers to recognize speech
32:52
kugyo Gogi recognize recognize speech
32:56
for all these purposes purposes purposes
33:02
fun fun additions right politicians have
33:06
that echo in your brain carry a sound
33:08
file in your brain you ting ting go
33:10
ahead will be it's like a sound fine
33:11
your brain if you don't remember just
33:13
Jing shall I and try to Banega sound
33:16
file both on yuusha okay fund additions
33:19
need to find out what people are doing
33:21
when they are talking and how the speech
33:24
has dementia
33:27
oh talking home yet you may homie I
33:30
think it'll be okay when they are
33:32
talking and how does how the sounds of
33:35
speech can be described very nice okay
33:37
beautiful reading thank you very much
33:38
we're gonna kind of clap every time you
33:40
know it was just the first day let's
33:42
just find out what we said because we
33:44
were focusing on pronunciation we
33:46
usually don't get much meaning at all
33:47
when we're paying so much attention
33:49
especially when you know I'm paying so
33:50
much attention to pronunciation first of
33:53
all let's look at the title of the
33:55
chapter
33:56
relation to articulate means two parts
34:00
of it that have a joint to joint it
34:03
parts moving we should say how's it go
34:06
good gear down sir okay sure it goes one
34:10
tear your quantity don't shoot that hold
34:12
the ambient hold on that's articulation
34:14
did you know that so you get your
34:17
quantity from younger poof and hold on
34:20
that's articulation so we're going to
34:22
talk about moving parts that are
34:25
together held together by a hinge and in
34:28
general it's just translated as fiying
34:30
in Chinese so it's just about
34:32
pronunciation so articulation is what
34:35
parts we move in our vocal tract to
34:38
produce the sounds of language and
34:39
acoustics means the study of what so
34:43
found right in physics is the study of
34:46
sound that was the belt for taking a
34:48
break any questions before we proceed
34:51
some of you were asking about this stuff
34:53
one student said is unreleased tools
34:55
were butchered so of course I was
34:58
talking about released and I just said
34:59
choose ooh and you have to add a pool
35:02
for unn unn releases bhutesu unreleased
35:05
is for example bit bit to Byzantine
35:10
because I'm holding air and I'm not
35:12
letting it out if I say bit to the your
35:15
Amanda okay yeah so bit it strands and
35:21
oh gee Bunga because you're holding that
35:23
area that's called unreleased even mail
35:26
by home in a consonant Fung DL now how
35:29
about chief on July that's the that's
35:31
what we mean by unreleased or bhutesu
35:33
okay any other questions before we
35:37
continue some of you said guys I had a
35:39
really hard time with this side or the
35:41
other thing everybody does remember I
35:43
warned you on Monday I already warned
35:45
warned you it seems so simple but when
35:48
you don't have context it is not simple
35:50
right hearing the consonants as hard
35:52
getting the vowels right is especially a
35:55
big problem in all of East Asia in
35:57
Taiwan the hardest part I think or the
36:02
part that needs the most work in the
36:03
English spoken of people by people in
36:06
Taiwan is vowels
36:07
Taizo in you treat that sweet Dada MA
36:10
just moving moving your wishes out of
36:13
boots win but we'll fix that in this
36:14
class if you work at it yeah if you pay
36:18
attention and you work at it and you're
36:20
motivated you will fix it okay we're
36:23
going back to our textbook now so we
36:25
finished hearing number one you may get
36:27
a new student arrangement because
36:29
they're finding that maybe to film it's
36:31
easier to go vertically I don't know
36:33
what their decision is because the time
36:35
and I am PI we may tell you either today
36:37
or next time Thanks okay shied said
36:40
humming wait I can even show all right
36:42
so we've just only looked at the title
36:46
and we read the first paragraph but we
36:48
need to explain it so articulation
36:49
remember it's pieces that are held
36:52
together by a movable joint that's
36:54
articulation and that's what happens
36:57
like here till you look whines yeah
36:58
right your jaw moving up and down
37:02
that's an articulation but when we talk
37:06
about articulation in phonetics we're
37:08
just talking about fiying the way we
37:10
move things around in our vocal tract to
37:12
produce language sounds acoustics we're
37:14
talking about physics we're learning
37:16
about sound as a phenomenon all right
37:18
let's look at the first paragraph to
37:20
make sure we've understood it what do
37:22
what is phonetics all about we want to
37:24
describe speech then the en so sure that
37:28
you Yan Yan Cheu to lie and there are
37:31
many different reasons for wanting to do
37:34
so why would we want to describe human
37:36
language what is the purpose and because
37:39
there are different reasons for learning
37:41
or studying phonetics that means that
37:43
people do different things with it and
37:45
that there are different kinds of fauna
37:48
titian
37:48
so for example some are just interested
37:51
in knowing the variety of sounds that
37:56
appear in human language so we're
37:58
familiar with the sounds that occur in
38:01
mandarin say some of you with me now you
38:03
may speak but actually you may not be
38:05
very familiar with the phonetics of mean
38:07
IU we're going to do that later in the
38:09
course by the way
38:09
yeah Mandarin mb9 you so you may be
38:13
familiar with English Mandarin mean IU
38:15
to some extent through speaking it but
38:18
not so much other languages maybe you
38:20
know a little bit about say French or
38:22
German or Japanese
38:24
but there are so many different kinds of
38:27
sounds that can occur in the languages
38:29
of the world for example I went to
38:31
Georgia the Republic of Georgia chowsie
38:34
are going huh cool and they use
38:36
something called ejecta --vs and they
38:39
sound like this ah ah ah yeah isn't that
38:44
fun
38:45
so that's an example of a sound that we
38:47
don't normally use in English or
38:49
Mandarin we use them under some
38:51
circumstances but it's not part of the
38:54
language system so that's those are
38:56
exotic sounds there are other sounds
38:59
you've probably heard about spoken by
39:01
the Bushmen tribes of South Africa and
39:04
also some unrelated languages that
39:06
borrowed the sounds and those are clicks
39:08
for example ah ah ah okay
39:14
so there are all kinds of interesting
39:16
interesting sounds that occur in the
39:19
languages of the world some people just
39:20
think that's the most interesting thing
39:21
in the world
39:22
and Peter ladder fo'get was one of those
39:24
I think I'm one of those too I just love
39:26
to hear about weird sounds I think it's
39:28
just interesting so that's one kind of
39:31
fauna titian and they do fieldwork some
39:35
are more concerned with pathological
39:37
speech what is pathological in Chinese
39:39
being Qaeda so some people who have
39:42
trouble speaking for example they may
39:44
have a cleft palate how do you say that
39:47
in Chinese tools when is visible mikuni
39:50
mother so fabu politically correct as
39:53
well five huh
39:57
huh that's the way you say it in the
40:01
more PC way chilly that's right Shawn
40:04
Illya that's the tool twin is the old
40:06
way we don't say harelip any longer in
40:08
English just like we don't say a lot of
40:10
other what we consider inappropriate
40:14
things unflattering things about certain
40:16
groups of people we say people okay so
40:21
what kind of speech we hear from people
40:23
like this people with a cleft palate
40:27
what kind of speech will you hear from
40:29
people with a cleft palate
40:30
okay I have a family member who married
40:32
somebody with a cleft palate she's very
40:34
bright but she happens to have a cleft
40:36
palate so happy today um you know MA
40:43
you know you know you know okay because
40:46
she cannot for him a lot of consonants
40:49
that's the way she speaks and it took a
40:50
little getting used to
40:51
she's very bright she she works in
40:54
computers but because she has a cleft
40:57
palate there's a lot of sounds that she
40:59
doesn't pronounced the same way most
41:01
people doing Mandarin so some people are
41:03
very interested in pathological speech
41:05
speech that is different from standard
41:08
speech for some medical reason so say yo
41:10
yo Santa mogul yawning or helping
41:14
children who are having trouble with
41:16
speech some of them may have be hard of
41:18
hearing so they need extra help with
41:20
speech so that's another group of fun
41:22
additions with a special interest in the
41:25
field others are trying to help people
41:27
speak a particular form of English for
41:29
example accent coaches if you perform in
41:33
a movie if you act in a movie or if you
41:36
do radio voiceovers you often want to be
41:39
able to speak with different accents
41:42
either a different accent of English or
41:44
a funny accent of Mandarin like boy sure
41:46
make wouldn't that kind of speech you
41:48
know foreigners in the media took
41:50
guanciale oh so a young white boy in
41:51
Zohan quite a chunky all right tone tone
41:54
that would end up with young okay as a
41:56
foreigner I always think as I was young
41:59
but people have this stereotype of how
42:02
we sound so you may need to use a
42:05
certain accent for performance or
42:07
because maybe you want
42:10
beep are more part of a certain group
42:12
you want to sound more like them or you
42:14
don't want to be marked as a foreigner
42:17
as an outsider so for example if you go
42:20
to the States
42:21
and you find that people are
42:23
discriminating against you because of a
42:25
certain accent either a foreign accent
42:27
or a different accent of English or
42:28
within the US I have a friend who's a
42:31
broadcaster from Texas and he has almost
42:34
no Texas accent and you know why I think
42:40
it's pretty obvious why I asked him
42:45
about it I can hear his accent in a few
42:47
words and the words are en words like
42:50
pen he says pin I can hear it that's the
42:53
one thing he did not fix a lute in way
42:54
back low so my job but otherwise he
42:57
speaks beautiful standard American
43:00
English why would he change it's not
43:03
just when he's on the radio you talk to
43:05
him in person and that's the way he
43:06
talks why is that anybody time for
43:10
participation anybody we don't have time
43:15
to waste
43:16
honestly anybody why do you think this
43:20
guy from Texas he started out with the
43:22
Texas accent a typical Texas accent and
43:25
there are more than one Texas accents
43:27
okay
43:34
say it again Ellen that's right in the
43:41
northern part of the US we sometimes
43:43
make fun of people with a southern
43:46
accent now it's not very kind but it's
43:49
an emotional reaction and we all have it
43:51
and sois if you hear that in Chinese
43:55
you're also going to react
43:57
you bleed in kind of combo cheat ha but
43:59
you still have an emotional reaction
44:00
right
44:01
Sulu uh-huh
44:05
you have your laughing you have an
44:06
emotional reaction so we have emotional
44:09
reactions to people who speak a little
44:10
differently from us now we can't help it
44:13
honestly we can't help it the emotional
44:15
reaction is there you can decide not to
44:18
express it in creepy out gotcha why cuz
44:21
a nigga changes on defining some a bad
44:24
fat nigga juicy oh we can't help that so
44:26
he said that when I asked him you know
44:29
why did you change your accent he said
44:31
well if you had lots of people telling
44:34
you every day that you're really stupid
44:36
you would change too that's what he told
44:40
me okay
44:41
now do you think people from the South
44:44
are stupid Amanda no I don't either
44:47
I know they're not but when you hear a
44:49
southern accent you have a kind of
44:51
reaction yeah we react
44:55
okay I'm sorry it's a bad accent it was
44:57
just village does like a shower boil we
45:01
have an emotional reaction we can't help
45:03
it so people are tired of that reaction
45:05
all the time we get tired of it all the
45:08
time to say oh where are you from in our
45:10
own country people like that will
45:13
sometimes go to a dialect coach and get
45:15
help and try to learn the more standard
45:18
variety it doesn't mean they replace
45:20
their accent they'll learn another
45:21
variety and they'll use it when it's
45:22
appropriate they'll keep their accent
45:24
for when they go home because if you use
45:26
the northern accent in Texas you'll
45:28
sound out of place as well people will
45:30
think you're showing off or that you
45:31
look down on your own people or whatever
45:32
it is so I'm just talking about another
45:35
kind of fauna titian people who know
45:37
phonetics really well may use it to help
45:40
other people learn a new accent that's
45:43
another thing we can do with phonetics
45:44
and still others are looking for ways to
45:47
make compute
45:47
Motors talk more intelligibly have you
45:50
have any of you tried sorry
45:53
Siri there we go how many of you have
45:55
Siri just okay some of you have Siri how
45:59
does Siri do how does she sound oh
46:05
that's a problem with understanding but
46:07
how does she sound when she talks she
46:12
sounds a little weird okay not too
46:14
natural so that is really tough to make
46:19
computers understand and to make
46:21
computers speak like people is really
46:23
difficult we can get it to a certain
46:25
level where it's understandable but it
46:27
will make mistakes when it's listening
46:28
and it will sound stiff and unnatural
46:31
when it's speaking it's gotten very good
46:33
now so much better than it used to we'll
46:36
maybe play some examples in another
46:38
class it's gotten much better but what
46:41
do you think is the hardest part of
46:43
getting a computer to sound natural when
46:45
it's quote-unquote speaking what do you
46:49
think is the hardest part do you think
46:51
it's vowels consonants what do you think
46:53
it is
46:55
there you go it's intonation basically
46:59
it's about timing
47:00
the hardest part that we cannot teach
47:03
computers really well we still have not
47:05
succeeded maybe we will in the future
47:06
but I have my doubts its timing that is
47:09
the hardest thing and all humans are
47:13
extremely sensitive to timing now you
47:17
may think well you know I'm having
47:18
trouble with English sounds but the
47:21
thing is if you sit down and listen and
47:23
you train your ears you will find you
47:25
get it right away
47:26
because we are just born very sensitive
47:29
to teeny teeny tiny differences in
47:31
timing because that's the way languages
47:34
work language events take place in
47:36
milliseconds woman sister ha ha meow oh
47:40
no ha meow like gee so I show quarter
47:43
quarter ha meow that's one one
47:46
thousandth of a second email the chincin
47:49
ze day versus our sahami le xiang woman
47:54
sure they were Joey so we are as humans
47:58
are very sensitive to
47:59
timing differences computers are not
48:02
good at learning this there they don't
48:04
have that sensitivity has too many rules
48:07
okay so for all these purposes font
48:10
additions need to find out what people
48:12
are doing when they are talking and how
48:14
the sounds of speech can be described
48:16
now we spend a lot of time in the first
48:17
paragraph but without that just a Dan
48:20
jaga hands Assateague of Zhi Shu
48:22
so we know what we're doing pay
48:24
attention to chapter titles I had an
48:27
experience once pay attention to this
48:29
turn a chapter 6 please it's on page 136
48:34
can somebody who's our reader now number
48:37
2 just read the title of chapter 6 thank
48:41
you and by the way I'm going to warn you
48:45
the Argus is Jo means a nanny
48:49
no that's what everybody does in Taiwan
48:53
that's why I asked you to fix it before
48:54
you say it wrong stressed on which
48:58
syllable the first got it the first
49:01
syllable mechanisms got it mechanisms ok
49:04
can you read the title please Aaron's
49:07
dream look can use it ok and then ice
49:12
cream you see my screech that's what I
49:15
do when you don't remember stuff and
49:16
it's really hard to remember all this
49:17
stuff there's a lot but try again stress
49:20
is on the first syllable Macanese about
49:23
it yeah airstream mechanisms and the
49:27
phonation
49:28
types ok that's correct except remember
49:31
I told you about compound stress listen
49:34
this is how it should be read airstream
49:36
mechanisms those are two nouns so we
49:38
don't stress mechanisms this article
49:40
that I'm passing around
49:42
shidou de niggas a Jew hey Josie Oh
49:44
Yoshi hoz chickweed so here's three
49:47
mechanisms and phonation types now the
49:49
dosa fool hood sit but your vowels and
49:51
consonants were very nice alright the
49:53
reason I said let's look at this title
49:55
is because in another class many years
49:58
ago we finished the whole chapter we
50:01
were just about to take the test for the
50:02
chapter and I said any questions a
50:05
student raised her hand and she said
50:07
excuse me what our airstream mechanism
50:10
and what are phonation types the whole
50:14
chapter is about these two things we
50:16
finish the chapter and she said what are
50:18
airstream mechanisms and what are the
50:20
nation types you're not reacting
50:24
why are you some of you are why is that
50:27
funny it's supposed to be funny
50:29
because after you've studied a whole
50:32
chapters worth of airstream mechanisms
50:35
information types you should know what
50:36
they are that problem comes from not
50:39
paying attention to the chapter titles
50:40
so this is this is something you should
50:43
put in your notes pay attention to the
50:45
chapter titles because sometimes you
50:47
finish the whole chapter and you still
50:49
don't know what the title means it's
50:51
really really important in section
50:53
titles those will help you to pay
50:55
attention they give you a lot of
50:56
information they will help you find
50:58
things that you probably didn't quite
51:01
understand in that section so always pay
51:04
attention to section and chapter titles
51:06
alright any questions before we move on
51:09
now we see another section title here
51:12
let's analyze the parts of speech first
51:15
what do we have here
51:16
the first word is a sleigh so so mom
51:22
what part of speech is it it's a noun
51:24
good the second word is up there for
51:27
class what is this this is a compound
51:31
noun therefore what are we not going to
51:34
stress that's right
51:37
all right now okay Amanda can you help
51:39
us again alright I'm going to say
51:41
something watch Amanda's face and see if
51:43
she smiles or giggles of whatever she
51:45
does her first reaction should be honest
51:47
because we can't suppress that easily
51:49
okay if I'm reading and I say speech
51:52
production instead of speech production
51:54
speech production
51:59
it sounds strange does it sound a little
52:01
too excited there we go - which side hmm
52:05
right that's exactly it and that's why I
52:10
love having English native speakers here
52:12
because students often don't believe me
52:15
Joey where was I who domina just so that
52:18
I can you know have a lot of theories
52:20
that I can make money from publishing
52:21
books no no that's not it
52:23
it's not it this is not a lucrative
52:25
field at least not so far no but if I
52:28
have a young native speaker somebody
52:30
your age who just suddenly reacts then
52:32
you believe me you know that they have
52:34
an emotional reaction you know there's
52:35
something there so if we say speech
52:38
production like we just said yay
52:41
how exciting isn't it great I mean gosh
52:43
it's just it's just a section title big
52:46
deal okay so how about B&E; sound and
52:50
that's my usual example how do we say
52:52
that and by the way it's not T at the
52:54
end it's C e at the end so get it right
52:56
beyond the song Dan in English
52:59
convenience store so don't say
53:01
convenience store okay alright so you
53:08
really do sound way too excited it's it
53:10
just throws us off my lung is shot and
53:12
whenever you see if native speaker lung
53:14
is shot you're losing something they're
53:16
not going to hear everything you say
53:18
after that so be careful yeah okay go
53:22
speech production okay I think you try
53:26
but we need to work on some Adame
53:28
jong-in
53:28
how do we say something so that it
53:32
sounds like it's unstressed how do we
53:33
distress something how do we pronounce
53:35
something with no stress that's how I
53:37
should say it I'm groping for words here
53:41
very good it's exactly what it is d
53:44
pingyao write that down unstressed
53:47
syllables are pronounced with a low even
53:50
pitch
53:50
that's what unstressed means in English
53:52
low even pitch deep ink Dale so when I
53:57
say it's not stressed lower your voice
53:59
and say it with a very flat tone so this
54:03
is how it should sound everybody use the
54:04
echo now don't repeat it just listen to
54:06
the echo speech production speech
54:10
production speech production everybody
54:14
heard the echo okay okay go ahead and
54:20
your name did you give us your name
54:21
there Doris and by the way in American
54:25
English we don't usually say Doris we
54:27
say door nigga are with I am Owen homie
54:31
on Joey dinky Sheila Doris Doris try it
54:36
Doris and it's a schwa
54:38
Doris homie a nigga it woman Joey nians
54:41
what I got you right here
54:43
Doris that's it not don't door there we
54:48
go
54:49
Doris okay now don't mind if I correct
54:53
your pronunciation of your own name I
54:54
know some students freak out they get so
54:57
embarrassed
54:58
but this is phonetics class so that's
54:59
what we do here okay go ahead speech
55:02
production yo oh it's so perfect
55:05
wasn't it wasn't that absolutely perfect
55:08
zero zero mistakes good okay yeah good
55:13
so you see my reaction and then you
55:16
could see that Amanda had it to go yeah
55:18
I'll change it that's it that's it
55:20
that's it you get so excited it's
55:21
genuine yeah okay we will begin by
55:24
describing how speech sounds are made
55:27
most of them are the result of movements
55:30
of the tone and the leap
55:31
alright stop here for a minute two
55:33
things we're going to correct
55:34
pronunciation and then we're going to
55:36
think before we move on so we don't read
55:38
without understanding first of all
55:40
should how everybody needs to work on
55:42
this because remember I said last class
55:44
when I got all mixed up that it gets
55:46
mixed up with ten tongue and tone those
55:50
three words get mixed up in Taiwan they
55:52
get totally mixed up
55:53
ton doin down Tampa tongue should help
55:57
tone India tongue or should do 10 tongue
56:04
tone we're not going to take time to fix
56:06
them because this is a really tough
56:08
problem in Taiwan English and are very
56:11
difficult for Taiwanese for many
56:13
Taiwanese not all but for many like
56:15
interest in an interesting nigga using
56:17
highly interested Jan so ton e to an
56:20
Indian
56:21
so generating some cheer everybody ton
56:25
Messi eat too and don't she like a ton
56:28
of coal shuttle is tongue and that's
56:31
easy you might go with a tongue either
56:34
tongue because it's way back I'd idea
56:36
nigga mo in how it's our idea was it
56:39
Tong Tong Tong Tong just boy to move
56:43
inside your Kerela tongue beautiful
56:47
that's it and the third one is tone tone
56:52
yeah although the oh ho means our onion
56:56
and that home will kill your bouquet
56:58
dongs on the arms at home here once more
57:00
listen don't say it listen to the echo
57:02
I'll say it a few times tone no don't
57:07
talk just listen now listen to the echo
57:09
in your head
57:10
tone tone tone this time you try it
57:18
after the echo tone there we go so let's
57:24
try all three no echo this time just
57:27
repeat tun tongue tone totally different
57:37
meanings and that reminds me of another
57:39
pair of words that constantly are mixed
57:41
up by Taiwanese and that's sore and sour
57:44
because in Mandarin they are both Swan
57:47
like watch out in Nemo will this way
57:50
hence one and I owe this little house
57:52
when those are swag right but in English
57:56
they're similar but totally different
57:57
actually hun son spent on this one is
58:00
sore sore
58:04
my arm is sore my arm is sore my water
58:12
is sour there we go
58:16
source our tongue tongue tone all right
58:20
write those down because those are
58:22
really mixed up a lot I hear even people
58:24
with very good English mixing them up so
58:26
one reason I stopped this was because
58:28
tongue I don't want you to say tone or
58:32
ton or something funny its tongue tongue
58:35
Ida tongue because it's link ID in a
58:38
tongue tongue and the second one is lips
58:41
is a short it was that easy everyone
58:43
lips lips alright so we're going to
58:48
describe how speech sounds are made and
58:51
most of them use two kinds of movements
58:55
one or one or both one is the tongue and
58:58
two is the lips so when we're describing
59:01
sounds these are the two things we're
59:03
going to be talking about most there are
59:04
other things but these are used most
59:07
often when we are describing the sounds
59:10
of language the tongue and the lips and
59:12
according to what I've read the tongue
59:15
is the sweetly hydrating o that you get
59:18
IDO I need a some percentage saamiya
59:20
especially as ladies right right our
59:23
tongues are especially active well
59:26
that's the theory I've read that men
59:27
talk just as much as women actually so
59:29
yeah somebody's nodding over there a
59:31
female of course okay so the most
59:35
flexible I think the really high the
59:37
negativo is our tongue and all of our
59:39
body in its movements the soy it's the
59:42
most delicate and precise in its
59:44
movement in our whole body it's the
59:46
tongue okay an ellipse continue we can
59:50
think of these movements as gestures
59:52
forming particularly a particular sounds
59:56
particular particular sounds we can
59:59
convey information by gestures of our
60:02
hand as oh this is a little word that a
60:04
lot of people pronounce over gestures
60:07
over hands how does it sound to you
60:08
Mammoth
60:11
jester's over our hands it sounds like
60:15
over right but it's o F okay yeah all
60:19
right we'll misunderstand
60:20
Obara we heard is over yeah it should be
60:24
of of and this is how we write it it's
60:27
usually unstressed so it's a schwa and V
60:30
of okay gestures of don't say over oath
60:36
or wrong of now when I say right and
60:39
wrong some dialects maybe have certain
60:42
pronunciations when I say right and
60:44
wrong it's relative to general American
60:47
English the kind that I speak and that
60:49
Amanda speaks all right so some
60:51
varieties may have certain
60:52
pronunciations for example how do you
60:55
say saya s okay a lot of my former
61:00
students have it right it's good for you
61:03
okay how do you pronounce it okay if
61:06
somebody says says-- she says so she's
61:09
making a face
61:10
thank you that's exactly what I need
61:12
she's making a face still made whole
61:13
however in some dialects of British
61:16
English they say says-- so when I say
61:19
that's wrong that's wrong fix it it's
61:20
wrong relative to standard America and
61:23
our general American some dialects do
61:26
say says--
61:26
now any case in any case I'm saying of
61:29
it's such a common important word let's
61:31
pronounce it right of going by gestures
61:34
of our hands that people can see but in
61:38
making speech that people can hear
61:40
humans have found you're okay I'm gonna
61:42
have to teach you another thing that's
61:44
why this takes so long again this is
61:47
called a continuation rice if you are
61:49
not finished with an idea with the
61:52
phrase with a sentence we have something
61:55
at the end called a continuation rice my
61:57
former students know it is the little
61:58
song tell they're so good and so she'll
62:00
go the little song you start high you go
62:03
down and you come up and I will
62:05
illustrate it here so if you're not
62:08
finished your voice should always go up
62:10
at the end pretty much always if you're
62:12
not finished with something you want
62:13
people to wait for something else that's
62:14
coming
62:15
you need a continuation rise so for
62:18
example hmm we can convey information
62:22
I went up by gestures of our hands pants
62:26
that's got to stress hands did I go hi
62:29
hands that people can see now we're done
62:34
we go down we have a falling intonation
62:37
at the end of a sentence at the end of a
62:40
complete idea but before that is
62:42
finished we need a continuation rise and
62:44
lucid dance with this song so you go to
62:46
the stressed word you wait pay attention
62:49
here you take away your Tony wait Tokyo
62:51
girl yeah hongou and d wait wait Sean
62:54
Sean that's what we do
62:55
this step is all described in the
62:57
shoulda article so I will give you the
62:59
links and please read them carefully it
63:01
will save you a lot of save us a lot of
63:02
time in class so let's go back to it we
63:07
can convey information by gestures of
63:09
our hands hands that people can see we
63:14
can take a pause there and go down or we
63:16
could go up can see but in making speech
63:19
that people can hear hear
63:23
humans have found a marvelously
63:26
efficient way to impart in four-nation
63:30
okay so if you're not finished use this
63:34
little intonation here the continuation
63:36
rise go ahead the gestures of the town I
63:40
love the gestures of the town and the
63:44
leeks are made audible so that they can
63:47
be heard and it recognized me what was
63:52
the word again our May are made audible
63:55
audible yeah Oh some people might say it
63:57
that way but in American it's odd
63:59
audible audible it sounds like a
64:02
gronckle you ay yo my ocean shoe Joe
64:04
audible calm okay audible so so that
64:08
they can be heard and I recognized very
64:10
nice beautiful reading thank you very
64:12
much okay but the things that I pointed
64:14
out are all important and I point them
64:16
out I take so much time so I hope that
64:19
you learn them so that we can save time
64:21
that you get it right the first time and
64:24
in the process your English is sounding
64:26
more and more native-like now we're
64:29
going to start this whole book by
64:31
talking about how we make sounds we're
64:33
going to talk about the articulations of
64:35
sounds
64:36
most of them are done by the movements
64:38
of tongue and lips and we can think of
64:41
these movements as gestures forming
64:43
particular sounds Josefa to coding digit
64:47
in DJ tones oh okay and we can convey
64:51
information by gestures of our hands
64:53
that people can see if you're deaf you
64:55
will probably learn sign language so
64:57
people can see those gestures but we can
65:00
hear these gestures in making speech
65:03
that people can hear humans have found a
65:05
marvelous marvelously efficient way to
65:08
impart information why do we say it's
65:09
efficient
65:12
why is using movements of your lips and
65:15
tongue and other organs an efficient way
65:17
to speak for one thing if I'm going to
65:22
use sign language I have to put the
65:24
microphone down right okay of course you
65:26
don't need it because you're deaf but
65:28
the point is you have to use your hands
65:30
and your hands are not free to do
65:32
something else if you're using your
65:33
hands to speak that's one disadvantage
65:34
so you can be using your hands doing
65:37
something else and speak at the same
65:38
time multitask right and we'll find out
65:41
later how efficient it is but you can
65:44
just kind of take his word for it right
65:46
now and the gestures of the tongue and
65:48
lips are made audible this is a show
65:51
those are zone soil and we think of
65:52
gestures we think of sight but these are
65:55
gestures that we can hear so that we can
65:58
understand alright good next reader
66:01
microphone yeah
66:07
making speech gestures audible involves
66:10
gestures why do we say it that way so
66:14
compound noun do you find that this is
66:15
getting to be kind of what repetitive we
66:22
hear it over and over again what does it
66:24
tell you it tells you that almost zero
66:25
people in Taiwan know about compound
66:27
stress almost zero so you are now part
66:30
of an elite group who knows about
66:32
compound nouns dress it's very elite
66:35
because few people know it but when you
66:37
are reading try to read ahead Josh
66:39
Anthony Xiao nian Gao Ming sinigang
66:41
quiet - Li homie and nigga join in we
66:44
onion in July okay try again making
66:48
speech gestures audible involves pushing
66:51
air out of the lungs while producing a
66:53
noise in the throat or mouth these basic
66:56
noises are changed by the actions of the
66:59
tone and the lips hung by the tongue and
67:02
the lip reading by the tongue and the
67:04
lips it's almost right the vowels are
67:06
high right hung by the ton and the lid
67:10
almost right that's good yeah later we
67:14
will study how the tongue and the lips
67:16
make about 25 different gestures to form
67:20
the sounds of English we can see on some
67:23
of these gestures by looking at an x-ray
67:26
movie which you can watch on the CD that
67:29
accompanies this book figure 1.1 shows a
67:33
series of frames from an x-ray movie of
67:36
the phrase on top of on top of his stack
67:40
in this sequence of 12 frames 1 in every
67:46
4 frames of the movie the tongue has
67:49
been outlined to make it clearer
67:51
the lettering to the right of the frame
67:54
shows very roughly the cells being
67:57
produced the individual frames in the
68:00
figure shows that the tongue and the
68:02
lips move rapidly from one position to
68:05
another to appreciate how rapidly the
68:07
gestures are being made
68:09
however you should watch the movie on
68:11
the CD oh it's still downloading ok if
68:15
we can get it to work we will try it if
68:17
we can't we'll have to wait until next
68:18
class but this is what you see
68:20
although you see it moving very quickly
68:22
in an x-ray film and how do you think
68:26
they got these these pictures as far as
68:31
I know they're from the 1950s before we
68:34
knew what these were taken with x-rays
68:38
and if you're x-raying somebody the
68:41
whole time that you're filming them it's
68:43
not just two again it's just not not
68:45
just a snapshot you're taking a film
68:48
like they're filming us right now going
68:50
on and on for quite a period of time
68:52
with an x-ray what's going to happen
68:56
yeah that's exactly what happened so
69:00
these were patients that were filmed
69:03
with a special kind of a camera that
69:05
could x-ray them and most of them died
69:08
of cancer we didn't know then how
69:10
dangerous it was so we still have those
69:12
films they're very very junk way because
69:15
we're never ever going to be able to
69:16
make films like that again we're not
69:18
going to kill people to get these films
69:19
in fact there are other ways to see
69:21
inside the head we don't really need to
69:22
do that but these are still very
69:25
precious these ones that people died for
69:27
it basically okay
69:34
okay so these are x-ray films of people
69:39
talking and you can see the parts that
69:41
we're going to learn about shortly and
69:43
how they move around in our vocal tract
69:49
okay continue demonstration 1.1 plays
69:56
the sounds here and shows the movements
69:58
involving the phrase on top of his stack
70:01
even in this race spoken ad in the
70:05
spoken at a normal speed the ton is
70:08
moving quick tongue that tongue is
70:10
moving quickly in guiding tongue I'm
70:14
gonna I'm tongue yeah
70:18
there you got it okay good the tongue is
70:21
moving when the tongue is moving quickly
70:25
the actions of the time tongue the
70:29
action of the tongue are among the
70:32
fastest and those precise physical
70:35
movements that people can make fastest
70:38
it sound like festus fastest fastest
70:41
alright and that's what we were saying I
70:43
said the tongue is sailing hordika zero
70:45
and then here we see it in a textbook
70:47
okay the software you need to see this
70:54
particular sentence is not working but
70:55
this is the same thing this is about
70:57
what you would see very good next reader
70:59
please name and read producing any sound
71:07
mammals down any sound requires energy
71:11
just a little more energy in your voice
71:13
okay good
71:15
Emilio speech sounds the basic source of
71:19
part is the respect or a system alright
71:22
this is another word we need a lot
71:23
respiratory I think is one way to say it
71:26
in British English but in American it's
71:27
respiratory respiratory everybody listen
71:31
let's use the echo again respiratory go
71:37
respiratory echo wait for the echo wait
71:42
stood again respiratory go good all
71:49
right that that in there is very sharp
71:51
respiratory to go oh my and why okay the
71:55
basic source of power is the respiratory
71:58
system pushing air out of the lungs all
72:02
right
72:03
this sentence is very important in fact
72:05
I have to warn you every single sentence
72:07
in this book is important you know some
72:10
textbooks have a lot of fake wah right
72:12
but not this one yeah geniune you every
72:18
single sentence so pay attention to
72:20
every sentence to understand what they
72:22
really want to say with it because it's
72:23
important to understanding phonetics
72:26
every every kind of motion requires some
72:29
source of energy we've got electricity
72:30
we power some things by water we can
72:33
power things by wind okay that's what
72:35
we're getting to right now
72:36
what powers speech what is the source of
72:39
energy for speech only it's wind power
72:44
from our lungs we inhale air in our
72:48
lungs and then when we let it out we use
72:51
that energy to drive the speech
72:53
mechanisms so air is what drives speech
72:57
air is the source of energy air from our
72:59
lungs we cut it off at different points
73:01
bleeding since the jets home face
73:03
sunlight uh we'll talk about that in
73:05
chapter 6 but basically air from the
73:08
lungs that's what power speech okay try
73:12
to talk while birthing in ink instead of
73:16
output breathing in instead of out
73:19
okay fine BG Yasha in and out system of
73:24
guanxi they're they're opposites ray
73:29
scenario three be grin she she had a doe
73:33
a young breathing in breathing out
73:35
breathing satsang Fuda deal in and out
73:37
booyah
73:38
what do we stress in a phrase like this
73:43
we stress the part that is contrasted
73:46
your 3b guanxi that your funk song and
73:48
chica it's unstressed deep in doubt
73:50
often it's completely unstressed so
73:52
while breathing in instead of out okay
73:56
one you will find that you can do it but
74:00
it is much harder than talking when
74:02
breathing outs alright now when we speak
74:06
does the air go out or does it come in
74:11
when we speak what does the air doing is
74:12
it coming out from our lungs or is it
74:14
going in because we do both inhale
74:17
exhale so when we're speaking what is
74:20
the air doing is it going out or coming
74:21
in it's going out so when I'm speaking
74:25
now I've got a store of air here and I'm
74:27
slowly letting some of it out to speak
74:29
to you could we talk by reversing it by
74:33
sucking air in and talking instead of
74:35
speaking while we're breathing out could
74:37
we do that what did the textbook just
74:41
say read it over what does it say you
74:47
will find that you can do it but it is
74:50
much huh okay let's try it now we're
74:58
going to try this sentence producing any
75:00
sound requires energy let's use that
75:02
sound as an example this is a normal way
75:04
we say it producing any sound requires
75:06
energy that's breathing out let's try
75:08
saying that sentence breathing in go
75:09
ahead good writing well then go ahead
75:17
that's perfect can you pass the
75:19
microphone to her she's doing a great
75:20
job
75:21
thank you for your name please oh and
75:23
Jim Perdue see you need oh it's hard but
75:29
you're doing it perfectly try to finish
75:31
the sentence oh just it's only five
75:34
words who do you
75:37
you still reward beautiful okay you just
75:40
about did it everybody try it okay
75:47
producing any sound required Saturday I
75:50
can only do five words I'm at my limit
75:53
because it's so inefficient and how does
75:56
it sound sounds like it's from a horror
76:00
movie right something terrible has
76:03
happened or is going to happen very soon
76:04
but it's not now okay don't worry
76:06
so producing any sound required energy
76:08
everybody tried to do it
76:12
don't cheat no cheating producing any
76:17
sound requires energy actually you can
76:19
get it you can get good at it if you
76:21
practice if you just like anything else
76:25
okay some chocolate ah
76:29
Jacqueline okay because I forget the
76:31
times because I'm just back from after a
76:33
year away from teaching I forgotten the
76:35
routine this is as far as we've gotten
76:36
so next time we're going to start
76:38
talking about voice and voiceless sounds
76:40
exactly the kind of problems at least
76:43
that was part of the problems that we
76:44
had with the dictation