Transcript


00:17
I realized that last time we talked
00:20
about which parts of the us tend to have
00:23
unusual well not unusual accents that
00:26
are a little different from what we call
00:27
general American and we started off by
00:29
talking about which part of the u.s. we
00:34
talked about the East Coast in New
00:35
England right
00:37
someone said New Jersey I said yeah
00:39
that's about the right place and then
00:40
moving up into New England and in
00:43
addition there's another portion of the
00:45
country that has an accent or a suit or
00:50
it's a collection of accents that are
00:52
quite different from general American
00:54
and what part of the country is that
00:55
what parts the South yeah we put it in
00:59
the notes we kind of got off on a
01:02
tangent when we were talking about it
01:03
it's the south and the South extends
01:06
from Maryland the southern part of
01:07
Maryland which is around it's right next
01:10
to Washington DC going south all the way
01:13
to Florida Florida has a lot of people
01:16
who moved there from the north why is
01:18
that
01:20
why would Florida have a lot of people
01:23
from the north
01:26
what's the weather like in Florida warm
01:31
and sunny right and what's the weather
01:33
like in the north in the winter it's
01:37
cold in the summer it's great yeah in
01:39
the winter it gets very cold so a lot of
01:41
people move to Florida when they retire
01:44
so there are a lot of people from all
01:46
over the country in Florida so Florida
01:48
does have a southern accent
01:49
but it's got a lot of people who are not
01:52
from the area living there so from
01:54
Maryland down to Florida with exceptions
01:57
then moving west all the way to Texas
02:00
that whole area there are many different
02:04
kinds of southern accents there is not
02:06
just one southern accent and black
02:08
English also is not just one accent but
02:12
black English in general has a lot in
02:15
common with southern English we believe
02:17
it's because the southern states is
02:19
where slavery was legal and then blacks
02:22
moved out from the south to other parts
02:25
of the country after the emancipation of
02:27
the slaves started new where our lives
02:29
elsewhere a lot moved out before then
02:31
a lot of them escaped so we have mainly
02:34
New England the East Coast they have a
02:37
lot of different accents that are not
02:40
quite like Midwestern English then we've
02:42
got that whole South that has many
02:43
different varieties of southern English
02:45
why are these two areas a little bit
02:48
different from the rest of the country
02:50
because starting from about say
02:52
Pennsylvania and Indiana Ohio going all
02:55
the way west there are some variations
02:59
however the speech is largely balanced
03:02
shall we it's more the same than it is
03:04
different and that's Midwestern English
03:06
what I would just call Midwestern
03:09
standard Midwestern English why would
03:11
that be why would there be a clump of
03:14
different accents in the East and then a
03:15
clump of different accents in the south
03:17
and the rest is kind of mostly the same
03:19
or very similar why would that be why
03:24
would that be
03:25
what's the reason anybody
03:32
what do we need for a country or a
03:36
language area let's call it to develop
03:39
different dialects what is necessary for
03:41
that to happen yeah
03:45
isolation plus possibly but the most
03:52
important thing is what how do different
03:58
varieties of language develop different
04:03
immigrants they can change a dialect to
04:05
and/or an accent that's right but what's
04:08
the most important factor in language
04:10
change in any kind of language change
04:16
nobody got the hint I'm not just nervous
04:19
about the time it's time right because
04:24
I've read that it takes at least fifty
04:27
to a hundred years for a language to
04:29
develop different varieties now do you
04:32
feel that the Mandarin spoken in Taiwan
04:34
is pretty its identifiably different
04:38
from the Mandarin you hear spoken on the
04:40
China mainland is it different enough to
04:43
tell the difference the Mandarin spoken
04:46
in Taiwan if you compare it to the
04:48
Mandarin that you hear in the media or
04:49
in your travels in mainland China can
04:52
you tell that there's a difference
04:53
that's right okay so first of all when
04:56
they came over it was a group of people
04:59
that didn't necessarily speak standard
05:02
Beijing Mandarin they came from all
05:04
parts of China and from that developed
05:07
what we call now Taiwan Mandarin and so
05:10
it's been how many years now since 1949
05:13
it's been enough time that there has
05:16
been considerable change is it mutually
05:18
intelligible can you understand each
05:21
other pretty easily
05:22
yes my experience was when I went to
05:25
China there's almost no communication
05:27
gap it's very very easy to understand
05:30
each other however sometimes you will
05:33
have more confidence than you should
05:34
sometimes you think you understand and
05:36
you didn't understand that happens that
05:38
happens with American and British
05:39
English but in general there is mutual
05:42
intelligibility not much problem to
05:44
communications there speaking nor there
05:46
mandarin if they speak dialects that's
05:48
another matter but since 1949 to the
05:51
present has been many decades so there
05:54
is already a fairly different variety of
05:57
Mandarin spoken in Taiwan so how about
05:59
the states now going back to our
06:01
original question why why is that great
06:05
variety variation in dialects mostly
06:07
east coast New England and South why is
06:11
that
06:20
why should the way we speak in Minnesota
06:22
not be so different from the way they
06:23
speak in California it's a lot of
06:27
distance right the states is pretty big
06:29
what's the reason going back to time
06:34
does that give you a hint anybody is
06:39
there any time differential between the
06:41
east coast and south compared to the
06:44
Midwest in the West where would time
06:48
come in as a factor how long has the
06:52
u.s. been settled first started being
06:57
settled when the u.s. in the wet century
07:05
17th century they started settling the
07:07
u.s. right the 1600s and it became a
07:10
country in the 18th century but did the
07:13
whole country just plop become a country
07:15
at the same time No what part of the
07:18
country developed earlier and the that's
07:24
that's it do we got it now
07:25
do you see what do you see where we're
07:26
going with this that part of the country
07:29
started being settled earlier so there
07:31
has been more time for more dialects to
07:34
develop the rest of the country you know
07:37
opening up the Wild West that came later
07:39
and it's a bit more homogeneous ok so
07:45
that's that we started something we
07:46
didn't finish and I wanted to finish
07:47
that this time and now we're going to go
07:51
straight to oh there's something else I
07:53
want to mention and that is that I put a
07:56
link up in for today on the first page
08:00
of our website
08:01
and there is a very interesting website
08:03
that shows dialect differences in the US
08:07
for example how do you see tshe in
08:09
English this is the most popular word
08:11
for identifying u.s. dialects or I would
08:13
say it is anyway how do you say Tuesday
08:15
an American in American English Soto
08:18
right but that's not the word I said
08:20
that I used when I was a kid I'm from
08:22
Minnesota anybody know what word I used
08:25
pop that's right when I was a kid it was
08:28
always pop until people started making
08:31
jokes about my sink
08:33
they thought it was funny they thought
08:35
it was very provincial onto how to LA
08:36
you say pop well I don't think we even
08:39
need to talk about pop and certainly not
08:41
to drink it but after that I realized
08:44
that to be a little bit more
08:45
cosmopolitan I should say soda so I
08:49
switched it to soda but I still have to
08:50
think it comes faster now but for me
08:53
it's still pop underneath so you can
08:55
divide up the country according to
08:57
whether they prefer saying soda or pop
09:01
or a fizzy drink fizzy see your pop
09:06
outta these on TV or coke a coke is a
09:12
brand name but a lot of people call all
09:15
kinds of tea straight coke especially in
09:17
the south so if you're interested in
09:19
that the results of that survey just go
09:22
to this link and you will see a lot of
09:24
interesting information about American
09:26
English which in general is fairly
09:28
homogeneous we see I mean we hear pretty
09:30
much we don't have that huge amount we
09:35
don't have a huge amount of variation in
09:37
American English but there are some
09:39
words where there is a lot of variation
09:40
for example the word for tones is
09:42
straight home I grew up calling it a
09:45
pail a lot of people call it a bucket
09:46
and there are other words that I can't
09:49
even remember well because I don't use
09:50
them so it's got a whole bunch of
09:52
vocabulary words and also pronunciation
09:54
some people don't distinguish between
09:56
pen and pen especially in the south and
09:59
also in black English pin and pen so
10:02
they say ink pin if they mean be okay
10:06
and then pin is a stick pin told in a
10:09
jumped in so they have to add a modifier
10:12
because they both sound like pin there
10:14
are a lot of words that identify
10:15
different areas and they'll show you
10:17
what parts of the country use them okay
10:19
that's that now we're going on to our
10:21
textbook and we're also going to learn
10:24
the different parts of the vocal tract
10:27
so I think I'm going to put this down
10:29
because we're going to be using it soon
10:31
and then we're going to refer to
10:38
to the webpage that has the picture of
10:42
the head on it
10:43
and we're going to talk about that we're
10:45
going to learn the parts of the vocal
10:47
tract okay all right we don't want it
10:49
too dark because we need people to be
10:51
able to see the textbook and we're going
10:54
to pick up from where we left off which
10:58
is on page four we're in the middle of
11:02
the paragraph and that is reader number
11:05
four who is he to the house over here
11:08
okay you're starting over here go ahead
11:10
so continue from where you left off
11:13
that's Wendy you will find that you can
11:16
do it but it is much harder than talking
11:19
well good thing out when we talk air
11:22
from your lungs goes up in the goes up
11:25
the white wind pack that goes up the way
11:29
we imp I went I could we impact the
11:33
trachea to use the more technical turn
11:37
that's good and you said trachea there's
11:39
an old pronunciation that's trachea and
11:41
that's going to come up in an exercise
11:42
in the book later on but the way we say
11:45
it now is trachea that's right it just
11:47
means cheap wine and after trachea we
11:52
have punctuation which is what have your
11:55
notes ready now I mean you're going to
11:57
be taking notes have your notebooks open
11:59
and ready
12:00
all right comma is a very common kind of
12:03
punctuation what information does a
12:05
comma give us what does a comma tell us
12:08
to do pause and then in a previous class
12:11
I mentioned and we're going to have to
12:15
learn a couple of terms here first of
12:18
all you don't want matter cadencia
12:21
lianca if it's a compound or a phrase or
12:24
clause it gets the jidoka it was alway
12:28
how you roll kinda Jong in the last
12:31
stress in an utterance utterance just
12:34
eat wah wah a book one had a tung oil
12:37
gel saw my former students know this new
12:40
students pay special attention it's
12:41
called tonic stress tonic is the
12:44
adjective for tone so anytime you have a
12:49
stretch of speech
12:50
pat paterson certain eager kaiju
12:53
Sussudio Liang Guan XI no doubt solely
12:55
way to its of a certain length and you
12:57
stopped there for a while the final
13:00
stress in that utterance with Toby a cow
13:03
this is a very very very very important
13:06
rule of English intonation that you need
13:09
to know the final stress of an utterance
13:12
is very high it's called the tonic
13:16
stress so for example I'm going to the
13:20
store I'm going to the store it's going
13:24
to be especially high because it's the
13:26
last stress in that unit of speech
13:28
that's called it that's called tonic
13:30
stress so when you're getting to the end
13:33
of a group a thought group we call it a
13:36
thought group that's an easy way to
13:39
refer to a lot of books call it that
13:40
it's a thought group just a little
13:43
yulian wanting to eat thought a thought
13:46
group when you come to the end of a
13:49
thought group get ready to make your
13:52
voice go up so we Hojo mean not just any
13:55
last word the whole thing or whatever
13:57
it's the final stress aho Mankato GT
14:01
Deschutes is Emile Jong in debt but the
14:03
final stress of a thought group is very
14:05
high
14:06
that's the tonic stress however if we're
14:10
not done with the whole sentence we have
14:13
to use another kind of intonation that
14:15
we mentioned last time called the
14:17
continuation rise so this is really
14:22
addition we have a high stress because
14:25
of tonic stress but we also need to go
14:27
up because we have a continuation rice
14:29
coming is that right so we get a pattern
14:33
like this I went to the store to buy
14:36
some bread head it's going down but I
14:40
went to the store to buy some bread and
14:44
then Tisci bread if we're not finished
14:48
home in high on jumpy the hollow hot we
14:51
go high if we're finished we go down but
14:54
if we're not finished we start high go
14:56
down and then come up a little bit with
14:59
a continuation rice
15:01
this is extremely important because
15:02
you're reading from a text and there's
15:04
going to be lots of commas and
15:05
semicolons and other punctuation to tell
15:08
you either we need a final fall or we
15:12
need a high pitch a drop a little rise
15:16
because we need a continuation right I'm
15:19
taking time to say this because it's
15:21
just going to come up over and over and
15:23
over again when you're reading
15:24
whenever you see punctuation you
15:26
probably have to do something with your
15:29
voice go up high go low rise fall pause
15:32
you have to do something so watch your
15:35
punctuation it's giving you a lot of
15:36
information now here it's only two words
15:40
the trachea but we're not done because
15:43
we're not done we have two trachea
15:45
that's what you'll get junggeun's a tray
15:47
but we're not done so we'll go down and
15:49
come up again the trachea to use the
15:53
more technical term hi my jawan and into
15:57
the larynx
15:58
I'm a down one we're going to keep on
16:00
doing that till we finally get to the
16:03
period semicolon Yoshio second period
16:06
yonder is a shot yeah you can all you
16:08
can also you often usually fall at a
16:11
semicolon than how okay so taking the
16:14
time because what often happens I found
16:17
in the past is students are in a race to
16:19
run through the text and show how fluent
16:21
they are and how fast they read we don't
16:23
want that you shouldn't read especially
16:25
slow but remember to put in the pauses
16:28
the tonic stress the continuation rise
16:31
the final files etc think first before
16:34
you read and then it'll come out right
16:36
we won't take a lot of class time
16:38
mentioning it you'll all pick it up over
16:40
time but if you spend time thinking
16:42
about it now and practicing will get it
16:45
faster okay so the trachea your trachea
16:50
to use the more technique Oh turn and it
16:53
and into low larynx larynx larynx okay I
16:58
don't say larynx it's not wrong people
17:00
on the East Coast to say that I'm going
17:02
to train you in my dialect because I
17:04
want you to learn one consistent kind of
17:06
dialect and if I say larynx and you say
17:08
larynx you're going to get in the habit
17:10
of making up your own pronunciation I
17:12
want you to speak like
17:14
I do for this academic year in this
17:16
class just because me Appa John said AHA
17:20
wanjin cheater him to Alto me P
17:22
and CP and ETA into del don't boo chung
17:25
daeun Ambu chungcheong-do ZT I would
17:27
like you to learn one consistent variety
17:29
so that you learn to imitate whatever
17:33
you hear et now so monito moving soma
17:36
and you don't bring in these old
17:38
pronunciations from before so in the
17:41
Midwest we say larynx we don't say
17:43
larynx but when students emerge sure
17:45
okay in Midwestern we don't distinguish
17:49
between those two in this position so
17:50
larynx everybody larynx okay okay go
17:56
ahead larynx at which point it must pass
18:01
between two small muscular for us
18:03
alright two small muscular folds new
18:07
rule put this in your notes please why
18:10
did I slow down so much what I
18:12
originally heard you say was too small
18:14
muscular folds is that easy to
18:16
understand
18:17
are these content words or function
18:21
words content words that's right when
18:25
you have content words especially in
18:28
series and they have only one syllable
18:32
tangia that should we need to put a
18:36
pause after them instead of reading
18:38
straight through quickly instead of
18:40
saying between two small muscular folds
18:42
we need to say between two small
18:46
muscular folds there are two reasons why
18:51
we do this the first one I just told you
18:53
because they are content words they
18:56
contain a lot of meaning our brain needs
18:58
more time to process content words than
19:01
what function words they go in faster
19:04
because they're short and they're
19:07
actually part of the grammar they're
19:09
more part a part of the grammar than the
19:11
vocabulary of content words
19:14
okay so often they have a grammatical
19:16
function so they're going more towards
19:17
grammar but here we're going towards
19:19
vocabulary and content it's got more
19:22
content so our brain needs more time to
19:24
process it that's the first thing the
19:26
second thing is
19:28
this is an important rule that you need
19:30
to write down to in English we have
19:32
something called stress timing some
19:36
people say it's a Miss you know that
19:39
it's it doesn't exist in reality but
19:41
it's a very useful concept so we have
19:44
stress timing and the opposite of this
19:53
is syllable timing now these are not
19:56
chewed through the chin shot but their
20:01
tendencies like I said they're useful
20:03
for example usually given for syllable
20:08
timing is French for example just
20:13
Vizzini Judy hid on sconces just season
20:16
hid on foxes but their total total to
20:20
every syllable is about equal in length
20:23
at least that's the feeling when we're
20:25
listening but but that's not the way
20:29
English works English has stressed words
20:33
stressed syllables and unstressed
20:35
syllables between them so we have a
20:37
rhythm that's sort of like and because
20:44
of that we have a different timing for
20:48
each syllable which syllables are longer
20:50
the stressed ones are the unstressed
20:52
ones the stressed ones are longer so
20:55
stressed is long unstressed unstressed
20:57
stressed unstressed unstressed it's not
21:00
that regular but that's the general idea
21:02
the stressed syllable is law the
21:05
unstressed syllables are short but they
21:08
also are a fine film d-die between the
21:10
stressed syllables so we'll take a
21:11
stressed i'll nigga stress like goats in
21:13
you go the rhythm so da da da da da da
21:18
da da da da da da da da da it'll be
21:23
something like that so what we like to
21:25
do is we she want Digga stressed out
21:27
Nega stressed out nigga stressed in judo
21:29
chop wood wall song Genkai silent order
21:31
Mayo Jong in the India Klee Henshaw you
21:35
cleat Mayo so silent daughters two
21:39
unstressed syllable to show how what are
21:40
we going to do
21:41
if we make each one equally long take a
21:44
stress down nigga stress ticket in Goa
21:46
tights on so what do we do if we have
21:48
lots of unstressed syllables between two
21:50
stressed syllables what do we do we link
21:58
and also nisha unstressed syllables
22:01
whereas for my consultant one so da da
22:05
da da da da da da da da da da da
22:09
so Lu behind door ah-ha
22:12
we fionahunt one boo boo honey shop
22:15
which idea Luba mail with Ohana what we
22:19
put there a big black bear what did I do
22:26
I didn't say a big black bear a big
22:28
black bear there are no unstressed
22:32
syllables between those stressed
22:33
syllables so what did I do
22:35
paused all right this is the lesson that
22:38
I'm trying to get at in stopping you so
22:40
whenever I stop you when you're reading
22:41
it's usually because there's a bigger
22:43
lesson that we need to know put it in
22:45
your notes and then make sure that you
22:46
hand them in next week it will collect
22:48
your notes later okay
22:50
so whenever you'll find their content
22:52
words the in gg-go content words now how
22:55
dodo mean right conduit Spence on Jojo
22:57
me not Tom Tom Tom Jenn Mayo edad de
23:00
Mayo Joe in the in GA nan I know hot
23:03
zone zhengzhou shelf on pause so you
23:05
don't reach you it quickly and that
23:08
comes back to the example here that got
23:12
us on this topic in the first place
23:14
between two small muscular folds got a
23:18
to pause small pause muscular muscular
23:23
homeo Liang cameo drawing in the India K
23:25
potentially too small
23:29
muscular folds mo fashion da da da da
23:35
Google's a chewy you're jogging in the
23:37
in Jia Jia pay homage in you enter
23:40
choose my muscular folds not you're
23:42
pushing long okay got it
23:43
try it between two small muscular faults
23:49
folds fold right called the volca volts
23:53
folds
23:54
oh yeah okay suppose it falls this is
23:57
Eau de Ojo everybody make sure you're
23:59
saying Oh folds now folds you know means
24:04
sure but don't you touch you lie right
24:06
but folds here means epeans oh that's
24:09
what it means a fold of flesh to CP and
24:12
roll these so we have two to two pieces
24:19
of flesh basically two strips of flesh
24:21
here that come together that open that
24:24
close that open that close
24:25
usually apparent lingo so tongues to the
24:29
vocal cords ting gwandma shouldn't die
24:32
vocal cords but in phonetics we usually
24:35
call them vocal folds just down to show
24:37
you the bouton so vocal folds is what we
24:40
usually call shouldn't die in English
24:41
instead of vocal cords vocal cords is
24:44
not wrong but we're just going to start
24:46
calling them vocal folds now so watch
24:48
out for the vowel o vocal folds and
24:51
second also watch out for the stress
24:54
suggested fool hoods the Gyeonggi vocal
24:58
Saran says she answers because the vocal
25:00
folds the jang yi-jeong fool her means
25:02
the vocal folds and anything to me and
25:05
zio vocal Salvador Joseph's is on Johnny
25:07
so get ready for that vocal folds vocal
25:10
cords
25:11
okay vocal training those should
25:13
terminal vocal homie and Jose de Mayo
25:15
Johnny in most cases so vocal folds
25:19
watch the vowel watch the stress go
25:21
ahead if the vocal votes are apart as
25:25
you're probably as wet is
25:34
as as yours yours our home and is azules
25:40
as yours need up busan knee jump booster
25:45
shang knee yeah so neat the vocal folds
25:47
ii yeah go as yours prop as yours as
25:51
yours probably are not right now right
25:55
now now hmm well you are breathing in
26:00
and out good in good everybody i in in
26:06
we onion in in your language wall you
26:09
can sub wins the ebu today are guys if
26:12
dr girl should end in the booth in guide
26:14
in so don't say in say in in in the end
26:18
and Whanganui and in okay
26:21
and breathing in and out
26:25
keep going the air from the loans will
26:28
have a red relatively free path three
26:32
healthy pattern and plastic on janitor
26:35
Gedaliah free passage free passage free
26:41
free passage okay free home in south
26:43
ossetia even ago so you got yo Johnny
26:46
and a girl should say home in Plaza
26:48
cinema a relatively free pass it good
26:54
yeah into love pharynx into the fairings
27:00
and the mouth but if lavaca votes are
27:04
all Possible's
27:05
fold fold huh but if the vocal folds are
27:09
a justice so the tested pass are justice
27:16
so that there is only a narrow passage
27:19
between land between them hmm just like
27:24
that little song here well let's put the
27:25
song back what I call the little song is
27:29
a tonic stress a fall and a continuation
27:32
right hmm hmm we'll just call it the
27:35
little song go ahead between limb the
27:39
air string from the lungs will said then
27:42
from the lungs from along it was
27:45
should say yeah we'll set them vibrating
27:51
all right this is an important word we
27:53
say it the whole year where is the
27:56
stress Diego in jo-jo need be onion
27:59
vibrating everybody vibrating vibrate
28:04
vibrates vibrated vibrating cushioning
28:11
vibration yeah yeah chill chill means to
28:15
join say diarga India so vibrates
28:18
vibrating than that Glenn will settle
28:21
and vibrating good sounds produced when
28:25
the vocal votes are vibrating are said
28:29
to be voted voiced to be voiced voice
28:33
voice right to be voiced using voice
28:38
it's boys mmm
28:42
TJ Yoda died huh voice but it sounds
28:47
beautiful in English I'm sorry
28:48
voiced voiced voice cuz we're not done
28:54
hmm we're saying wait don't interrupt me
28:56
I'm not done
28:57
voiced everyone exactly voiced good are
29:05
said to be voice good as opposed to ho
29:10
oppa supposed a PO as opposed to those
29:17
puzzle in which the vocal votes are
29:20
apart apart apart which which are said
29:26
to be voiceless very good all right
29:29
this paragraph contains a lot of
29:30
information that we can't really imagine
29:33
yet we can't really visualize yet
29:35
because we need to learn the parts of
29:37
the vocal tract which you're going to do
29:38
right away voiced and voiceless what you
29:41
learned in school for voiced is Yoshi
29:43
own right and for voiceless is wooshin
29:45
but in my training and Chinese
29:48
linguistics for voice we say die in she
29:51
die to die singing the in die in another
29:54
term you can use also used in Chinese
29:57
linguistics a lot is jaw ting told
29:59
draw draw in is voiced by in is voiced
30:03
Yoshi um is voice I say yo shun when I
30:07
think people don't know the other terms
30:09
but in this class I'll probably used I
30:11
in more often and therefore voiceless
30:14
would be what Buddha in Buddha is
30:19
voiceless did somebody forget to turn
30:21
off their cell phone oh okay alright so
30:23
voiceless is Buddha in and instead of
30:27
whooshing it gets a little confusing so
30:28
we're going to use Buddha in voiced and
30:31
voiceless and in Chinese linguistics
30:34
they say Ching yeah
30:36
ting to the Ching is voiceless jaw is
30:39
voiced but most often all state I in for
30:41
voice but dying for voiceless can we
30:44
started learning this the very first
30:45
class when we had a few white half a
30:48
minute left till the bell rang so this
30:50
time we're going to learn all of them
30:52
starting from the easy ones that we
30:54
started last time everybody upper lip
30:58
lower lip alright remember these we're
31:02
going to learn a bunch of them and then
31:04
review them and do them backwards and
31:06
forwards so the thing is to just
31:07
memorize them but not in a very painful
31:10
way because I've heard people and you
31:12
guys tell me that the students have a
31:14
terrible time with phonology and
31:15
memorizing all that stuff if you just do
31:17
it sort of as a game called
31:20
concentration that means remembering
31:21
where things are and what they're called
31:22
it's not painful at all because a lot of
31:25
them some of the terms are already
31:26
familiar like lips so one more time this
31:29
is the very good another easy pair upper
31:35
teeth lower teeth alright so we've got
31:40
those and this big fat thing here we now
31:43
know is the tongue make sure everyone
31:47
learns how to say it correctly in
31:49
English because like I said it gets
31:50
mixed up with ton and tone which are
31:53
totally different
31:54
so tongue is like again in Chinese
31:57
tongue tone the tongue tongue Ida tongue
31:59
but open your mouth wider to get a
32:03
different slightly different vowel so
32:04
instead of tongue in Chinese its tongue
32:07
good just open your mouth wider for the
32:10
vowel and you'll get it tongue
32:13
tongue beautiful say it that way don't
32:17
say ton or tone or anything else like
32:19
that okay now here's another part that's
32:24
extremely important because many many
32:27
sounds in English and many other
32:29
languages use this part of the vocal
32:32
tract to produce sounds like for T and N
32:34
and s they're all produced here in
32:37
Chinese this bone that sticks out behind
32:41
your upper teeth is called Jian dong GU
32:44
in Chinese you might want to write down
32:46
the Chinese Qianlong go we call it G in
32:50
for short
32:51
chin when we say Chien we mean this part
32:54
G and long belongs to G Mahmud alone
32:57
okay Sri Lanka or Chien and some twin
33:03
shots when some shots that's no problem
33:05
in English it's called alveolar Ridge
33:08
now you see an O here in British English
33:11
I believe they say they say al viola
33:14
alveolus in and some in Americans
33:18
say alveolar yoga oh but I've always
33:21
said alveolar what do Sangha India so
33:24
that's the way we'll say here
33:25
alveolar alveolar Jessica she owns show
33:32
you home and you're Johnny
33:33
Ridge sigue pootle i daddy found like
33:36
this is a ridge sticking out from the
33:38
desk ridge alveolar Ridge
33:42
not read don't say read it's Ridge Drive
33:46
that is alveolar Ridge good alveolar
33:51
Ridge say it five times in a row say it
33:56
mindfully thinking while you're saying
33:58
it and saying it clearly and thinking of
34:01
where it is in the vocal tract part here
34:03
in the dry ok alveolar Ridge five times
34:15
make sure you're voicing it don't say
34:18
alveolar Ridge to position your chin
34:20
mio-chan alveolar Ridge just once more
34:24
ridge alveolar Ridge yes that sounds
34:29
better
34:29
okay so now we've got all of this stuff
34:32
covered up to here let's just keep going
34:35
behind the alveolar Ridge in Chinese
34:38
this part is called in you'll often you
34:41
just call it some ooh close will not be
34:44
gel long Tong that's more general we're
34:45
going to make it a little more specific
34:47
this hard part right and the roof of
34:50
your mouth that's called in Chinese in
34:52
English hard palate hard uses she wants
34:56
a sweet palette yellow gel need to fake
34:59
and soft palate you'll baby we'll talk
35:01
about that in a minute
35:02
so in English it's hard palate try it
35:05
hard palate not heart this will take a
35:09
boost excuse me I just died pining on
35:12
microphone okay booster shinza hard and
35:16
a yo-yo kudos way honey not hard palate
35:19
it's hard everybody hard good hard
35:25
palate not heart some of you are saying
35:29
heart positions on hard good hard palate
35:35
that sounds better
35:36
so in the Nagus angle in if you keep on
35:42
going back you'll find that there's no
35:44
more bone it gets soft is that right and
35:46
if you stick your finger into that part
35:49
of your vocal tract you'll feel like
35:51
throwing up right if you want to make
35:53
yourself throw up for example if you've
35:54
eaten something bad
35:56
you touch that part it'll make you throw
35:57
up so that part is called the soft
36:01
palate now I said that palate is
36:03
stressed I do just totally understood
36:07
how hard palate do yo Johnny Cash's soft
36:10
palate palatable vintage home food down
36:14
your tongue food a nigga tone for the
36:16
puffins Samir Jong Inga so hard palate
36:19
soft palate NASA my OTP dog when she
36:22
hard and soft we tone for the nigga pull
36:26
finish the meal joking the part that's
36:27
repeated is distressed so Lanka ET
36:32
dominus aha we're not going to stress it
36:34
everybody hard palate soft palate and
36:40
the soft palate in Chinese is called run
36:44
oh that's easy to remember so we're
36:47
going to do the upper part of the vocal
36:49
tract here starting from the upper lip
36:51
everybody just say I don't have a
36:54
pointer here I have one but I left it in
36:56
another classroom maybe I'll use a pen
36:58
it helps a little bit you know what done
37:01
that champion Joey dancing a heyy okay
37:03
everybody go beautiful once more good
37:15
alveolar Ridge was the alveolar Ridge
37:17
Buddha are you an accession such a means
37:20
to support on the PIA don't put
37:22
appearances just put on a peanu it's
37:24
just regular phrasal stress
37:26
so a alveolar Ridge Ridge be dug out in
37:29
Mayo tonic stress decline see so don't
37:31
say alveolar Ridge okay alveolar Ridge
37:33
everyone
37:35
good watch the are and alveolar we're
37:38
speaking general Americans so we have
37:40
very clear ours remember your ours
37:42
please okay
37:43
alveolar Ridge and it's not L viler plus
37:48
a bit so the V be once more alveolar
37:52
Ridge there we go
37:55
we've got it let's try it again go good
38:02
okay take a qu you yoku totally fun and
38:06
then here is that very good this whole
38:10
area up here it looks blank but it's
38:14
filled with sponge-like tissues
38:17
sponge-like just a high min high men
38:20
drunk the ishizuchi high means which is
38:23
what you will call it high means which
38:25
it's spongy tissue that fills your nasal
38:29
cavity and you can see it's labeled
38:31
their nasal so knows that she knows the
38:33
nasal s means EO nasal cavity can vocal
38:39
folds yeah
38:40
how Shanga fuller means to the cavity
38:42
Mayo Johnny
38:43
so nachio Tony national Joey King Gaja
38:46
Louie nasal cavity go good cavity push
38:53
it - yow - Chum be Chang your coach on
38:57
your B chances of be champ now what is
39:00
the navels nasal cavity do when we have
39:03
nasal sounds like
39:05
mmm-hmm the air comes through your nose
39:08
not through your mouth and nigga hi
39:12
minsu halfway sorry guy being shy nigga
39:16
inches what you're going to hear these
39:18
don't go me so we get a special tone
39:21
when the sound goes to the nasal cavity
39:23
now how high man has services shi shouli
39:25
han Chang cetera Hoshi so straightening
39:29
me Han Chang she's all singing the nega
39:31
nega han Chang sorry don't be the tool
39:33
either singing with mum and me and I'm a
39:35
- um so ah mmm young man right there are
39:41
other reasons for that but a lot of the
39:43
sound is getting observe excuse me
39:45
absorbed by the spongy tissue so that's
39:48
the nasal cavity
39:49
now we've covered the whole upper part
39:50
of the vocal tract so let's go backwards
39:53
oh no we've got one more what is this
39:55
down here if you open your mouth wide
39:58
and if you watch cartoons you'll see a
40:00
funny drawing of this house young lean
40:01
down named in the negative the day
40:04
that's called the uvula uvula in Chinese
40:08
it's called a Chou little tongue Shou
40:13
Shou Shou uh
40:16
okay everyone uvula uvula mm-hmm so you
40:24
all know that's chelsa let's go
40:26
backwards now let's practice uvula three
40:28
times and then go backwards everybody
40:30
uvula three times good you can say you
40:36
you love but usually it's uvula
40:38
look look Jo holla cry little look the
40:40
schwa okay so let's go back where it's
40:42
our point you give the name of the organ
40:53
good okay we've got a huge chunk of what
41:09
we need to know the terms that we need
41:11
already memorized we're now going to
41:14
look at parts of the tongue because
41:16
often if we say tongue in many languages
41:19
it's the same meaning as language
41:21
because tongue is the most important
41:22
organ used to produce speech right upon
41:26
the jealous is soiled it nikachita wanna
41:28
marry Tony Alda gel so it hasn't so Joe
41:31
for that reason will me now chief under
41:34
the shuttle double way we're going to
41:35
have to divide the tongue up into
41:37
smaller areas because each one will be
41:40
used to produce a slightly different
41:42
sound or maybe a very different sound
41:43
but they're easy to memorize the very
41:46
very front part of the tongue should Yen
41:48
is called the tip of the tongue every
41:51
one tip of the tongue
41:54
all right we're talking about tongues
41:55
who are not going to say of the tongue
41:57
every time now we'll just say the first
41:59
word of the name of the part the next
42:02
part in Chinese is called the leaf of
42:05
the tongue yes yeah but in English is
42:08
called bowren Bao kin
42:11
it's the blade everybody blade the
42:15
tongue blade or blade of the tongue
42:16
dokie
42:17
for now we'll just say blade everybody
42:19
blade tip blade alright now here's a
42:24
very very Condren year they go show you
42:27
front okay I'll join you said all right
42:30
such yet in Chinese so slow change so
42:34
yes let's head
42:36
everybody front front of the tongue good
42:41
and they didn't label it but here we've
42:43
got Center we're missing the center
42:45
center of the tongue the center Center
42:49
and then I can join Yoda back so ho yeah
42:55
so don't shut in Soho the back of the
42:59
tongue everybody back okay that was the
43:01
bell but let's review the parts of the
43:03
town we've got one more that's not
43:05
written here but I'll tell you in a
43:06
minute so this is the tip
43:13
that's front front good once more this
43:16
is that uh-huh root shotgun now in
43:24
Chinese usage search engine shotgun is
43:29
often used to mean search and and sure
43:32
hoe shotgun cheese's and shun the
43:34
defunct
43:35
but in Chinese when we say Shogun we
43:38
usually mean English the back of the
43:40
tongue so in in when the back chin
43:43
something you don't want to show good
43:44
because the city sound the root so
43:47
content on the roots as I descended II
43:49
found me on my tongue young dog keep
43:52
that in mind and when we say the front
43:54
of the tongue in Chinese we usually say
43:56
Chien sometimes it's legend sometimes
43:58
it's search yet so when Tong Tong Bao
44:00
long Tong not the no no insulted Chinese
44:04
this is she Guang father windy so keep
44:06
in mind when we say she'll good usually
44:08
what we mean in Soho
44:09
so when speaking Chinese we will try to
44:11
be more precise and when we mean back of
44:14
the tongue will say Soho and not so good
44:15
Shogun will be rude okay that got us all
44:18
down to here that takes care of the
44:20
whole tongue we'll do the rest
44:22
after break so everybody break time
44:25
we're going to continue with the parts
44:27
of the vocal tract we just reviewed the
44:30
upper part I'm not going to do it again
44:31
it sounds like you've got it we also
44:33
know the names of all the parts we've
44:35
learned in Chinese right now we're
44:36
working on the tongue we covered all the
44:39
parts of the tongue let's go over those
44:40
again this is the
44:47
front not frond front yeah good once
44:51
more again uh-huh backwards
45:04
alright now you know the parts of the
45:06
tongue now when you hear those people
45:08
complaining about these are really hard
45:09
to learn the bass line it seemed hard to
45:11
learn to you
45:11
you're doing fine you're learning very
45:13
fast so not a problem I don't think now
45:15
we're going to go to the part that has
45:17
more new new names probably for you
45:19
although not all of them will be new
45:20
first of all this this one is not
45:22
directly connected with speech this is
45:25
the esophagus TomTom eons ago
45:27
Oh eat band homage to the pin for my own
45:30
ego Oh Josie ich i tota esophagus in
45:32
Chinese is doll that's what we use
45:35
to get the food in our mouths to the to
45:39
our stomachs okay so that's the sudah
45:42
everybody esophagus esophagus okay so
45:48
that takes care of that all right but
45:52
not that that's a dimple don't take
45:54
a deep on each and that's how science
45:56
esophagus you wait Asami I said don't go
45:59
yum - ooh good nigga in Leon who she
46:03
John watch our models are gone yonder
46:05
take a devalue shop alright what's next
46:09
here there's a unusual organ that you
46:12
may not be familiar with if you go down
46:14
to the very bottom of the root of the
46:17
tongue you'll appear though quite sound
46:20
song Shahadah if you look at it in a
46:23
film and we're going to look at one soon
46:24
some people think it's the tongue you
46:26
maybe MPN de woman shannon towns only
46:28
take a tongue hi Jenica yonder stands on
46:31
the town portion of the answer it's
46:33
called the epiglottis in english in
46:36
chinese anybody know what it's called so
46:40
you can eat your meat got it uh-huh
46:45
louder
46:47
no what's a hotel that's lower but
46:50
that's a nice guess huh who again there
46:53
we go kayak wait wait how you end the
46:55
year it's a very strange name one year
46:58
we had a big discussion online about
47:00
where we got the name quit yet somebody
47:02
found don't wanna go shooting in your
47:04
child out how did you die you in and I
47:06
don't remember it very well but never
47:07
mind okay epiglottis Hui yet just
47:10
remember that Chi way the White House a
47:12
year wait yet what does it do it flaps
47:17
up and down when we are breathing it's
47:21
open when we're talking it's open when
47:26
do you think it's going to close when
47:32
we're eating drinking swallowing when
47:35
we're eating and drinking and swallowing
47:36
it closes over the trachea over the
47:40
windpipe chi one saw me about guy chilly
47:43
so chilly and it protects it from food
47:46
going into the lungs now I've read that
47:48
it doesn't it's not really necessary you
47:51
a sunbed bunch said johor bahru need a
47:54
cheek why boy
47:55
Ginsu but this is another protection
47:58
this will flap shut whenever you swallow
48:01
so it's open when you're breathing and
48:03
speaking closes when you're eating and
48:05
drinking and swallowing so this is the
48:08
epiglottis Hui yet it will cover up the
48:11
trachea okay when we need it to the
48:15
trachea again that's the cheek one let's
48:17
review that trachea trachea good all
48:23
right and this whole area is called the
48:27
pharynx haha John's a meal bell to lay
48:30
this is called the pharynx in Chinese is
48:33
called yin yin Jota Yin Yin gun holds
48:36
the liang kapoor way pharynx just larynx
48:40
cuz the L went on pH L hunts on pH just
48:44
pharynx but we often don't call it
48:46
pharynx directly we make it into an
48:49
adjective and we call it
48:53
we call it the pharyngeal wall
48:57
pharyngeal wall so Chompy that be yet be
49:01
this is this whole area of tissue behind
49:06
just below the be town behind the tongue
49:09
behind the soft palate today Joseph take
49:12
up the digital - that's Yin I wanna take
49:18
up y'all me and Joey and B that's the
49:20
pharyngeal wall we'll need that word a
49:22
lot so it's important so for in gel hua
49:24
Jiao Jiao Zhang Chu have gone home a
49:26
so everybody first of all pharynx not
49:30
that I don't say bad say fair Middle
49:33
East asana Middle East Midwest pharynx
49:37
pharynx gone ping the nigga fair fair
49:41
fair its I'm going pharynx good the
49:45
adjective is pharyngeal beautiful
49:49
perfect pharyngeal wall is this a
49:54
compound co-champions the Yvonne she own
49:57
said you'll push the compound so homeo
50:00
Gyeonggi pharyngeal wall pharyngeal wall
50:05
so when I point there give me the name
50:07
even though it's not written in this
50:09
particular drawing okay we've got fair
50:11
and stay take out take a chewy so
50:13
pharynx pharyngeal walls it city okay
50:16
this is the pharynx day oh come on me
50:19
kinda alright so pharynx so take a chewy
50:21
pharyngeal wall so take a donkey Yin
50:24
epiglottis down guala next as we go down
50:27
you'll eat some that you could chew
50:29
that's called the larynx megajoules a
50:32
whole human down the nigga hold whole
50:34
yen's asami and varrick skin pharyngeal
50:37
wall larynx hope everybody larynx not
50:46
lair remember larynx
50:48
alright I'm telling teaching you my
50:50
accent so we're not going to argue about
50:52
that some people may be picky you're
50:54
forcing everybody to speak the way you
50:56
do like I said I want you to learn one
50:58
consistent accent so once more larynx
51:02
alright inside the larynx yo na ma Nelly
51:05
on piano
51:07
whoo-hoo kaizoku good tyson's and don't
51:09
hands on voicing Naked Juice vocal folds
51:13
everybody vocal folds not folds full
51:17
your folds folds and that's written
51:23
right here larynx like a holy man our
51:26
vocal folds she added early okay so I
51:29
think we've covered everything right so
51:32
let's try going from bottom to top the
51:34
bottom ones we've just learned all right
51:36
go
51:41
larynx once more esophagus esophagus
51:55
okay once more from the beginning
52:03
trachea good epiglottis pharynx and this
52:12
is the pharyngeal wall good okay and
52:19
uvula nasal cavity cavity go jogging
52:31
okay
52:33
once more this one's a little harder to
52:38
remember but we're going to be using
52:39
this one a lot so you'll pick it up fast
52:41
anyway go
52:54
slice the Anheuser ng in hyesung right
53:00
so it's not ten tongue member tongue I
53:03
your in to attend I'm a patent I've had
53:06
a swings at ni Tong Tong Tong okay once
53:11
more tongue yeah if you're having
53:14
trouble with in and um sorry earn and um
53:17
let's work on it another time because
53:19
that's a big issue in Taiwan English
53:20
once more this is the good okay let's go
53:24
from the back this is the right here if
53:29
a Gladys isn't part of the tongue but
53:31
it's behind there and this is the uh-huh
53:39
okay and let's see when we done these
53:43
yet the vocal folds yeah we did that I
53:45
think we had we've covered everything
53:47
all right so now we pretty much know the
53:49
parts of the vocal tract these are some
53:52
of the most basic terms we're going to
53:53
be using in this course we're going to
53:55
move on to something else here we're
53:59
going to look at the vocal folds and
54:03
voicing now I'll just read through it
54:08
quick the sounds of languages can be
54:10
divided into voiced and our words for
54:13
voiced are wet we've got three different
54:15
expressions in Chinese the original one
54:17
you learn in school is yo shun the one I
54:20
just mentioned to you is dying I'll use
54:22
that most often plus draw alright voiced
54:26
and voiceless voiceless is Bhushan
54:30
Buddha in okay or unvoiced so Nyong'o
54:33
suit okay who won it doesn't matter but
54:36
in some cases we actually give them
54:38
different meanings Shambu Jam just again
54:41
Samba song Keo grandsheikh because
54:43
sometimes your voice is gonna unvoiced
54:45
in guide also Buddha in debt okay
54:47
vibration of the vocal cords or vocal
54:49
folds produces a voiced sound so it's
54:52
yeah de baño jung dongha ha woman just
54:54
your Sherwood's a die-in you can feel
54:57
the vibrations of your vocal folds by
54:59
placing your fingers over your throat
55:00
while saying uh sound like this
55:01
so don't say
55:03
you need to voice it and say it and here
55:05
we go everybody say this this sound all
55:11
right make sure you're not saying we
55:13
need voicing now if you touch this part
55:16
of your throat lightly can you feel the
55:19
vibration yang Yang did send oh yeah
55:24
Venetian chill seaside Saudi you can
55:26
find where your vocal folds are by
55:28
finding where that vibration the feeling
55:31
of vibration is the strongest just lets
55:33
and on the naked guy intrusive three
55:35
treaty later defunct your solution guy
55:37
so what's right let's try it - right
55:42
here right here okay let's try another
55:45
sound another voiced consonant a
55:48
fricative whoo go okay let's try a nasal
55:55
mmm how about a vowel ah imagine accan
56:01
tongue yes what artists should hook them
56:03
town the other day
56:03
ah ah have you ever seen human vocal
56:08
folds vibrating have you ever seen it
56:11
okay get ready
56:13
some people get a little grossed out
56:15
you're sharing with you the using
56:16
machine
56:17
okay so just be ready it can be a bit of
56:20
a jolt the first time you do need in
56:22
secondo kana Ueda don't hand in hand
56:25
well get ready okay so at the
56:28
following two links you're going to see
56:30
slow-motion videos take a
56:32
hadn't done that turned on the zoo
56:35
daughter in pierre hassle your
56:37
stroboscope stroboscope see some Shenton
56:41
sand on how we cut out Schwinn tienda
56:44
don't sauce sweet how come how the Qaeda
56:46
sort I tried all that you move Peter saw
56:48
you drive a limo so it can choice a man
56:51
don't saw but in one second
56:54
usually your vocal folds are vibrating
56:56
at about say 200 times per second in out
57:02
song with John Doe young Basha - yo
57:04
that's just seven John the Nanshan
57:06
condensity baillio
57:08
music : e by seneschal cha hides down by
57:12
a sensual cha heads are down by Leo - yo
57:14
mega until you've had a fun way off so
57:17
we'll measure solely on bahala so
57:19
they'll probably be vibrating at a rate
57:22
of around 200 times per second we call
57:26
those cycles per second CPS CPS is
57:30
cycles per second cycle just each suit
57:33
so soon want but it means a cycle Patsy
57:36
yoga shooting wine but will
57:37
talk about that later there's another
57:39
word that we use four times per second
57:42
and we call it hurts I make what is a
57:45
good suture Gomes's but hurts you go
57:48
Alicia yeah he's a very famous physicist
57:52
who studied sound
57:53
his name was Hertz sorry email don't
57:56
anoche shot yeah hey Joe whoo
57:59
good good in Chinese is just usually
58:02
good sweet how she like turned on the
58:05
Zulu yam by who that's how we say it in
58:07
Chinese
58:08
200 Hertz alright so here we're going to
58:12
see how it looks what it looks like and
58:15
remember it's slow motion slow motion
58:18
you may see on son don't you pad it
58:23
stretch longer so they get Ebola be our
58:26
town when it's low it's shorter be gel
58:29
song should you be child why let's watch
58:32
that again did you know that's what you
58:34
look like inside is it a bit of a shock
58:37
it is for most classes usually I have
58:40
every person we go around the room and
58:42
we ask every person to give their
58:44
guidance young and they give the same
58:46
set of answers first of all it's
58:47
disgusting another common one is
58:51
wonderful amazing I just never knew that
58:55
surprising is that some of the things
58:57
that you're feeling shocking sometimes
59:00
let's watch it again okay amazing right
59:07
some students had a misconception before
59:10
they saw a video like this they thought
59:12
there was only one piece of flesh
59:14
opening and closing urine Yoga is
59:17
Oneonta
59:18
Sundaya Chantilly PN okay Hungarian
59:20
boots whoa okay Honduran equation died
59:23
see what I'm up here cuz it's a the
59:26
ampere thing long hike a cuckoo cuckoo
59:29
cuckoo that's how we make voice sounds
59:31
there are a whole bunch of links if you
59:33
want to look you will find many of them
59:36
okay there you go
59:40
pretty cool right all right you've got
59:43
all this stuff for your own viewing
59:46
pleasure when you have time and there
59:52
are more videos here that you can look
59:53
at okay Peter latifolia put this one up
59:58
and so you can look at some of the other
60:02
ones when you have time and it's also
60:05
kind of interesting to know how they got
60:07
these pictures can you imagine how they
60:09
got those videos how they took them this
60:11
is I'm up high Dalda they didn't use
60:12
cameras like these
60:14
well actually one like these was
60:16
connected but yet law is not going to do
60:19
it okay all right all right if you have
60:28
time you can look at some of these it's
60:35
taking a while to load okay well manobo
60:39
have such an easy to kind there's a
60:41
special instrument there we go
60:43
okay oh you're down song yo your jump in
60:51
the yellow render so one you just stick
60:55
how I needs a beer
60:56
side ruining a hole only needs to get
60:58
you pie that's one kind the other kind
61:00
Sam sir it tells you yeah so general
61:05
nigga beads anemia niggas the she'll go
61:07
pitch out how you would be double fungi
61:09
junghwa so this is one kind and then
61:12
there's another kind look at the videos
61:14
yourself because we really don't have
61:15
time for everything okay it houses your
61:21
nigga power sites I'd want to go to Koh
61:23
Chang
61:29
so Sarandon a John hazard Rhonda
61:33
Johar sounds I Ching neither stray
61:35
grinders Soho fired in they go right
61:37
here and she'll okay
61:41
alright I'm going to show you a video
61:44
just to give you sort of like an
61:45
introduction to what we're doing and
61:48
it's rather old so we're going to do it
61:51
eat I don't like each Anika Haddad Adama
61:53
wait fancy I will win t shins ICP Joe oh
61:57
why is it doing this I hope we don't
62:01
have a problem okay she'll see y'all
62:02
saves iPhone needed coaching sig ago
62:06
mention way by dipping the Shannon jaw
62:10
chunks in Mexico means young it's a
62:12
resonant chamber so what are our vocal
62:16
folds doing while we're breathing when
62:20
we're breathing what are our vocal folds
62:22
doing are they doing very much
62:26
no but what is their state are they open
62:29
or closed of course they have to be open
62:32
so that the air can come through okay
62:35
all right the vocal folds are vibrating
62:37
so fast
62:38
CEP Abajo EP Omaha combo chunchu that's
62:42
why they use the stroboscope to film and
62:45
the other videos that I showed you you
62:47
wait I'll show Indian Indian Creek and
62:49
out half Mojica does it take a chill and
62:52
Amanda mo-mo because the shins Andy
62:54
Williams stroboscope hi Joe salute just
62:56
you might turn on the Thai quiet so EPM
62:58
oh ho
62:59
alright let's watch it again can you see
63:02
it opening and closing you just see
63:05
fuzzyness zero mohawk the other day you
63:07
wait nigga Calcutta don't do it hike
63:10
while there's so many very fine and
63:14
precise movements if our conscious brain
63:16
had to control that we'd go nuts
63:19
our speech would be a mess so everything
63:22
is done by our unconscious brain mostly
63:24
it takes care of all of those very fine
63:26
coordinated movements okay because they
63:30
are smooth and healthy the voice sounds
63:32
pretty smooth and sounds like it's an
63:35
even pitch one single pitch but if you
63:39
abuse your voice if you shout a lot
63:42
like especially if you go to a ballgame
63:43
yeah I'll tell you Italian things like
63:46
that you know the woman who sells juice
63:48
outside our gate here for my Michael
63:51
Judah that happened to her while she was
63:54
talking like this because her child
63:56
Hasan Yaga Pisa is is a Jo Jo Jo so I
64:00
told her you know what she had to do to
64:01
her voice for a few weeks she had really
64:03
had to rest it so if you shout a lot in
64:06
addition you think that to protect
64:09
protect your voice when you have like a
64:11
sore throat that you should whisper Rae
64:13
but whispering really harms your voice
64:16
down cha cha hua naked a-hole oh do you
64:19
need a Sunday Faison boo how so be
64:22
careful with whispering that really
64:23
hurts your vocal folds
64:25
another thing is drinking a lot of
64:27
coffee and tea especially strong black
64:31
tea because it it's a diuretic halfway
64:37
lean meow that means nigga show a film
64:39
wipeout yeah so be careful about
64:41
drinking too much coffee or tea if you
64:43
really need to take care of your voice
64:46
like if you're doing broadcasting or
64:48
singing or things like that okay that's
64:51
the Fantastic Voyage and you can play
64:54
that yourself if you would like to see
64:56
it again but it's pretty amazing don't
64:58
you think now you know what's going on
65:01
at least you have an impression it's not
65:03
everything but you have a pretty good
65:05
idea of what's going on in there when
65:08
you're breathing speaking singing doing
65:10
anything with your voice okay
65:18
now the rest of them I'm not going to
65:20
show in class you're responsible for all
65:22
of the links on all of the pages that we
65:24
cover this is page 7a 7a there are some
65:28
more really interesting things for
65:30
example maybe you know Porky Pig Bugs
65:33
Bunny shall buy to Nisha there is one
65:37
guy who did all of the voices
65:40
most of the voices anyway Elmer Fudd huh
65:42
no Manisha Cottonwood is Changi is one
65:45
guy his name was Mel Blanc
65:47
I don't had a Sunday night Ronald Asia
65:50
protonation - oh ho Yanzhi dope ooh
65:52
yeah-hah no to Neumann Sadiq Khan ok
65:54
this is homework finish the links on
65:56
this page
65:56
Newman's the G the G hostage in crime
65:58
alright they're really fun and there are
66:02
more videos for you here incredible
66:05
human machine so nigga National
66:07
Geographic this special value a Gao Shou
66:09
so all of this stuff is great fun to
66:12
watch ok so view it as entertainment and
66:15
you will learn at the same time this
66:16
page is also an assignment page 7 be
66:19
talking with just one vocal fold take a
66:22
yes - oh this is all about a guy
66:25
named Jack Klugman as a ho Amina Yin Yin
66:27
he played Oscar in The Odd Couple
66:30
so nigga a ebay pangyo ah yo honey I can
66:35
t egos the Phenom I've had a good run a
66:37
languor and Yao Guan Hong jeong-ho hun
66:40
hun toto so he's a messy guy and he
66:44
eventually I believe it was throat
66:46
cancer al Qaeda ow
66:48
just a good yella EPN ha - young guy so
66:52
he's only got one vocal cord left or
66:55
vocal fold now remember I said some of
66:57
you thought we only had one could we
66:59
still speak if we had only one vocal
67:01
fold do you think you mean you can't huh
67:03
chi Chi cuckoo the nigga dome - its how
67:05
it is I'm voicing that no she'll go to a
67:08
piano han and Johanna
67:10
well find out this is your homework
67:13
all right page 7b it's not long and it's
67:17
mostly listening you can also read
67:19
there's a story with it that goes with
67:21
it
67:21
it's a radio interview with Jack Klugman
67:24
about his experience with getting
67:28
surgery and ending
67:29
having to learn how to talk all over
67:31
again with one vocal fold so I'd say she
67:33
had um she uh dosa needs it you can
67:36
another thing is people who have both
67:39
vocal folds removed what happens then
67:41
many people who get throat cancer often
67:44
it's due to smoking being long often
67:46
causes cancer although that can be other
67:48
parts of the vocal tract but a lot of
67:51
people due to smoking they have to have
67:52
their entire larynx removed
67:55
that's only bad have you ever met
67:56
anybody like that okay well I did you
68:01
would still do she knows a house you ate
68:03
all ginseng at I went in and he had his
68:06
larynx removed he has an open hole in
68:08
his throat
68:09
Joseph still a cicada as though he had
68:11
another mouth that he can't close say
68:13
pain Tom had Kwanzaa Appiah Nagar shall
68:16
pass HM yeah he's always got a
68:18
handkerchief hanging here because people
68:20
get a little scared when they see a hole
68:22
in your throat and when he needs to talk
68:25
he uses a special instrument and he puts
68:28
it over his trachea Hockley just a
68:33
trachea hey hey hey whoo Sheila Johnson
68:35
Mayo shank I wish the nigga chichi deer
68:38
don't--i who is right nigger turned on
68:41
and so he can still form sound with his
68:46
mouth some guy co took a chichi like she
68:49
died had a vocal chords now hona how do
68:51
you think it sounds
68:57
well not particularly load hazard at
69:00
Atossa bushel oh that's right exactly
69:05
have mail in Gao indeed Joseph kudi make
69:07
a pitch bleeding Salonika tells it so
69:10
when he talks it sounds something like
69:12
this
69:12
it's kind of weird at first but you get
69:14
used to it pretty fast but he was
69:17
speaking me now you
69:18
I mean I used to Sun Yahoo yeah sorry hi
69:22
you'll take a donkey like John ha what's
69:23
the junk warrior I mean I each burrito
69:25
jam woman don't think at all just she
69:28
grinds a nega nega $10 notion to watch
69:32
that yourself huh no cheat we don't have
69:34
time for everything in class take a web
69:36
page 17 even silicon is your links y'all
69:38
can and you can hear people using that
69:41
another method that people use to speak
69:43
if they don't have vocal folds is called
69:46
esophageal speech now esophagus eating
69:49
tree ago sasame shraddha now I said that
69:53
we don't normally use the esophagus and
69:55
speech is that right we use it for
69:57
sending food to our stomachs is that
70:00
right however if you have no vocal cords
70:03
and have no vocal folds you can learn to
70:06
speak with your esophagus
70:08
you should out you that is even weirder
70:11
so yeah now you ain't cheap to invade a
70:16
cheap how has sunlight as a ho I wanted
70:19
your down what you did do don't I it
70:23
sounds a little bit like that patios in
70:25
cheek told Paris about you and Sonia
70:28
cheap ha bye nigga down soo ah digger
70:32
Jaguars nigga nigga energy the lion
70:35
Donatelli the Chris house oh I had a
70:39
coach on some of the night ended don't
70:41
it takes a lot of training
70:42
nigga booster soo nice niche on youngest
70:45
topical speech esophageal speech joke
70:47
whele now Julian honcho but that way you
70:50
don't need to use a gadget you can speak
70:52
and be understood but it takes a lot of
70:54
training and practice and effort so
70:56
that's all on page 17 okay let's see
71:00
what else we have to do we have a little
71:02
time we need to move ahead in our
71:03
textbook we're going back to our
71:05
textbook okay
71:07
next reader are they all on okay any pie
71:14
masala came in that done okay go next
71:19
reader
71:19
my name is Yumi okay in order to hear
71:23
the difference between a voice and a
71:25
voiceless sound try saying a low V sound
71:28
which will symbolize as boo all right it
71:34
sounds just like those videos right so
71:35
now you should sort of be in the right
71:36
mood for it I'm going to turn this off
71:40
so I don't have to keep creating a
71:41
shadow here all right watch the
71:46
pronunciation of oh I in Taiwan people
71:49
make the Oh part too long in general
71:51
I've noticed over many years they say
71:54
boys voice it's what openness or talk is
71:57
Greg wider Nicole also hunt wander
72:00
voiced yeah don't say boys its voiced
72:04
voiced voiceless voicing hey blonde
72:11
wander off continue now compare this
72:14
with a lone F sound saying each of them
72:18
alternately good each everybody don't
72:21
say it it is and yeah it is okay boost
72:27
the yangtze my eco everybody each go
72:31
ahead saying who can we do it again
72:36
saying each say eat um saying each of
72:40
them alternately okay watch the M&M; limb
72:48
good all right everybody let's try it
72:50
first F than V so from voices to voice
72:53
voiceless to voice everybody go hmm
72:58
continue and nigga tell gosh I'd you
73:02
both of this leave off everybody bow bow
73:06
you think I go indoors to find the city
73:08
Mannie share Bernie an R Union oh oh how
73:12
do you get Union Oh both who's the boss
73:14
bow Oh toto oh and let me tell you right
73:18
away while manana fool how can kam
73:21
oh boo Yong and kkm value just write an
73:24
O but we're going to add an up behind it
73:27
oh I hope ase yeah kk e l0 got e we're
73:33
going to add a short it after it to make
73:35
AE so everybody your original Oh shins I
73:40
up into goes original a yeah pins ago
73:44
so remember that when you take your
73:46
dictation Cartesian as oh yeah young
73:49
you'll be until uncle peons ago so now
73:52
get in England Mayo we just have these
73:54
two differents everybody Oh a both name
74:02
good wine both of Lee sound oh these
74:07
anonymous John these two sheets it both
74:09
of these sounds both of this sound
74:12
one small these leaves not least that's
74:15
another Taiwan English problem to the
74:19
kite hold it's to show then they go hmm
74:21
Tyson your tongue and these leaves dig
74:26
us a to said Hall Park I've been gone
74:29
since I why men I'm gonna produce
74:31
voicing everybody that is these don't
74:37
say Lee's that's totally Taiwan English
74:40
England mail down these these again
74:44
Kasumi or Johnny not gonna touch on
74:46
these these sounds are formed sounds it
74:51
sounds Sangha jutsu Nia why not hing
74:55
Ganesha okay our foremothers are her via
74:59
phoned in the same way same everybody Oh
75:04
God Liana no McCallion nigga name so
75:07
Asia um a jab in Tyson's Iranian m1 an
75:12
about a Nana hand tongue and changed is
75:15
I jaga
75:16
everybody name same same yeah don't say
75:24
some or Sam it's same
75:27
same way in the mouth right the
75:31
difference between them the difference
75:33
between them between them diesel between
75:36
them is that between them between them
75:40
not Lam them Lilia between them then let
75:45
them is that V is voiced and is
75:49
voiceless you can feel the vocal fold
75:53
vibration vocal fold vibration just like
75:57
a full cuts now homie Leon that means
76:00
the Mayo Jung in vocal fold vibration
76:01
you can feel the vocal vibrations and MV
76:06
if you put your fingertips against your
76:10
larynx you can also hear the buzzing of
76:13
the vibrations in more easily if you
76:16
stop up your ears while contrasting hmm
76:22
very good alright two things first of
76:24
all pronunciation also it's not oh so
76:26
it's all all everybody also good also
76:33
next we're going to do the flu again
76:36
exercise again first feel your throat
76:39
we've already done that and then stop up
76:41
your ears I have to put my book down so
76:43
go mmm-hmm
76:47
when you make a voice sound and you've
76:50
pushed your ears in a little bit it will
76:52
sound really loud because you're getting
76:53
what we call bone conduction conduction
76:56
would hold weight swans ago singing
76:59
tonight on fashion so try and look while
77:02
pushing in your ears hmm I'm a fashion
77:09
banana Dasha okay so we've covered that
77:12
um how much time do we have left we can
77:16
still keep going and next reader please
77:20
say your name before you read I'm Phoebe
77:23
again Phoebe okay okay the difference
77:28
between boys and war cables of boys it's
77:31
voiced voice yeah the difference between
77:34
voice and voiceless sounds is often
77:37
important in distinguishing sounds
77:40
in each of the pairs of words fat but
77:44
that that yeah that's you know fat but
77:48
that's a conscience Reagan that then
77:52
sigh sighs that way
77:55
sigh I and they die right Zhu Zhu and
78:02
the first consonant in the first word of
78:06
each pair is voiceless in the second
78:09
word it's voice it is it is yeah please
78:13
read what you see don't make
78:14
contractions where they don't exist
78:16
and don't take apart contractions if it
78:19
says it's don't say it is if it says it
78:21
is don't say it's because very often we
78:24
use one in one situation and a different
78:27
one in a different situation
78:28
bounnam who why jean has new ideas over
78:31
chunked out the grind she okay and to
78:35
check this for yourself say just a
78:37
consonant at the beginning of each of
78:39
this word these each of these words and
78:42
check each of these words look at these
78:45
my muffin I've noticed this over the
78:47
years
78:47
eg onion leaves d'arco peel from Joey so
78:50
each of these words your chin soo-jung
78:53
and the kershel we are functioning
78:56
everybody each of these words good at
79:02
the beginning of each of this were not
79:04
this that's the problem hand dominant a
79:06
title onion this and as these these quag
79:09
and mayo jog in which boota boota you
79:11
sure mayo by union chola so each of
79:14
these words each of these words yes good
79:18
and try to feel and hear the voicings
79:20
has suggested a bar alright
79:22
in American English we say suggested
79:25
inches meiody Gege suggested seeing
79:29
nation suggest sorry suggested suggested
79:34
nigga diga diga diga G de nigga empuje
79:36
everybody suggested
79:40
mr. Mason suggested syringe so anyway in
79:43
England John the Bajau Cinzia
79:46
pooja Galia Galia Omaha Sergio de
79:49
because it Cinzia bleeding yo so Thomas
79:51
and sloppy for example getting the leads
79:53
in American English how do we say f IG
79:56
ure how do we say that word and we're
79:58
going to need that word in this textbook
79:59
a lot in American English it's figure
80:03
figure panting see and make its Ananda
80:07
and Ching - but how do you say it in
80:09
British English nobody has it right
80:15
all right you think that they're really
80:17
careful in this case they sound a lot
80:19
more casual than we do it's figure
80:21
figure yeah make sure everybody figure
80:25
British Digga okay so don't suddenly say
80:30
well I'm British now for this work
80:31
because it's easier alright
80:33
so figure and here let's go back go
80:35
ahead as suggested above mm-hmm try to
80:39
find other pairs of words that are
80:41
distinguished by one having a one not
80:45
one one why but yeah sorry that are
80:48
distinguished by one hand one it's one
80:50
one yeah by one having a voice and the
80:54
other having a voiceless consonant
80:56
that's good okay having watch the ink
80:59
everybody having remember we practiced
81:02
it last time so let's try those pairs
81:04
everybody fat that alright just say the
81:09
first sounds of those two words ooh
81:12
next pair phi phi say that if i die now
81:17
just the first sounds hmm and next one
81:21
soo zu just the first sounds smooth so
81:26
here we have three pairs that are
81:28
voiceless and voiced okay our time is up
81:32
now you have a bunch of webpages to look
81:36
at and follow the links and look at the
81:37
links in addition have you read the
81:40
articles about the echo method about it
81:44
an E and then there are two others one
81:46
is about who hood su-gyeong in have you
81:49
read those if you have not put it in
81:51
your notebook you need to read all of
81:53
those article
81:54
if there's anything you don't understand
81:56
please ask in class because a lot of
82:00
really important things that I repeat
82:02
I've been repeating now for more than 20
82:04
years I'm thinking okay son it is
82:06
genuine fans William Conda there's
82:08
anything you don't understand we'll
82:10
discuss it so make sure you read all
82:12
five of those articles the sixth one
82:14
will be coming soon
82:15
are there any questions do you know what
82:18
you have to do for homework okay it's
82:21
mostly webpage work this time but don't
82:23
forget your audacity assignment some of
82:26
you have already sent it over to me to
82:28
the feather Mountain email account and
82:32
okay and one more assignment today Dean
82:35
Young finish the game is a good soil
82:36
yeah you need to draw 12 drawings of the
82:41
head with the articulatory organs and
82:46
the page you use as the model is the
82:50
drawing on page on page 27
82:57
page 27 use that for your model one
83:01
sheet of a4 paper EPN wali oka lynnie
83:05
bian Damien sai hua yoga okay so one
83:09
sheet of paper six of these on each side
83:11
of this mid sagittal view of the head
83:14
and I also want you to draw two right in
83:19
the names of the organs that guy Sangha
83:22
Yoko ela Cheetara boyo she assigns to Jo
83:24
cola so 12 drawings three of them have
83:27
the labels written in okay got it
83:29
that's another assignment I will collect
83:31
that on Wednesday so eats a gajini
83:34
Amazon so I'll clear that's it we'll see
83:37
on Wednesday
83:46
you