Transcript


00:19
with a dictation there's still a lot of
00:22
problems with f at just the letter e
00:26
which is KK and then AE which we write
00:29
with E the letter e plus a short ear
00:32
right so Tina DOMA give me a little
00:36
feedback I got it
00:37
okay so thought sign yeah who did a we
00:43
call that digraph sometimes ah and just
00:46
the letter e which is the KK symbol for
00:48
a E which we should write with an e plus
00:51
ax plus an is symbol write a short it we
00:55
still have trouble with those now it's a
00:58
pool being the shins young in Taiwan
01:01
English and I also teach a freshman
01:03
English class for the college of science
01:05
and they have the same troubles and when
01:07
they were reading they kept saying
01:09
except for X apt except instead of
01:12
accept and however much I corrected them
01:17
they just kept saying at and so
01:20
something worked today that I've never
01:22
tried in 22 years of teaching so I'm
01:24
going to tell you now let's just compare
01:27
these two once we locate the chalk
01:36
just these two words bet and bat
01:48
in Taiwan English they are often bat bat
01:52
right they sound the same
01:54
with act usually Taiwan students have no
01:58
trouble with this you get this right bat
02:00
usually is not a problem at all
02:03
beige is a problem you'll say bet or bat
02:09
instead of bait just art you are a nigga
02:13
earth and that is a problem because you
02:16
say bat in other words you say bat for
02:18
just about everything or sometimes you
02:21
say bet for this one all right this one
02:25
is not a problem
02:27
everybody bat all you have to do is open
02:29
your mouth really wide the app is the
02:32
lowest front vowel we have in English
02:34
everybody bat you're beautiful
02:37
absolutely no problem so we've already
02:40
fixed web and fixed it we've already
02:41
just already established that part of it
02:43
is not a problem these two our problems
02:46
all right what to do for bet watch my
02:49
mouth watch the difference that's bat
02:52
bat bets now we've already talked about
02:57
it before that with fat our jaw goes
02:59
down quite a bit right because the
03:02
tongue is low and we need to open our
03:04
jaw click the tongue down but for bet I
03:07
just watch and maybe from the side is
03:11
better bat bet bet is my job doing
03:15
anything at all but bet is it doing
03:19
anything at all all right everybody just
03:22
become a plaster cast how Chung's let's
03:24
go Shan Shan Zhai shout wine shrimp we
03:27
archive we all don't just sort of fly by
03:30
and say bet bet
03:37
that sabian belt on that good it
03:43
happened when I told them not to move
03:45
their jaw at all the whole class
03:47
suddenly got it right the whole class
03:50
suddenly got it right and that's the
03:51
first time in 22 years that's ever
03:53
happened so what I'm saying is if you're
03:55
having trouble with these to open your
03:58
mouth wide for ass don't move for F bet
04:02
bet Qi nampodong busan saw five in the
04:05
Bible dong but almost you just move a
04:07
little bit because you've got your lips
04:09
coming apart for the be okay everybody
04:12
bet that's great
04:15
and this one's bait that sounds good now
04:19
remember it's like June for how a and
04:21
then add an e for extra good measure and
04:24
then it will be long enough for English
04:26
bait all right
04:29
those are good very good and don't write
04:31
just an e because in English we don't
04:34
really have this phony we don't have
04:36
this we only have this alright so don't
04:40
use this please and also another thing
04:43
that Sophie noticed is oh yo lo bien de
04:47
nigga Oh Oh sad Wanda oh gosh yet tongue
04:50
the Oh alright so please use oh and
04:53
don't use just an Oh
04:59
this is the one we want in addition okay
05:03
I'm gonna go over a bunch of things that
05:05
Sophie and I both discovered in your
05:07
notes make one Ambu how do we say that
05:13
south or southern what's the difference
05:17
okay a lot of you don't know the
05:19
difference apparently South America Sun
05:21
and Majo South America and man-made Joe
05:25
the u.s. south was the southern US sneza
05:31
megwin ambu but don't say southern
05:33
America
05:34
that sounds too much like South America
05:36
the southern US or the u.s. South Yui
05:41
but not South America That's not me
05:44
so the u.s. south is the way I you would
05:47
usually say it the u.s. South Asia the
05:50
USL southern us it's in the southern US
05:55
kawaii southern United States so Sheen
05:57
alright alright and unstressed I often
06:03
say de-stress it's not distressed D is
06:06
tr ESS I'm very distressed Cassini hunty
06:10
right Hibou Shoku that's distress but in
06:14
this class I don't use that so much
06:16
nobody's distressed here don't change
06:18
something so it's de stres SD stress
06:23
means to another told me about an Adele
06:25
okay
06:26
de-stress not distress de stres SD
06:31
stress you de-stress the syllable if
06:35
it's repeated for example
06:40
and how do we write verses how do we
06:45
write it V where does the dot go very
06:54
good
06:55
oh I love my former freshman English
06:58
difference it really makes a difference
07:01
you guys you're blessed alright so the s
07:06
period don't put the period in between
07:08
that's a Taiwan habit the media do it
07:11
matey what kind of they're wrong okay we
07:13
don't do that for abbreviations we put
07:16
the period at the end even though it's
07:18
in the middle that the letters are
07:19
missing it makes sense it's logical but
07:22
it's not what we do
07:23
vs period okay four verses and tell all
07:26
your friends because they're not all in
07:28
the class
07:29
how about parentheses
07:38
this is a book all right we want to put
07:42
is in parentheses
07:44
wow how name mail mail comb gook Wow how
07:47
white cheetah yellow conga conga many
07:51
many of you don't do it just out of
07:52
habit from Chinese because in Chinese
07:54
you don't need to do it in English you
07:56
do please remember that's important this
07:58
is really distracting for native
08:00
speakers it's not just me my colleagues
08:02
my colleagues mention it to all right
08:06
epiglottis suzana
08:11
Sudama
08:16
epiglottis is enough
08:20
remember whoo yeah and got it epiglottis
08:24
of a yen pseudonymous sure East Africa's
08:30
Sri Lanka Theoden sound every day
08:32
because we've got it they look pretty
08:34
Greek and they're both from Greeks so
08:37
epiglottis
08:38
well yeah esophagus I'll clarify
08:43
that in your mind and your notes okay I
08:47
think that's about it okay oh and then
08:55
one thing about syllables a lot of you
08:56
had trouble with the word employed a lot
08:58
of you wrote three syllables for
09:00
employed and it's just too dabbed a lot
09:03
of people wrote too and if you're not
09:05
familiar with the rule please go online
09:06
and then reefa miliar eyes yourself with
09:09
the rule about when IDI adds an extra
09:12
syllable when it becomes too when it
09:14
becomes dull nigga y'all en alright
09:17
we're going to have our little salchow
09:19
now but this time it's not a dictation
09:21
former students of mine will be at an
09:24
advantage because it's trans I mean of
09:26
foo humming sit so my former students
09:29
already know how to do it and the first
09:32
test if you haven't done it before you
09:35
will probably get a low score so don't
09:37
be really freaked out about it when it
09:40
happens but learn from your mistakes
09:42
so this time is mainly to tell you how
09:44
it works and so next time you'll get a
09:47
good score alright
09:50
again it's ten items just like with the
09:54
dictation leave enough space because
09:57
these are going to be longer what you're
09:59
going to write is going to be longer
10:00
than what we usually do so leave enough
10:02
space this is going to be compound nouns
10:04
dress let's use our old reliable example
10:09
convenience store and remember it's not
10:11
convenient store its convenience store
10:13
okay
10:14
so I'll show you how to do it in the
10:15
example and then I'm going to write the
10:17
test items down so what do we Circle
10:23
but he is okay he is okay in Venus okay
10:31
because we have something in English
10:33
called Amba syllabus it e that means
10:35
that the letter at the end or the sound
10:38
at the end of a syllable or the
10:40
beginning of a syllable overlaps with
10:42
another syllable so the N is both part
10:45
of the second syllable it's the end of
10:47
the second syllable and also the
10:49
beginning of the third syllable so I
10:53
don't really care about that as long as
10:56
it is fully you can't circle the eye
10:58
because that belongs to the next
11:00
syllable Nujood issued but the consonant
11:02
in-between often belongs to both
11:04
syllables now what else do we Circle you
11:11
can see from my reaction something's
11:13
wrong every time they see my reaction
11:14
they go wait a minute we've talked about
11:19
the rules of compound noun stress is
11:21
that right what are the rules if we have
11:24
a noun that modifies another noun the
11:30
second noun that is modified is not
11:35
stressed that's the rule
11:37
therefore what else do we Circle here
11:42
nothing convenience store convenience
11:46
store nothing else is circled bean is
11:48
the only stress that we have in this
11:51
compound we have to do one more thing
11:53
and that is marking tonic stress we've
11:55
also discussed tonic stress that's the
11:58
final stress in an utterance it Dornan
12:00
Cuates Rihoko Johnny Cueto be a cow I'm
12:02
going to the convenience store how it W
12:05
go so this one you should be able to get
12:09
completely right in every compound put a
12:12
star in front of the last stressed
12:16
syllable
12:21
found the waitresses I Julie everybody
12:24
write it down so you know how to do it
12:25
put down the example so convenience
12:28
store so you'll take out song in sweet
12:31
hot darkness it's very good let's give
12:32
you another example with more than one
12:35
stress for example this is example a
12:41
this is example B all right what do we
12:47
circle here what do we circle here spell
12:55
it out in letters so I know how far to
12:56
go this is okay and this is okay both
13:02
are okay cloudy because really we
13:05
divided after the vowel but
13:07
morphologically through the guns without
13:10
the you ages that's what the dictionary
13:12
will give you so both of these are fine
13:14
and in theory you can also say cloud II
13:16
but it's kind of weird cloudy is more
13:18
normal
13:19
alright cloudy circle CLO you or CLO you
13:22
D and then how about what else to eat
13:25
circle chin on Ali SK the whole thing
13:35
and what do we do next put an asterisk
13:39
right here okay cloudy skies
13:44
so is everybody clear now how to do this
13:46
this is what you need to do for all ten
13:49
items so get ready to copy them I'm not
13:51
going to be reading them I'm just going
13:52
to write them you copy them if you can't
13:54
see clearly you're welcome to come
13:56
closer to the board so you can copy okay
13:59
we're starting
14:16
can everybody see if you can't please
14:20
come up to the front where you can see
14:21
more clearly and copy so I'm just going
14:23
to leave you alone for a while
14:35
who is not finished now raise your hand
14:37
you're not finished okay finish up we're
14:43
gonna put the answers on the board
14:45
should be pretty fast all you have to do
14:47
a circle and add asterisks just put the
14:51
answers on the board please
15:06
alright those of you who put answers on
15:08
the board also exchange papers please
15:10
make sure that you've exchanged the
15:11
paper with somebody it's a red pen
15:13
please to mark and ten points per item
15:16
no half points given so either
15:19
everything is right or everything is
15:22
wrong
15:22
ten points for each one it has to be
15:24
perfect in order to get the ten points
15:26
otherwise zero points so a lot of use if
15:29
this is your first time you are not a
15:30
former student of mine you probably will
15:33
have a low score but it's okay the first
15:35
two or three times scores are pretty low
15:37
by the fourth time most people have
15:39
mastered it so we're okay alright number
15:45
one is the correct
15:46
everybody's exchange papers right his
15:49
number one correct is urban a noun or
15:53
what is it if it were a noun and it
15:57
probably would be correct but it's an
15:58
adjective
15:59
that's right okay so what should it be
16:03
urban area if you put the R and it's
16:08
okay but no E and if you put the be in
16:10
in here that's also okay because that's
16:14
actually part of the route so you are
16:18
you are BR both okay a they are both
16:21
okay and you must have an asterisk here
16:23
urban area urban area I'll clear number
16:27
two is this correct yes it is and what's
16:32
really impressive is she didn't just
16:36
circle string she circled this the whole
16:38
word which is necessary because the
16:40
whole word what only has one syllable
16:45
that's why so we circled the whole word
16:48
if the person's person whose paper you
16:50
have circled only part of it like STR I
16:53
or STR I and G it's wrong the IDI has to
16:58
be in there the whole word must be
17:00
circled so for future reference if a
17:02
word has only one syllable
17:04
you have to circle the whole thing
17:06
instrument is correct string with Eadie
17:10
remember that funds to the book wines
17:13
shins iPhones to the whole to Kochi
17:14
fences doses some machines so it means
17:17
it has a sheen to the change it
17:18
those are you onto the ginger
17:21
participles are kinds of adjectives
17:24
participle fences of shueisha insolation
17:27
de not doming sana don't means to
17:31
joseline say so
17:33
yo the young your ing Kazuyo this
17:36
offense the oldest it doe means for
17:39
example the reciting of the poem is that
17:42
a participle or is that a gerund
17:45
that's a gerund in which him in the poem
17:47
angels ago means so if it's got ing you
17:51
have to decide is it a participle or is
17:53
it a gerund if it's a gerund it's a noun
17:55
if it's a part of a participle it's an
17:57
adjective so string eb d io e d not just
18:01
the oh she knows it instrument if you
18:03
put an s in there that's okay instrument
18:06
instrument doko e but inst tag will find
18:10
an operation mighty boosh ain t hope
18:12
okay alright how do we say this number
18:15
three is it correct yes it is paper PA
18:21
and it also has the tonic stress if you
18:24
have P in there it's not so good but
18:25
it's okay paper it's not you know it not
18:29
natural but it's possible and then for
18:31
everybody read it ah I heard a wrong
18:37
stress say it again carefully actually
18:40
this is a right answer so just follow
18:42
the right answer try it again
18:45
can opener I heard somebody say can
18:49
opener right that's wrong because it's a
18:54
noun and another now home in a nigga
18:57
means it's a male jeongmi so don't say
18:59
can opener it's a can opener can opener
19:02
let's try it again
19:02
can opener mm-hmm and then watch the end
19:06
don't say can opener can opener if you
19:10
link we won't have problems you can link
19:12
the end to the next word cuz it starts
19:14
with a vowel can opener
19:17
that sounds really natural that sounded
19:19
really good all right five go ahead and
19:22
read it okay don't say error remember
19:26
what I just told you about it shoud be I
19:29
don't error error good serious error if
19:34
you only circled se that's fine the
19:38
other are really shouldn't be circled
19:40
because of error because with double
19:42
letters we usually break it in the
19:43
middle but if you did hi could you show
19:45
and if it's just e okay dear show but er
19:47
is the best so er as you do these
19:51
quizzes you will get a feel for where we
19:54
prefer having our syllables divided
19:56
serious error that's just an adjective
19:58
plus a noun six everybody read beautiful
20:03
and what is that awesome doe she hypee
20:08
hype and then they got that Eugene okay
20:10
beach towel is correct Beach has how
20:12
many syllables so we circled the whole
20:15
word beach towel is correct all right
20:17
seven Reed
20:20
good sh a would be my preference shadow
20:25
that's the way I say it shadow instead
20:26
of shadow shadow is more natural but
20:29
it's okay it doesn't really matter
20:31
shadow boxing boxing here is what kind
20:35
of a word so they say it's a gerund so
20:39
it means is it's at domine so that we're
20:41
using it as a noun
20:43
all right eight read it you read it
20:47
correctly but what's wrong here how many
20:50
syllables in joke one so this is wrong
20:55
almost right but not right because we
21:00
have to circle the whole word it has
21:01
only one syllable
21:02
let's try reading it again silly joke
21:07
silly joke okay all right
21:10
number nine all right I can accept
21:15
restaurant is okay I prefer re s rest
21:19
like if you have a tea I can accept it
21:21
too I like this one the best
21:23
restaurant restaurant that's more
21:26
natural for me and should we circle
21:29
anything a manager no it's a noun plus a
21:33
noun
21:33
once more everybody restaurant manager
21:37
watch the tea here there's a stop
21:39
restaurant manager one bills away James
21:43
in the restaurant be a cheap duals
21:46
origin gender restaurant manager good
21:50
last one everybody all right sticky
21:56
if you circled CK but I don't like
22:00
you're breaking between the CK because
22:02
that's a digraph CK is just one sound
22:04
cook so I don't want you to break it
22:06
between the C and the K STI is okay STI
22:09
CK is okay if you divided it here it's
22:12
okay because this ng has different
22:16
sounds on each in each syllable so thing
22:19
and then Gers so we really need this G
22:23
for this syllable but we also need it
22:25
here so either way is fine with me
22:27
yo mo g mi t-- Sosua down p and sadly
22:30
i'm p on your boot on the in alright
22:33
each item is 10 points and please give
22:36
that paper that you have a percentage
22:38
score one wrong 90% etc okay any
22:42
questions yes
22:54
oh ok ok first of all in these early
23:00
quizzes I'm not going to give you a 90
23:03
like that I'm not gonna give you a lot
23:05
of exceptions and Beach it's something
23:08
that we use on the beach it is not
23:11
really like world leader has its and go
23:14
should be the link show when she had
23:17
meet you took at the syndicate height
23:19
and sang with Buddha eat eat eat good
23:20
times there ye so first of all if
23:23
they're going to be difficult ones I'll
23:25
warn you at the beginning of the test
23:26
but that was good thinking you're a
23:27
former student and you've learned this
23:28
stuff before yeah okay yeah I see what
23:32
you mean you'll have to learn those
23:35
separately Nikoli why shampoo out why in
23:37
the future i will tell you the next time
23:39
we're going to include materials tighly
23:42
Aloha homie and so Joey and uh so a
23:47
paper folder so - sawadika chad's it
23:51
cushion paper clip now clip the jacket
23:56
suppose it says order push it so that
23:59
one will we'll work on that one for next
24:02
time Karen had good questions but those
24:04
are harder ones and a lot of even
24:07
advanced ESL books they won't tell you
24:09
this stuff in such detail but I will
24:11
warn you if there are complicated ones
24:13
like that because the tomtom see good
24:15
Susie could be doubt died in the down
24:16
way okay any other questions usually
24:21
what yeah
24:26
mm-hmm
24:32
either one is okay but the way I say it
24:36
is STI sticky his hands are sticky
24:39
sticky but if I say sticky it's okay
24:43
both are okay we call that as I
24:45
mentioned earlier it's called Amba
24:47
syllabus city anima means both like
24:50
ambidextrous strong so don't we young
24:53
Lehi cliches hood grind yo Shoto Shoto 9
24:57
Shih Tzu that's ambidextrous
24:59
Amber's are strong both the east and the
25:02
syllabus city tripped also saw Sega in
25:05
tear the Nagar Weipa nigga in yangsuri
25:10
chaga India the kite hole that's embassy
25:13
obesity so for like paper paper earth
25:19
like a pink yes so you dirty your case
25:21
wasn't su utility with P it's not so
25:25
convincing but with sounds like L melon
25:32
melon hi olli Unga elder Gandia so we
25:37
say we have Amba syllabus it ii hear of
25:40
that sound and Scylla this city Joseph
25:45
saw eager in ing away is a Sega India
25:49
Sri chakra India so sorry in Jeddah
25:51
Kaito ok came on any other questions
25:56
yeah
25:59
what is shadowboxing actually I'll give
26:05
you an example one way they translate
26:07
tidy tren is Chinese shadowboxing
26:10
shadowboxing means doing exercises of
26:13
boxing with yourself how John can see
26:15
the Eaton's inside that chin that's
26:17
shadow boxing anything else okay usually
26:21
what happened in the past is I get a lot
26:23
of students protesting trying to win
26:25
extra points it cuz allows it's a Anya
26:27
Kariba but I'm not getting so many this
26:30
time that's good if if you've graded the
26:32
paper and if you've asked all your
26:34
questions hand them to the front row
26:35
please we're on page 16 we got two
26:41
glottal stops and glottal stop in
26:43
Chinese again is Jose en right and what
26:48
is the glottis again what is the
26:49
definition of the glottis is it a is it
26:55
a piece of flesh what is it
26:58
the glottis is the space between the
27:02
vocal folds son die young PN Hanukkah
27:06
song Gianna comme Jin make a chair call
27:09
Nick it's a Gladys that's the definition
27:12
of Gladys it's a space between the vocal
27:15
folds
27:18
so actually it's air huh Gladys is air
27:21
it's a space between the vocal folds the
27:24
Gladys so we talk about an open Gladys
27:27
or closed glottis yochi I've gone joke I
27:31
don't see a cheat why you young but
27:34
that's what it means and a glottal stop
27:39
is what how do we produce the glottal
27:42
stop it's a opening closing or closing
27:48
in an opening you can put it that way
27:49
it's more accurate
27:50
it's a closing and opening of the
27:52
glottis eats food shunned by hood she
27:56
liked my song Tom Chi so I could tie it
27:59
to the Moslem Chi that's a glottal stop
28:01
up up or you open them and close them
28:06
however you want to look at it how's the
28:09
kite
28:10
Ikaika it's jogaila homey I'm booting
28:16
Amash on chi so for example if I say bit
28:19
who has ibhe maybe in high cellphone be
28:23
the Jang tae so homey and hangzhou PR
28:26
kyla so in that case it's probably
28:30
better to say it's a closing of the
28:32
glottis but very often it opens right
28:34
away again okay our reader good and our
28:41
cameras ready and go ahead I'm Doris
28:44
good to summarize the consonant we have
28:49
been discussing so far may be described
28:51
in terms of five factors first state of
28:55
the vocal folds let's slow down because
28:58
these this is a summary right and when
29:01
you get to a summary they're pulling out
29:03
the main points this is don't yet so pay
29:06
special attention whenever you come to a
29:08
summary because although as I told you
29:11
every single sentence and latter focus
29:13
is important every bit of every sentence
29:14
is important this is just sort of like
29:17
the beauty of what we just talked about
29:19
the state of the vocal folds when you
29:22
see that you may not think of voiced
29:24
voiceless right and come in Chambal down
29:26
but that's what it's talking about
29:28
whether it's voiced or whether it's
29:30
voiceless
29:31
well manana EAGA means like get ha she
29:36
coming to the ha ha Joe turns what state
29:39
of the vocal folds to this yo Shanghai
29:43
solution by input I in is it boys or is
29:47
it voiceless that's the state of the
29:48
vocal folds son died a drum Haru who
29:51
tonk Adama heissen sie things I think
29:54
know now is as I turned on that's this
29:57
question there are other states of the
29:59
glottis we learn about them in chapter 6
30:01
but for now we only need to worry about
30:04
voiced and voiceless number two go ahead
30:06
number two place of articulation alright
30:10
quickly starting from front and going
30:12
back and down let's name the ones that
30:14
we know strong twin what is it we don't
30:20
call them lips when we're talking about
30:21
place of articulation by labia we want
30:25
to me it's you know instance I should
30:26
have made it clearer let's give me an
30:27
adjective please so strong twin mm-hmm
30:31
so Jen
30:34
mm-hmm and you also called so Jen right
30:39
and last time I told you look why is the
30:43
word for palatalized so Lin in Chinese
30:46
you often call it show me and in trying
30:51
to on the John passive shermian in
30:53
because in Chinese you like to talk
30:54
about what part of the tongue is
30:56
touching something so we don't want
30:58
create out in just a sound a little look
31:00
yeah Cody Joshua and in it depends on
31:04
whether you want to refer to the passive
31:05
or to the active articulator the passive
31:08
articulator is in the passive Artic are
31:11
the active articulator is shut shum in
31:14
in show me and in and that is what in
31:17
english palatal and what's our one
31:20
palatal sound yeah that's the only one
31:24
we've learned is yep alright and then we
31:28
have rung or shaho in velar and then we
31:33
haven't learned shall sure we don't need
31:36
it for English usually actually we do
31:38
have salsa songs in english but they're
31:41
usually dialectical there's some people
31:43
like
31:44
my elzar probably probably uvular the
31:48
adjective everybody is uvular mm-hmm
31:51
okay and Treasury in retroflex we can
31:56
also call Chow in we can also call it in
31:59
hole in tree and hole in so behind the
32:03
alveolar Ridge and we can also use
32:08
julienne and Chinese for palatal velar
32:11
the Ocoee so in in in the in Shang or
32:16
the in in in Chinese palate or alveolar
32:19
or you can say sure yeah in you're
32:22
talking about the blade of the tongue
32:24
that's less precise though the English
32:28
is palate o alveolar and if we reverse
32:34
them it's the same general area but it's
32:37
a different set of sounds if we say
32:39
alveolo-palatal I gave you examples of
32:41
alveolar palatal sounds in Mandarin what
32:43
are they teaching sheet good that's
32:46
great because we're going to be learning
32:47
how to write Chinese and IPA very very
32:49
soon so you've already got a head start
32:51
for retroflex remember the definition is
32:56
the tongue curls so the bottom surface
32:59
of the tip of the tongue approaches or
33:02
touches the soft that the hard palate
33:05
okay so you should hold wait drench
33:08
you'll I should tienda SHINee an
33:10
immunity with guillotine whole poem to
33:12
Sangha
33:13
okay and that covered them all then
33:18
we're going to talk about what what's
33:20
next go ahead three three central or
33:24
lateral articulations okay I have to
33:28
flip back to the page here
33:32
central or lateral articulation there's
33:35
only one sound that we have to worry
33:38
about when we're talking about number
33:40
three and normally when we're talking
33:43
about if a sound is central or lateral
33:46
if it's central do we bother mentioning
33:47
it if it's a central sound for example
33:51
duh
33:54
hmm well is not a good example but duh
33:57
the tongue is touching the middle part
34:00
and then the air comes over the middle
34:02
part of the tongue duh or nah those are
34:07
all central articulations but if a sound
34:10
is a central articulation do we bother
34:12
mentioning it no we only mention it we
34:16
what do we only mention the second one
34:17
the second choice is lateral lateral and
34:21
that only concerns one sound which is
34:25
Lulla that's right and that's classified
34:28
as what what place of articulation and
34:31
what manner lateral we've already said
34:34
and the manner of articulation is how to
34:37
find function of Jessamyn approximant
34:41
approximate Gigi and in cautiously what
34:43
caused this you don't see so make sure
34:45
you memorize that laterals are all
34:47
approximate at least the ones we're
34:49
working with so Jen seokbong de Mayo
34:53
talk cuz a con she told me I'm being was
34:55
a tawny PN nigger wah wah leo nigga Jos
34:59
lega lateral approximant let's move on
35:02
for number four what do we have
35:03
number four soft palate raised to form a
35:07
valid closure kneeling feeling closure
35:10
overall sounds not oh well
35:12
oral or oral oh not oh don't say oh just
35:18
say are ya oh that's or roll Oh
35:23
sound that's good or lowered naso sounds
35:27
okay in number four
35:29
oh I remember do I want to say about
35:30
number three and Chinese remember it's
35:32
called being in somebody said can we say
35:33
to you we don't say sorry we only said
35:36
Union that I know of number four soft
35:39
palate something whatever concerns the
35:41
soft palate when we're talking about
35:43
that we're not talking about
35:44
cook and good those are velar sounds
35:47
we're talking about V lick closure not
35:49
velar approximation or velar contact
35:53
we're talking about V Lee closure we're
35:54
only talking about what class of sounds
35:56
in that case what louder nasals that's
36:01
right nasals being I think it's about WA
36:03
being also be ye in but we haven't
36:06
talked about those yet you don't need
36:07
that yet so nasals if and some of you
36:10
got this wrong in your notes if the
36:13
vellum is open is it raised or lowered
36:17
its lowered if it's lowered and open
36:20
then we get nasal sounds if we want oral
36:24
sounds what do we do with the vellum
36:26
raise it and we also can say it's closed
36:29
- closed vlm alright so make sure those
36:32
two are clear shots you know high dose
36:34
of Tom kinda does a bean and five number
36:37
five
36:38
minerals articulate her reaction okay
36:41
that's kind of British we don't say
36:42
articulatory like a genie and wobb wobb
36:45
you know where's the stress second
36:49
syllable articulatory everybody I'm
36:52
sorry we have to practice it seven times
36:54
go articulatory go
37:07
okay the phonetics we're learning now is
37:10
called articulatory phonetics everyone
37:15
please don't mess up that word
37:18
articulatory Nyong'o Hondo Vienna in
37:20
Wichita illusion that's my experience in
37:22
the past is down on being hi-c or
37:25
Indians war and I know that this is a
37:27
lot of new stuff you have a lot of
37:28
things to think about but try to
37:30
organize it so you can review things
37:32
that we often get wrong like
37:34
pronunciations of common words like
37:36
fauna Titian articulatory glottal stop
37:40
etc and okay we're almost finished I'd
37:44
like to finish before the break okay so
37:46
let's do the next two paragraphs before
37:48
we take our break go ahead next
37:49
that's the continent they had the
37:51
beginning of the word that's the boost
37:53
oh that's the other thing I wanted to
37:54
tell you first of all five don't say
37:56
five it's five that's pretty good
38:00
all right and watch out for at the loser
38:04
at that at the beginning of the word
38:09
thing is a first voiceless alright we're
38:13
talking about so the state of the vocal
38:16
folds is everybody remember state of the
38:22
vocal folds is the question is it boy
38:24
stur is it voiceless so this first sound
38:28
in the word sing is a suit what is the
38:31
state of the vocal folds voiceless good
38:34
to alveolar alveolar because the tip of
38:38
the tongue is very very close to the
38:40
alveolar Ridge and that's the first one
38:43
is state of the vocal folds to go back
38:45
and look you'll see it's the place of
38:48
articulation good three central central
38:52
do we need to bother mentioning central
38:53
normally no we only will bother when a
38:56
sound is a lateral and for now it's only
39:00
one sound L and oh do we normally
39:03
mention oral no the only time that we
39:07
think about this is when a sound is a
39:10
nasal so oral and send
39:12
Joseph boy you decree bianchi if we want
39:15
to be really really detailed we can
39:17
mention them but normally we don't and
39:19
five free Qatif consonant ok fricative
39:26
is white in chinese tie-in and 4/5 we're
39:30
talking about the manner of articulation
39:32
good and go ahead how the end of scene
39:37
is a one voiced alright so mm nasals are
39:42
all voiced the nasals and approximate
39:44
SAR all voiced so if you're hesitating
39:47
that's an easy way to remember a bunch
39:49
of them and two-wheeler mm-hmm three
39:53
alert um so hope um gone wrong uh and
39:57
three central alright it's not an al and
40:00
for an a so this one's nasal we don't
40:03
say nasal stop we're just gonna say
40:04
nasal and five stop alright we call it a
40:07
stop but normally we won't say number
40:09
five we have one paragraph left I think
40:11
we can wrap it up quick next reader
40:12
please name is Justine okay on most
40:16
occasions it is not necessary to state
40:18
all five points all right
40:20
not necessary don't say not necessary
40:22
not necessary try it again
40:26
highs if had quiet remember ptk home and
40:29
teen gonna surge in mint on the Ray not
40:32
necessary I'm not exaggerating it's only
40:35
out Tina my job not necessary
40:37
try it again it is not necessary yes to
40:40
state all five points a unless a
40:42
specific statement to the contrary is
40:45
made consonants are usually presumed to
40:48
be central now labia not lab you'll not
40:51
oh no letter role okay nigga top-10 I'll
40:54
you don't make a stop at stops your
40:56
cursor to e not lateral not lateral or
41:00
oral rather than nasal or mom and I and
41:04
or Oh
41:06
rather than nasal mm-hmm okay that's
41:09
what I just said so we own T oral yep we
41:12
own T central nasal is all your BLT stop
41:15
okay
41:17
consequently points three and four may
41:21
often be left out left out be left out
41:25
so the consonant at the beginning of
41:28
sing is simply called a voiceless
41:31
alveolar fricative when describing
41:34
nasals 0.4 has to be specifically
41:38
mentioned and point 5 can be left out
41:41
left out left out mm-hmm
41:44
so the consonant at the end of sing is
41:47
simply called a voiced velar nasal
41:49
called called yeah cold sehun lung it's
41:53
not that bad today right so called and
41:56
all right so let's make sure you
41:58
understood all that points three and
42:00
four can be left out of we don't have to
42:02
mention that it's central we don't have
42:04
to mention that it's oral first and then
42:06
for mm or sorry we didn't get to that we
42:10
can simply call it a voiceless alveolar
42:11
fricatives Zoe coughs away cause like a
42:14
dong sheet voiceless alveolar fricative
42:17
sounds like a sheet so state of the
42:19
vocal folds place of articulation manner
42:22
of articulation Roylott voiceless
42:24
alveolar fricative colleges gosh it's a
42:26
sign go and then for nasals we must
42:29
mention point four but not five so that
42:33
what are we going to call the in sound
42:36
it's a last three words of the paragraph
42:40
voiced velar nasal voiced velar nasal
42:46
take about a seven minute break don't
42:50
stay out too long so try to come back
42:51
about 2:30 - how about 2:30 - we're
42:56
gonna start up again okay just a couple
42:59
of things from the break there's a lot
43:00
of interesting stuff going on and during
43:02
the break but we don't have time to talk
43:03
about it all one thing is we were
43:05
talking about a discussion now going on
43:07
on the NTU phonetics Facebook group
43:10
that's a really great group I'm so
43:12
impressed we already have like I said
43:15
high profile linguist each phase on tier
43:19
two teacher you ensure jargon you in Shh
43:21
are on the list and they are
43:24
contributing some of them are in other
43:28
countries like in England in the u.s.
43:29
some of them are local people who are
43:31
really interested in languages each one
43:33
has a lot to contribute and I think
43:35
we're very lucky we now have well over
43:37
200 people
43:38
now by durian including a lot of former
43:41
phonetic students so it's a very very
43:44
rich environment that we have there to
43:47
discuss things so please please go ahead
43:50
and post anything that comes to mind
43:52
Jamie had a really interesting post
43:54
about
43:59
that's right and what does that call
44:01
it's called Tourette's syndrome
44:03
Tourette's syndrome check I don't want
44:06
to write it now
44:07
well not a because I have to keep
44:08
carrying this thing around so Tourette's
44:10
syndrome go to Facebook you will see it
44:12
Teek I told it Jamie's post about
44:15
Tourette's syndrome it's when you have
44:17
an irresistible urge to keep doing
44:20
something often it's a dumb soil you
44:22
have to look at me now
44:23
can we shot it's a tic something like
44:25
this
44:26
something like that we call it a tic T I
44:28
see in Tourette's syndrome you often
44:31
have a language tic that means you have
44:33
a certain word you keep repeating it
44:35
over and over again biscuit when you're
44:37
just saying something biscuit normal you
44:39
keep biscuit saying the word biscuit and
44:40
there's no really biscuit reason for
44:42
saying the word biscuit that's if you
44:44
saw the video so that's a kind of
44:47
Tourette's syndrome another kind is
44:48
where you say a lot of - wha yeah all of
44:52
the signs of gene will come out and
44:53
sometimes the person Busan is don't
44:56
paint on when you want sends a jingle
44:57
red and they can't help it so do not
45:00
bully Alda it's a it's a definite
45:02
conditions it's a no now sending there
45:05
you go NT so that was an interesting
45:07
post and there was another interesting
45:09
post from Jerome about nasalization for
45:13
example in Mandarin sometimes you'll say
45:16
wow how pong is that right no Pat should
45:23
that be nasalized well how hype I like a
45:26
pot you know you'll be Rama
45:28
all right what Jerome mentioned have the
45:31
rest of you notice you'll show it's in
45:32
heels like a pie in my oh ho pong ping
45:36
woman yeah that was a really excellent
45:40
observation what she won't make it in it
45:43
was a ping Tom Cruise oh geez I'll say
45:45
on to the grind ha please do it I mean
45:48
in the past before you learn phonetics
45:50
you might think it's an embarrassing
45:51
mispronunciation but now you know
45:54
there's a reason for every single thing
45:55
that happens in the world of humans and
45:58
the universe in nature there's a reason
46:00
for everything and this one's quite
46:02
consistent it happens a lot there's a
46:04
reason for it and I put in my answer
46:07
that in fact something similar happens
46:10
in English
46:12
and especially in British English
46:13
because well okay we'll share some with
46:16
some that with you now and I can write a
46:18
little bit less later and that is
46:20
American English is often very nasal I
46:22
have a nasal voice the part of the
46:24
country where I come from woman y'all
46:26
handle little why the BYU my voice is
46:28
quite nasal I'm not really crazy about
46:30
it but I was born that way okay so not a
46:35
lady Gaga fan but I was born that way it
46:37
wasn't really born that way I grew up
46:38
that way woman that belie infinite and
46:40
well and that's true of most American
46:42
it's not all I know some americans who
46:45
speak really dryly no nasalization at
46:47
all Oh what Donna how she ain't cool
46:49
oh yeah be who I don't so for what I
46:51
found something so we have a lot of
46:53
nasalization in America and if you
46:55
listen to the news you'll hear it all
46:56
the time
46:57
unnecessary nasalization all the time
47:00
coming home in yoga being Lyla
47:02
solid audio Caixa theme I long okay
47:05
that's American in British English
47:07
they are not so nasal they're dryer I
47:09
call it dryer because you're not using
47:12
all those nasal residences but in
47:14
British English if you listen to the BBC
47:16
they will often use nasalization to
47:19
emphasize a point they'll say billions
47:23
of dollars have been spent on this
47:25
project Turin general Kaiser John Archie
47:28
one has 18 giant railway Yaya Han Chang
47:31
yeah they will use nasalization in
47:34
British English now this is a paper I
47:36
wanted to write but I don't have time to
47:37
write all the papers I wanted to write
47:38
so if you want to go ahead but start
47:41
listening to the BBC and listen for when
47:43
the announcer suddenly uses nasalization
47:46
almost always they're trying to
47:48
emphasize something and sound
47:50
authoritative that's my conclusion you
47:53
could collect a great corpus guanxi on
47:55
BBC naathan phan piane punish a penguin
47:58
you may go and she teen BBC do Cola and
48:00
you can get it on the internet okay
48:02
anything else before we move on oh and
48:04
there's a couple things that Sophie
48:06
mentioned and this one is also confusing
48:08
what symbol do we use before R and L
48:11
it's a Keiko
48:13
oh so or mommy on zigga oh so don't say
48:17
or L is also after the same thing all of
48:22
the people but we don't say all in New
48:24
York English you
48:25
but I don't in the Midwest if you have
48:28
an R or and L we will learn later in the
48:31
textbook it usually cuts off the second
48:33
part of a diphthong
48:34
nah-ah demand on citrate is o because it
48:37
makes sure that binds to our right
48:40
o for example law draw etc right but if
48:44
you put an iron l after this sound they
48:48
go home in an or they go nigga strong
48:51
wind the shines' make a tiago poof in
48:53
look whip it cheered yeah so this one is
48:55
all don't see much going on right ah
48:58
Oh homie Oh nigga yo shout out Dada
49:03
nigga poof Amalia oh you wait Danny
49:06
invention caputo I'll take an answer or
49:08
we don't say over so we don't use the
49:11
old homie and then they go poof a bitch
49:14
head yeah we're gonna just use this oh
49:16
it's not our although some people say
49:18
orange I say orange some say orange
49:21
nesaf on you know when tea but my point
49:24
is before art this sound homie and Abu
49:26
phone with a chilly out so it's or or
49:29
okay any other questions before you move
49:32
on so Sophie just asked me about that
49:34
she marked it as a regular oh in your
49:36
notes this is the explanation that I'm
49:38
giving now to correct that okay anything
49:41
else if not make sure that you
49:43
understood everything that we just
49:46
finished in this section so how we
49:49
describe a sound go in this order simple
49:52
dance alia - woman yow-yow
49:54
nice yeah ginger or she purchases how to
49:58
swim shoot the egos a voiced or
50:00
voiceless next okay boys Liz alveolar
50:05
central we don't need usually unless
50:08
it's an L then we only need four if it
50:12
is nasal and we do need five no matter
50:15
what
50:16
then we need for example stop fricative
50:20
approximate etc okay
50:24
that's it we're going on two waveforms
50:26
of consonants next reader please the
50:32
waveforms of consonants at this stage
50:37
okay that as this this is something all
50:39
of you are gonna have to train yourself
50:40
on needs y'all kind out sooo a what you
50:43
do wait y'all some are p t k bh e dude's
50:50
origin gender that's what I tell my
50:52
other classes at if you just look at my
50:54
tummy you can see it at at cut it out
50:59
how's that DOMA at 0 pyncheon la Gina de
51:02
put on a minimal Gina ok ok
51:04
at cut it ama at at at dudes away t0
51:11
white jean that's what you do at the end
51:14
of a stop PDK glottal stop home handles
51:17
at get cheap and then pause there's a
51:21
very long pause after PT k b DG home in
51:24
a positive anima Tom PT k home and Tina
51:27
and Joe even if it's a really really
51:29
insignificant function word Jesus I got
51:32
her in childish uses we still say at
51:35
this stage we don't say at this stage
51:38
immediately it sounds like Taiwan
51:40
English immediately wine Trent do them
51:43
quiet just soon Jen with your Tina doubt
51:45
the Busan native speaker that and you
51:47
don't need to do that
51:47
Nichiren I'm sure the data ha anyways
51:50
meow Jensen you and I to have it ok cuz
51:52
the anyways I have it you know shot in
51:54
going for at this stage everyone at this
51:57
stage good
51:59
don't say at this stage at this stage
52:02
point we will not go to listen that not
52:13
the acoustics of consonants simply
52:18
nothing simply noting note2 ing a
52:24
distinct a notation simply loading a few
52:29
distinctive points about their waveforms
52:34
all right now we're talking about
52:35
waveforms I told you to make waveforms
52:38
of the sentences in the textbook so you
52:41
start to get a feel for it
52:43
and Wendy can you hold up your waveform
52:46
so I can tell them what to get rid of ok
52:49
Sami Anita hey hey that's hi Joyce
52:51
chamois and nigga bout a shout y'all may
52:53
get back oh the D found but a gwaan do
52:55
we only want the top part that's the
52:57
waveforms Shami anda we're going to
52:59
learn about that second semester so he
53:02
says that we're going to tell you a
53:03
little bit about waveforms but we're not
53:05
going to go into the details of
53:06
acoustics that second semester it's a
53:08
lot of stuff it's a lot of physics but
53:10
there are some things that we can
53:11
already see from waveforms that are
53:14
pretty simple go on the places of
53:19
articulation articulations not that
53:25
wasn't not presuppose manners of our
53:37
manners or Theo de BIA manners of
53:41
articulation manners of articulation
53:43
manners of articulation stop nasal drip
53:48
if and approximant approximant
53:51
approximation are usually of parents
53:54
apparent however parents that don't
53:57
watch an mine is a parent today
54:01
furthermore as already pointed out you
54:06
can also see the differences between
54:08
voiced and voiceless sounds so in this
54:11
paragraph he's giving you a quick
54:13
introduction to waveforms that stuff
54:14
that we've mentioned before but now
54:17
we're formally looking at wave form so
54:19
we'll go over it first of all what can
54:23
you not see clearly in any wave form
54:24
there's something
54:25
no matter how the hi you are you can't
54:27
see it clearly in a wave for him what is
54:29
it louder
54:31
place of articulation the place of
54:34
articulation cannot be seen from a
54:37
waveform naquan kinds like a simple
54:39
thing abortion in combos out find the
54:41
thief on Denali find wages to combo to
54:43
Lyda put that in your notes it's in the
54:45
test that's one way to get you ready
54:47
writing isn't it ok done that kind of
54:50
way Carl you cannot find the place of
54:52
articulation or you can't determine the
54:54
place of articulation just by looking at
54:56
it waveform but there are two things you
54:59
can see fairly clearly fairly reliably
55:01
from a waveform or on a waveform what
55:04
are they first of all place we can't see
55:09
but place we can't see clearly but what
55:12
can we see clearly the manner and what
55:15
what do they list here for manner of
55:17
articulation stops nasals fricatives
55:22
approximants dolphin Nick wants a kind
55:26
of wave for me Joe crepe and Juan Valdez
55:27
take a stop or is it a nasal or is it a
55:30
fricative or is it approximate we can
55:32
see all of those on the way for him we
55:34
can't say where it was made we can't say
55:37
it was an M or an N or an NG we can't
55:39
tell but we know it's a nasal or we can
55:43
say that's a stop I know that's a stop
55:45
or we can say that's voiced that's
55:47
voiceless that's very easy to see on a
55:49
waveform that's very clear voiced or
55:52
voiceless is very clear in a way of one
55:53
alright and that's it next paragraph
55:58
you mean the top half of feature 1.11
56:03
shows the wave form of the phrase my two
56:06
boys know how to fish they both roughly
56:10
in ordinary spelling the lower part
56:13
shows the same waveform with labelled
56:17
pointy labels with labels pointing out
56:20
the different manners of articulation
56:23
different manners of articulation yeah
56:25
different manners of articulation no I
56:27
guess the way you read it was okay
56:28
because we don't really have a contrast
56:29
go on the time scale at the bottom not
56:33
bottom let's finish the bottom and the
56:36
button bar was a balk I
56:39
everyone bottom how do you say codes it
56:44
so many people mix them up you'll call
56:46
are colored sit but but mmm champion
56:51
bottom bottom don't mix them up ok at
56:57
the bottom bottom nicotine in tap
56:59
Jehovah Adam Adam mm-hmm shows that
57:05
please brace took about two and a half
57:08
seconds okay so if you look right at the
57:12
bottom they have a scale here that's the
57:15
past
57:15
it measures or it marks the passage of
57:17
time so the whole thing you can see from
57:19
zero one point zero one second two point
57:21
zero two seconds and a half two point
57:24
five seconds for the whole thing and
57:28
we've got regular spelling at the top
57:31
and then in the second waveform we've
57:34
written labels to show that this is a
57:37
nasal this is a vowel closure burst
57:41
vowel etc those are things that we can
57:45
see on a waveform and will be laid
57:46
labeling those next reader please
57:48
Phoebe looking mainly as a table version
57:53
in a lower part of the figure figure at
57:55
the figure you can see in the waveform
57:58
where the lips open after the nasal
58:00
consonants in mind so that the amplitude
58:03
gets larger for the vowel
58:05
alright everybody look at the first word
58:08
of the sentence and look at the waveform
58:10
and you all have it in your books so I'm
58:13
not gonna be able to you know show it to
58:14
you but right under M you can see higher
58:18
than channel signs are seeing you're
58:19
like yeah dad is no you don't washing
58:22
doubleday tap it was in the Macao
58:25
because nasals be dumb man you ain't
58:28
happy nigga high minutes would see how
58:30
dose anybody so low so mmm thing is my
58:35
manda you it's about me okay so mmm but
58:39
then I is really loud Shami and soon as
58:42
a nigga vowel - oh ho wait for him 20
58:44
I'm gonna finish it on gamma right so my
58:48
my
58:50
is long and voice Emma's voice but it's
58:53
very tiny because it's a nasal okay go
58:55
on the vowel is ended by the voices stop
58:59
consonant at the beginning of - all
59:02
right my - my - just like when I was
59:06
telling you like but the donggeun
59:10
suppose if and tonic applause you can
59:12
see it right here on the waveform that's
59:13
a long pause just at each house
59:16
so Monday got some joshi under me no
59:18
mayo nigga Haitian menu so my - okay go
59:27
on for which there is a very short
59:30
silence followed by a burst of noise as
59:32
the sup as a stub closure is released
59:35
so my - has a mind out - nubian niggas
59:40
awho where we go you went opposite sooo
59:42
it's the way where nigga Plaza in Chiang
59:44
like for example that one but here we've
59:47
got mice so you can open syllable jazz
59:49
auntie my virgin caisson cuz the nigger
59:55
cheer together so now haunted Joey about
59:58
that - my eating Heights the far too cuz
60:02
its ibhe my - okay so you niggas is ibhe
60:08
today alright so cameo John soir
60:10
so my getting ready to don't gain weight
60:14
team in weight sunbae nian stop there so
60:17
how did y'all be a cheat alright and
60:21
then it have a burst about that now ho
60:24
just your friction your mods ha and then
60:27
we move on to the vowel go on this first
60:30
is why the oral stop consonants are
60:32
called plosives in the international
60:35
phonetic alphabet chart the vowel in Q
60:38
is followed by the voice stop at the
60:40
beginning of boys the voicing for the
60:44
star makes this closure different from
60:46
the one at the beginning of to producing
60:49
small voice and vibrations instead
60:51
by voicing vibrations voice and
60:53
vibrations in this data a a flatline all
60:57
right when you have a flat line you have
60:59
silence so when you see just a flat line
61:01
flatlining in another context means
61:04
somebody's dead he's flatlining
61:06
and that means nigga now boy Jim Mayola
61:09
but here flatlining means there's no
61:11
sound but you're still alive
61:13
don't worry so for a voiceless stop we
61:17
have no sound at all no sound my - I'm
61:21
getting ready to say - cuz then they get
61:23
down so would that be a cheater so some
61:26
missing endo Mayo it's a voiceless stop
61:28
but now we're getting ready to say a
61:30
voiced stop and it's different because
61:32
before I release the stop I am voicing
61:37
it so I think I will get the microphone
61:42
here so everyone can hear it my two boys
61:51
but - boys - boys - boys in way remember
62:03
I told you that if it's at the beginning
62:04
of an utterance like boy oh boy I don't
62:07
have to say boy oh boy I don't have to
62:09
voice it boy oh boy
62:10
summer voicing no mayo sit down go
62:13
inside a boy's name but if the sound
62:15
before it is voiced
62:16
then we often voice it so - ding your
62:20
voice thing - my son TJ to seek a voice
62:24
stop - ha voicing which to shoot cuz it
62:26
suits a big toe Tula songs when it
62:30
doesn't occur so in Chile obey - - is
62:33
that right
62:33
Cheerios if they do doula cuz it's a
62:36
bean with cheesy fashion which is your
62:37
voicing so my two boys my two boys
62:44
that's what you see here right under the
62:47
beef where he wrote B you can see look
62:51
at mine cool it just upbeat out door -
62:54
it's in the Haitian III will shine like
62:56
a my two downs on the nigga flatline
62:59
casa yo your every day
63:02
nigga Joseph that's what that sound is
63:06
mm-hmm my two boys everyone clear on
63:12
that
63:12
that's voicing one after the vowel in
63:15
boys there is a fricative with a more
63:18
nearly random way for waveform pattern
63:21
though there are some voicing vibration
63:24
voice and vibrations intermingled with
63:27
the voice all right here we're learning
63:28
important things about waveforms when we
63:32
have regular vibrations look at the
63:34
vowel and boy can you see these straight
63:38
lines
63:39
now hold happy shout see the Puffin was
63:41
it dongjun Toby a Hema y-min
63:43
joke I said Joshy itaú he taught us
63:44
young kind of cool is that right son
63:47
yeah and then Shami Ashera CEO Han
63:49
huachen share Tim Gunn and jr. jr. jr.
63:52
means voicing McConnell nigga she she
63:55
under Jenga Union that's voicing but
63:59
what do we do when we get to zoo in
64:01
Taiwan English you probably don't voice
64:03
it at all you probably say my voice
64:04
right my voice but we do voice it
64:08
especially if the next sound is voiced
64:10
so it's boys now do we have voice thing
64:15
yes so therefore we should have evenly
64:19
spaced lines right is that right
64:22
however in addition to voice thing we've
64:24
got something else going on with zoo
64:26
it's not like mmm we've got something
64:30
else going on with zoo what is it what
64:35
is it
64:38
noise that's it noise Darian you're
64:42
telling you it's a fricative tie in Doha
64:45
wait times and sorry and remember we
64:47
talked about it earlier so we have
64:50
regular lines to show that we have
64:52
voicing but at the same time we have a
64:53
big mess because we have noise so noise
64:57
can voice thing Liang gadot clothes I
65:00
eat you - oh ho just like a youngster so
65:04
voicing die noise though y'all that's
65:07
typical of this kind of sound so you'll
65:10
see it evenly spaced lines + random
65:13
frequencies let's go on next paragraph
65:16
the waveform of the of the know is very
65:20
like that of the at the beginning of the
65:25
utterance
65:25
it shows regular glottal pulses but
65:28
there are smaller have less amplitude
65:31
than those in the following vowel all
65:33
right so just like with mine mmm we see
65:35
regular leave space lines but then a big
65:38
vowel you can see how much louder the
65:40
vowel is same thing again same structure
65:42
we have regularly spaced lines but the
65:45
amplitude sound shap then they got fool
65:48
do niggas attend fool when I get your
65:49
singing - I'll sing and shout my Munda
65:52
because the mouth is closed air is
65:54
coming through the nose and a lot of the
65:55
sound gets absorbed so mmm no oh this is
65:59
a ho singing - I'm bein dolla
66:00
but it's all voiced so we've got evenly
66:03
spaced lines all the way through what
66:04
the that follows this vowel is very
66:08
short with hardly any voices interval
66:11
interval interval mm-hmm after the vowel
66:15
and how there are some further very
66:17
short actions there's hardly any closure
66:20
for the alright this is going fast and
66:22
he's and they're describing here what's
66:25
happening on the waveform so we have to
66:26
go over everything
66:27
oh we took care of the vowel the next
66:29
sound is now it's not even on some about
66:33
some consonant charts
66:35
Yodas and Anika to become a MIOSHA huh
66:38
because Tommy Osama to beautify India
66:41
how's it gonna homey and that move in
66:44
like ding way for example he I chose a
66:47
palatal ha my chosen home
66:50
so huh ah who is this aspiration help me
66:54
Obi ADA cabochon don't know how or so
66:58
Hey
66:58
ha gets hanging how does a who she
67:01
nothing else it's just aspiration so we
67:04
don't see very much for how maybe an
67:07
male I mean she and another don't she
67:10
eat the NDA so you hands shout and then
67:13
we get the vowel which is big again
67:14
and then we don't have much closure for
67:18
to to push out um Minda my two boys and
67:21
they bee and nicotine doing my job
67:23
why because it is it's a function word
67:30
and we say it really fast in an American
67:32
English
67:32
it may be voiced now we don't know her
67:35
how - honey honey shouting Adama she so
67:39
it's not gonna be a big deal how to fish
67:41
here how to fish here table Lucy got tap
67:45
but it goes by fast
67:46
hey go on and the vowel into has only a
67:50
few vocal fold pulses may be much
67:52
shorter than any of the other vowels in
67:55
the sentence sentence sentence mm-hmm
67:58
the fricative at the beginning of fish
68:01
is a little less loud has a slightly
68:03
smaller amplitude then there's relative
68:06
at the end of the word alright what
68:07
they're saying here is to hommina go Moo
68:09
in a way hunt wine often it's a schwa
68:11
how to fish hunc onizuka's schwa
68:14
we'll see how to fish how to fish and
68:17
it's very very short so you see only a
68:19
few pulses mei-chiao chiu I get Django's
68:22
and jr. in an HSE Shan Mei Chao shin-soo
68:25
nigga glottis eat kya ho
68:27
so that's one opening and closing of the
68:30
GLaDOS each line and then fish is very
68:34
very quiet to go Taizo
68:37
and Xiao Zhong de it's quieter than what
68:40
then
68:44
then the show at the end of the word so
68:47
fish you can just hear it now with a
68:50
microphone right fish the is much
68:55
louder isn't it and you can see it in a
68:58
waveform very good next section I'm
69:02
Jerome the articulation of articulation
69:07
the articulation of vowel sounds in the
69:12
production of vowel sounds the
69:15
articulator do not come very close
69:17
together and the passage of the
69:20
airstream is relative of the airstream
69:24
is relatively unobstructed remember that
69:27
that's the difference between vowels and
69:28
consonants with a vowel the airstream is
69:31
relatively unobstructed male 2 I Selena
69:34
so um always on so I that's the
69:35
difference what we can describe our
69:39
sounds roughly in terms of the position
69:41
of the highest point of the tongue and
69:45
the position of the lips now remember
69:48
when we're describing vowels using an
69:50
articulatory description is really
69:52
difficult because it's hard to know
69:55
exactly what your tongue is doing in
69:56
your mouth where it is we can do it and
69:59
when we do it we measure subtle sweet
70:02
doll that you get in Tonica Gucci lie
70:04
how cool is we called ego did write it
70:07
in your notes it's the part that touched
70:09
chachi I'd recall a thief on the part of
70:12
the tongue that sticks up the highest
70:13
that's the part that we measure that we
70:16
refer to so she'll come as a champion
70:18
chachi I was a home in Chowchilla that
70:21
will form different vowels so the part
70:23
that sticks up the highest of the tongue
70:25
and in addition 320i gamma what the lips
70:28
are doing when as we will see Ania taqwa
70:32
figure 1.12
70:34
shows the articulatory position for the
70:37
vowels in heat hit head hard father good
70:43
food food good nigga attorney Dan it's a
70:47
voice of course in saying these words
70:51
the tongue and lips are in continuous
70:53
motion throughout the vowels the
70:56
saw in the x-ray movie in demonstration
71:00
movie extra movie in demonstration 1.1
71:05
and the city the positions shown in the
71:09
figure are best considered as the
71:12
targets of the gestures for the vowel
71:15
all right this is important to note the
71:17
word targets does that mean that we
71:20
absolutely attain that position every
71:23
time with our tongue every time we say
71:25
that vowel eating away battle nigga
71:27
diiemma make a hot tool I didn't Iike
71:29
call doing eating wait wait I don't like
71:30
a called uma okay doesn't need a move
71:33
y'all need a pass and he's isopod
71:35
everyday doesn't need a pass because any
71:38
bleeding wait da da that's our target
71:40
does he go Li Lu in there you got sleepy
71:42
Outlander you got the end cuz she done
71:45
is I find it shall help couldn't wait up
71:46
without you ain't kind of wait change
71:50
your home and 18 now look very carefully
71:52
at this figure down here figure 1.12 as
71:56
we mentioned we're going to be using
71:57
acoustics to describe vowels later on
71:59
right now we're just going to talk about
72:00
the position of the tongue so for each
72:02
vowel a different part of the tongue is
72:05
highest that's what we need for vowels
72:08
we have only a few minutes we're not
72:10
going to finish the chapter
72:10
unfortunately we'll finish it definitely
72:13
on Monday I will try to get us up to
72:15
suprasegmentals that part is short but
72:18
it's really important let's just go on
72:20
to page 20 now and it says that in all
72:23
the vowel gestures the tongue tip is
72:25
down behind the lower front teeth so
72:27
woman so we have a be found by a show
72:29
chilli out and I guess so Jen what
72:30
sholde side them yeah shot just isn't
72:33
good Shami and then the good nigga yacht
72:36
sit the home yeah and the body of the
72:38
tongue is domed upward dome so you're
72:41
und high jump Buchi ladies and check it
72:45
in your own pronunciation so let's just
72:47
try these different vowels everybody
72:49
just repeat after me and feel what your
72:52
tongue is doing E can you feel your
73:04
tongue moving around this is soy yeah
73:06
write it down
73:07
practice feeling where your tongue is
73:10
and what it's doing for each of these
73:11
vowels practice this because you need to
73:16
be able to feel it I know when I first
73:18
started phonetics consonants were no
73:20
problem but the vowels really had me
73:23
puzzled
73:23
what kind job without video shuttles I
73:25
got my national Injil so you need to
73:27
start practicing say the vowels feel
73:30
where your tongue is which part of it is
73:33
domed what part of the vocal tract is
73:36
close to okay now we're going to divide
73:40
the vowels into two types front and back
73:42
this is really important for the front
73:45
vowels those are the first four that we
73:48
just repeated E is the highest high
73:51
front E and then a little bit lower we
73:55
have it then middle just that we would
74:00
say a little bit below the middle is F
74:02
and the lowest is a all of these are the
74:05
front vowels to sing us a channel in
74:07
Chimel in front vowels front vowels and
74:11
back vowels go you'll get a toaster so
74:13
you have to keep them straight
74:14
we usually keep going in a u-shape ah is
74:18
the most low it's the lowest and most
74:20
back vowel ah so treehome unions it's
74:22
read either then we come up for a pitch
74:26
out downs on the home yet now how to
74:28
take out a home in but you notice in
74:31
this diagram E and O are both high
74:35
vowels right don't go but is Oh as high
74:38
as a look at the top of twenty one can
74:42
kind who is number seven is Oh as high
74:48
as e know why not
74:54
why not he is very high who is also a
74:59
high vowel but who is not nearly as high
75:01
as a it's closer to it the girl - right
75:04
right
75:05
why is that I think that's about all the
75:08
time we're gonna have that's the only
75:11
the only thing we have time enough to
75:12
explain is this why is the e so much
75:15
higher than the that's not really the
75:22
reason but that's true back vowels tend
75:24
to be rounded arches how wasting my
75:25
talents are us when they get yo your I
75:27
mean because I'm sure the meals to Jin
75:28
Jam it's very simple actually it's just
75:31
a matter of suddenly the goal it's all
75:34
okay this is the hinge of my jaw right
75:38
here's where I make e is up here and
75:40
here's where I make you back here this
75:43
is a machine job I have room up here for
75:48
an e cuz it's sunny da dat da Gama Gama
75:51
you wait pasta you got vision the other
75:55
day I visioned a home in cocoon Jen had
75:58
a food omentum ago meal and I'm on my
75:59
own I'm a DA so that's why back vowels
76:02
are going to be lower even if we call
76:03
them high that is all the time we have
76:06
for today but we are absolutely going to
76:09
finish next time so for next time
76:11
review your assignments what are they
76:14
crap just saying your vowels and feeling
76:16
what your tongue and lips are doing what
76:17
else exercises for chapter one we will
76:23
mark them next time shots the joke I
76:25
said guys sorry eating out Solway shots
76:28
the up a tight swimbait can I ask you a
76:30
hey back boy dink junk exercises what
76:34
else high opinion learn it okay it'll be
76:37
fun actually and then it will be very
76:39
powerful because now you will know how
76:41
to write Chinese and Latin letters what
76:43
else but at the wave form if you haven't
76:46
done it yet anything else okay make sure
76:50
that you are up to date on your reading
76:52
it's a deep hyo's I hunt and don't
76:55
forget your notes you need to hand those
76:56
in every Monday so I know it's a lot of
76:59
stuff but if you're doing it as you go
77:00
along it shouldn't be that heavy do we
77:03
any questions before we end any
77:08
questions at all okay if you think of
77:11
something please post an end to you
77:12
phonetics we we really welcome your
77:14
comments I think it's getting really
77:16
interesting we'll see you there but I