Transcript


00:18
Sophie took some notes on problems that
00:20
she noticed in your quizzes for example
00:26
if a syllable has only one I'm sorry if
00:30
a word has only one syllable and it's
00:32
stressed for example let's say bookcase
00:34
let's take that as two words
00:36
what do you Circle right Bo oh is that
00:42
okay
00:43
no because book is a one single syllable
00:50
so if a word is stressed and it has only
00:53
one syllable what do you circle the
00:56
whole word yeah make sure that you
00:58
circle the whole word so book Bo ok is
01:01
circled and in cases not some of you
01:04
thought urban was a noun maybe you just
01:07
didn't know the word was not a problem
01:08
and sometimes you circled both nouns and
01:13
a compound was that in a case where it
01:16
should have been a just once one
01:19
stressed part okay so for example if
01:24
it's something like convenience store
01:26
maybe you circled convenience store you
01:28
circle both of them and you didn't put a
01:29
star on it so no matter what every
01:32
single item has to have an asterisk will
01:34
then look up make a dough out Packaging
01:36
hop because everyone will have at least
01:38
one stress and where do you put this
01:40
with the asterisk on which on which
01:47
stress seho we go Johnny in the other
01:51
day right so it's going to have at least
01:53
one stress and if it's got only one
01:57
stress then where does the asterisk go
01:59
on that stress because three hoga johny
02:02
angels at hawaii there Johnny
02:04
so woodland Hook in this system that
02:06
we're using because we're marking tonic
02:08
stress no matter what you need at least
02:10
eat mad at least you need exactly one
02:12
asterisk so if there's only one syllable
02:15
circle put the asterisk to the upper
02:17
right hand corner of that if there are
02:19
two syllables circled where does the
02:21
asterisk go
02:24
on the first or second the second one
02:28
the last one obviously so make sure that
02:30
you're identifying compound nouns
02:33
correctly they have only one stress and
02:37
however many stresses an item has put
02:40
the asterisk by the final item or the
02:42
only one if there's only one mmm okay I
02:48
think that's about it for that in the
02:53
notes which I haven't returned to you
02:55
because I just got them I'll give them
02:56
back to you next time
02:57
which will be next Monday some people
03:00
had trouble with the symbol for the
03:01
glottal stop this is the correct symbol
03:04
for a glottal stop everybody pay
03:05
attention cuz a lot of you write it in a
03:07
funny way and I noticed this every year
03:10
first of all don't do this show me and
03:16
we all die you hung the reason is
03:18
because there is another symbol that
03:22
looks like this Nihon says I will cite
03:28
3d pool thank you house so I'm just
03:32
there is a symbol that looks like this
03:35
look in the front inside cover of your
03:37
textbook look on the front inside cover
03:41
and look at the other symbols in the
03:45
middle of the page the front inside
03:48
cover there's a Quang Quang right
03:51
there's a box everybody find it I know
03:55
it's Monday
03:56
I know it's Monday alright so the Box in
03:59
the middle and says other symbols and
04:02
look in the first column the last two
04:04
items what do you see says voiced
04:08
epiglottal fricative and epiglottal
04:11
plosive dope day everybody find it and
04:13
it looks sort of like it looks sort of
04:18
like a glottal stop right but it's got
04:19
this line one of them is the symbol is
04:23
facing to the right that's the
04:24
epiglottal plosive and the other one is
04:27
the same thing but reversed so it looks
04:30
like this every day and that's the voice
04:34
type of glottal fricative now
04:37
this does not look so much like this but
04:39
if you're careless or if the person
04:42
reading it is just not sure they won't
04:44
know what you mean so please no line at
04:46
the bottom of your GLaDOS stop just
04:48
write it like this and what is this
04:51
symbol everybody what's it called tap
04:57
it's called a tap and what is it tap a
05:00
tap is we don't know really the term
05:04
allophones yet at least from this class
05:06
you should know it from you guy but it's
05:08
a variant of the letter T in English so
05:11
if you say take that's a tea that's
05:13
aspirated but if it's got vowels around
05:16
it then it sounds like a very short D so
05:19
water water the water this is a symbol
05:22
for that sound it's called a tap in
05:26
americanist systems sometimes some
05:29
people call it a flap I don't like that
05:31
but you will see it okay that's a tap a
05:34
lot of people confuse these two symbols
05:37
this one is a glottal stop and the
05:43
second one is a tap they are not the
05:45
same although both can be an allophone
05:51
of T so for example take aspirated T
05:57
take no problem hit what kind of a sound
06:01
do we call that what kind of a stop is
06:03
it hit I didn't say hit I said hit what
06:07
kind of a stop is that unreleased right
06:10
and as Jamie said it's confusing because
06:12
the Chinese is blue tool tool it sounds
06:15
negative and it's a little confusing but
06:16
just remember it Gmail found true light
06:19
Mayo by omega2 why daddy punctual yeah
06:21
that's called an unreleased stop if I
06:24
put a word after that starts with a
06:26
consonant it's going to change again
06:28
instead of hit me we often say hit me
06:31
hit what kind of a sound is that
06:37
hit me what sound is that it's a glottal
06:46
stop it's an opening and closing of the
06:49
vocal folds
06:49
remember the Gladys is the opening there
06:51
so a glottal stop just a glottal stop
06:54
I'm so glad we'll stop hi Otto stop send
06:57
back what you kyaku down to it that's a
06:59
glottal stop so hit me my tongue is not
07:03
touching my availed alveolar Ridge hmm
07:06
so hit me hit
07:09
that's called a glottal stop okay is
07:12
that clear and that's different from a T
07:15
between two vowels which sounds like a
07:17
very short deep water water my tongue is
07:22
touching is that right that's the tap so
07:25
hit me or is he coming it moon kite oh
07:30
that's good she's society Amoy into
07:32
chant way over the glottal stop to
07:34
Sharon listen is he coming
07:36
egg elephant uh-uh she's retarded she
07:41
pulled a nigga D found you'll see it
07:43
will go 13 that's a glottal stop GLaDOS
07:45
stop is the sound you make remember when
07:47
a basketball hits your tummy or when you
07:48
imagine it oh that's a glottal stop but
07:52
a tap sounds like a short D is this all
07:55
clear there's a lot of you yeah
07:57
Jamie what about what
08:03
be OTT that's not a word om for some
08:12
reason those two words get mixed up in
08:14
Taiwan all the time all the times it got
08:17
a penis wallet isn't it just good leads
08:19
it so why don't we sort them out one
08:22
more time two different pronunciations
08:28
of the T which one is this is this the
08:32
tap with a glob of stop ha jazzy Langham
08:36
weaned on song it's a tap so listen
08:39
carefully it's not bottom the way we say
08:42
it usually it's bottom teeth
08:44
sorry becomes a tab atom everyone bottom
08:49
chan want bill Wang ji nigga am beyond
08:51
yin in okay a lot of people first of all
08:54
they mix up the final M and N and second
08:59
the T to the boot on the telephone tire
09:01
got potential
09:02
so remember bottom remember the M T
09:06
between two vowels bottom bottom bottom
09:11
now here it happens to also be between
09:14
two vowels but the difference is we
09:16
haven't learned this rule yet we'll
09:18
learn it later ho means the end homie
09:20
and get home Ian's ax n tabby a johan
09:22
dalla because with M Tegan am the place
09:27
of articulation
09:28
Yahoo yeah T is what kind of a sound
09:32
what's the place of articulation
09:35
alveolar right and M is bilabial
09:39
Santiago place of articulation booyah
09:43
that's why this one is a tap how about T
09:45
and n is the place of articulation the
09:48
same or different both of them are wet
09:52
both are alveolar so anyway place of
09:56
articulation so young Archie if they
09:58
goes to get swapped that's why this one
10:00
is not a tap its but hmm
10:03
but mmm Jimmy and Cleo glottal stop UK
10:09
your unreleased teeth but unreleased T
10:12
right everybody tried but
10:14
but or you can also use the glottal stop
10:17
there both are correct but yeah Kui but
10:20
okay homie and higher we got glottal
10:22
stop
10:24
mmm-mmm-mmm but mmm alright so sadly I
10:30
do woman is what taught us to I by
10:31
attorney but in Taiwanese Taiwanese
10:33
English it's the two are confused all
10:35
the time is that right
10:37
human City Canadian you're getting beer
10:39
and John you're wait yeah we're confused
10:41
once more how do we say it bottom bottom
10:46
I guess I I remember a lot of soul way
10:49
too short
10:49
oh it's the way they teach kids in the
10:51
US and also England probably no it's a
10:53
little bit different
10:54
anyway this slowly to short Oh is an ah
10:57
I can father
10:58
so everybody bottom Adam take a bullion
11:03
the more you know this is out V swedge
11:05
but buh-ba-ba-bah moon booyah sick at
11:11
Cebu yeah it's the way the nasal here
11:13
boo yeah Sangha Tavano booyah so you
11:16
need a speaker each other exhale young
11:17
cat somewhat confused Panama door but
11:20
it's just like well Jonnie Jonnie why
11:24
granya we confused the lambda dong she
11:25
knows she grinds Erlanger smoke kind of
11:27
we confused right well Jana Kewanee all
11:30
right you can't eat and hang wanna
11:32
she'll hire you then I got why granny
11:34
and she does the whole your bags I go
11:35
down so he could you could shelf are you
11:37
okay so bottom but mmm but mmm button
11:43
but mmm team ditcher oh man
11:48
she said lianca ho Seguin was a eager
11:50
eager tagajo Seguin was a younger
11:51
hosting in any of our Dell curry but
11:53
what's a but mmm team titles have
11:55
boudoir okay
11:57
bottom button ok did that answer your
12:01
question Jamie thank you anything else
12:07
a lot of you are still confused ok the
12:11
environment in which the glottal stop
12:13
occurs what we know so far
12:17
- II also lianca environment weights
12:19
amiss away o glottal stop any word that
12:21
starts with a vowel especially if it's
12:23
at the beginning of a sentence or an
12:25
utterance it starts
12:27
a glottal stop that's one way we use it
12:29
for example like I said is he coming or
12:33
an airplane just flew overhead
12:36
see also moon Kaito that's it I'm gonna
12:39
cut in surnamed roncada
12:40
do you get the chimney and nigga mundo
12:42
Kaito Jesus like a glottal stop to a
12:44
cheapo Josh and I sigh how the Shahab
12:48
either so name is Jeff Conaway counter
12:51
you guys show unique why not only young
12:54
nigga like Cebu gradall stop using a
12:56
going down sadhika IDR ghana sure you
13:01
can ingest t the way Donna chugga ingest
13:07
zine kite Jota like hips me becomes hit
13:11
me okay say good say how I get you a tea
13:14
shag it was a shocker ins yes link I
13:17
told her hit me hit Robert hit Mary hit
13:23
George jealous sha me and they gets this
13:25
link i Ho Chi Minh they get injured its
13:29
way ho a good angels a tee off nigga
13:30
windy and so a glottal stop is that
13:32
clear anybody have questions this is
13:35
kind of important
13:36
this is the kind of stuff we to in
13:38
phonetics and Janet are in schwa about
13:45
the house it's like a jello some other
13:47
yin-yang
13:49
raising or rising raising watch out
13:53
raising and rising are two different
13:54
words which one is intransitive
13:57
which one is booty well don't sit raise
14:01
a rise rise don't use some chili and it
14:05
gets a rise
14:06
what Behati gala not should raise now so
14:09
time Ambassador Hotel Cola
14:11
what's that had 30,000 we ginger
14:13
sangchul ila boo sit down sir
14:15
however the two can sometimes have the
14:18
same meaning and sometimes they're
14:20
different in British and American
14:21
because in America we talk about a pay
14:23
raise I got a raise in Britain it
14:26
surprised I got a pay rise so he told me
14:29
go don't she's I make which I'll raise
14:30
saying which I rise so I took a little
14:33
eat so again to remind you I know it's
14:36
habit but we don't use a single e for
14:39
the diphthong AE put a short it after it
14:42
we don't use a single Oh for Oh put a
14:45
short you after it Sophie also mentioned
14:51
some confused ideas of differences in
14:53
American and British English there
14:54
probably were a bunch of different
14:55
examples
14:57
neeyala we may see in shibuya now Haneen
15:00
trip beyond Sweden she took us the
15:01
English a young fossil now how God would
15:03
change sousou-sama
15:04
if I ever mention anything well they do
15:07
it different in Britain pay attention
15:09
and get every sound right spell it
15:11
correctly get the expression correct
15:13
nyonyo eat my tie good said son go boo
15:15
Yong Hwa you must be very very precise
15:18
and if you didn't hear it what did you
15:19
do what do you do team which angel gamma
15:24
nodosum on yeah if you didn't hear it
15:29
clearly just raise your hand we'll
15:30
repeat it or ask me or ask one of the
15:32
TAS during the break Sofie especially
15:34
but just come to me during the break or
15:37
ask during class it'll probably help
15:38
other people a lot of you don't
15:41
understand the rules for adding plural
15:45
ending endings in English it's not just
15:47
plurals
15:48
but it's also what adding a final s to a
15:51
word when we use s as a suffix there are
15:53
three different situations when we do
15:56
that what are they first of all I said
15:59
one is plural right singular or plural
16:03
so book books bag bags bush bushes
16:06
everyday doesn't see you don't chain
16:08
Kwanzaa plural what's the other what are
16:10
the other two I'm thinking of this
16:19
concert that I went to last night it was
16:22
really high
16:23
you know the singers were jumping around
16:24
and everyone started dancing and then I
16:27
come to Monday morning there's nothing
16:31
like the concert last night
16:32
ok so woman equates lashes Gemma first
16:36
about what are the three situations when
16:38
we add s to a word plural second is
16:42
third person singular of verbs right I
16:47
look you look he looks right and then
16:52
the third situation is the book's cover
16:58
the bags handle the bushes leaves what
17:04
is it
17:05
possessive right so we've got three
17:07
totally different grammatical forms that
17:10
use the same sound right so plurals
17:15
third-person singular verbs plus
17:17
possessive so yoga all of them add a
17:21
final s phoning cuz a nigga s the shin
17:24
should see how kind of Simha what does
17:27
it depend on what form of the s we use
17:29
depends on what what three forms of S do
17:36
we use forms are actually allophones
17:39
we're going to talk about allophones in
17:41
Chapter two but s yo centum boot on the
17:46
tongue boot on the tongue chance a
17:48
telephone Espen sense phony has eagle a
17:52
sheen because the tactical ation shall
17:54
you put on the tongue the three
17:57
forms the three realizations of s are
18:00
what book The Fool choses AMA books and
18:04
it sounds like and it is voiced or
18:06
voiceless voiceless right how about bag
18:11
bags and that often gets ignored in
18:14
Taiwan English all lose ten
18:16
to get ignored in Taiwan English in
18:17
general it's a blanket ignoring of a
18:20
sound but because good is voiced how
18:24
about let's say ro u pi what's the
18:27
plural Rose doesn't make well Rose
18:32
anyway wins Whalum windows are voiced so
18:35
you ja s nigga ask the turn chances AMA
18:38
just Azusa voiced right and how about
18:42
Busch total your handle could AHA
18:45
Jasmine bushes honey men stria this is
18:51
bushes it's not wrong it's just not the
18:54
way I usually say it I do use is
18:56
sometimes but usually I'm gonna take
18:58
this off okay this a lot of this is
19:03
repeated but I think there's a lot of
19:05
confusion especially people who are not
19:08
my former students so if the final sound
19:14
is voiceless like book we get books if
19:17
the final sound is voice like in bag we
19:19
get bags if the final sound is what we
19:22
get is now I use us more often I don't
19:27
usually use is it's not excuse me I
19:31
shouldn't use parentheses here I'll just
19:34
I'll just put it over here this is not
19:35
the one I usually use is I wanted to put
19:39
it in parentheses meaning that I don't
19:40
use it so much you learned in school in
19:43
your textbooks bushes right kiss his etc
19:47
Shema you make sure this is is that
19:50
right good thank you for your response
19:52
but I usually say is and I think it's
19:55
more common in American English we also
19:57
use this this is very common in British
19:59
English in sieep on doyoung is Mason
20:02
what's on Tulio's beach outdoor under
20:06
what circumstances do we add is we know
20:08
that if it's a final voiceless sound
20:10
it's soo if it's a final voice sounded
20:12
zoo under what circumstances do we use
20:14
OHS all right we have a name for that
20:18
group of sounds how many of them are
20:20
there if it ends in what if a word ends
20:25
in
20:29
first of all if it ends in or if it ends
20:34
in the voiced version of so which is the
20:35
or if it ends with Shh or if it ends
20:39
with zu the voice version of Shh or if
20:42
it ends with an affricate everybody
20:47
remembers that's in Africa or the voice
20:49
to Africa just okay if it ends with any
20:54
one of these sounds we have to put a
20:56
vowel before the final is vowels the
20:59
voiced try yes they go yes like a vowel
21:02
you're Savoy's sorry voice homie and
21:04
that's su di Biasi the reason we do it
21:08
is because it's a kind of dissimilation
21:10
it's a kind of dissimilation if we say
21:13
for example bus and we want two of them
21:17
we say but we can't hear the second it
21:22
just sounds like you have a
21:23
pronunciation problem right you you said
21:25
or something like that because this
21:28
sounds too much like this so we make it
21:31
a little different so we can hear it
21:34
make it different by putting in a vowel
21:35
sounds okay to chance to kind of live
21:38
homey and CEO Jai Ling Wagga you guys
21:41
Sybilla sibilant okay
21:43
and these sounds as a group are called
21:45
sibilance sibilance but someone's just
21:50
food in the in mind how silly this the
21:54
jacket coats at the end cuz it's a load
21:56
of I enjoyed in boo Yong see good suit
21:59
oldest jackets coats a PA que nos follow
22:03
the shiny she was what you okay Celine
22:06
because they sound like these are the
22:10
six sibilants if a word ends with one of
22:13
these the final s ending becomes an
22:17
extra syllable we add a schwa and the
22:20
final sound is good because choise
22:21
voiced so the sound after it needs to be
22:23
voiced as well so this is something you
22:27
should have learned on your own but it
22:29
seems like there was plenty of confusion
22:31
so I'm going over in class just so maybe
22:33
it will be easier to retain any
22:35
questions about this we will be tested
22:38
on this Kyle seeing a car so eating
22:39
yogurt changeful
22:40
but the important thing is you need this
22:42
to speak English correctly because if
22:44
you don't know the rule you will say
22:46
things like there are lots of Bush lots
22:48
of Bush and it sounds really funny we'll
22:50
just wait long and shout system dongseok
22:52
bushes hi Joseph Padre okay all clear
22:58
all right and then we mentioned palatal
23:00
velar alveolo-palatal it's kind of
23:02
confusing to learn both of them at the
23:04
same time remember that peak I told a
23:06
nigga's at you and Jana and they got
23:07
palette Oh palatal velar or palette o
23:11
alveolar palatal velar that is energy
23:14
and also Chuck and jump
23:17
those are affricates so we don't usually
23:19
have to worry about classifying them and
23:22
our palate o alveolar and someone
23:27
pointed out that the Chinese should be
23:30
Ian I said because it sounded better to
23:33
my ears but we do need to distinguish
23:35
the two in Chinese so palatal is or
23:38
palate o is look alveolar Xin sorry in
23:42
in in as the Chinese alveolo-palatal
23:45
remember a kite Hoda so jongwan titi she
23:49
and then we will use the in earth for
23:53
that word okay
23:55
palate or alveolar in alveolo-palatal TT
24:00
she in oh okay and Sophie made a really
24:06
good observation something that
24:07
Taiwanese wouldn't normally notice but
24:09
I'm glad you did
24:11
Honduran she is either the hostess
24:14
kike bar don't do that stop from today
24:17
gene Hank I slit nigga z-bo job bar okay
24:20
we ought to al you home they do this in
24:22
Germany I picked it up when I was in
24:24
Germany but if you do anything to an IPA
24:28
symbol it may change the value Co no way
24:30
Bay dongs like a diacritic jaga Allah
24:33
why the EE nicotine can enjoy Vienna so
24:35
tone says E which are you hung everyone
24:37
clear alright a trill is not a trial was
24:42
a sham pan and a trail is not a thrill
24:45
Ohio quite guy
24:46
don't push it TR I ll trill trill and I
24:50
check this again I had checked it many
24:52
times before but I
24:54
Chiang in because that's the dictionary
24:56
word but that's mainly a mainland
24:57
Chinese pronunciation that I've kept
24:59
site or one that I wanted to the anemia
25:02
Centennial to attend tanto de Santo de
25:05
but Chinese
25:07
yo in Tallinn Riga doofah your way
25:10
tada Honda Lucinda guitar Luda so you
25:12
were just easy guys
25:13
where is the she gwangjang in but in
25:16
theory I suppose dannion is ok anti wine
25:18
battle weepy and genuine Chinese okay
25:21
that's all the notes
25:22
thank you very much to Sophie for all of
25:25
your careful checking do we have any
25:27
questions before we continue anything
25:30
from your work ok please hand in your
25:32
notes from last week will pick up your
25:33
notes now ok you have an assignment to
25:38
practice how you opinion we plan to
25:41
finish the chapter today and I don't see
25:43
why we shouldn't it's there's not that
25:48
much left we just have to get to work I
25:53
will show you the page quickly it's the
25:55
first sentence of the parrot story
25:57
everybody pay attention this is an
25:59
assignment the first sentence of the
26:01
parrot story I would like you to write
26:04
it out in high opinion please be very
26:06
careful because there is a change down
26:10
of so way to Taiwan sloppy meat Shawanna
26:13
joke with high chewy people have put
26:14
highly we wait wait shamsher tutorial e
26:18
man Johnny Julie nah she don't she just
26:21
please be very very careful for how you
26:24
pinyin there are a couple things I want
26:26
you to watch out for the tone mark goes
26:31
over which vowel you need to pay
26:33
attention to this because in Chinese we
26:35
have a lot of diphthongs is that right
26:37
what are the diphthong Xin Mandarin
26:40
that's that's how you say diphthong I
26:43
said what are the difference in Mandarin
26:47
just go through with Jun flow and you'll
26:49
find them very quickly I a ow
26:54
oh all right those are the ones to
27:00
remember because they will help you
27:03
place the tone mark nigga yo fool yeah
27:07
moonshine ILO younger mundo full house
27:11
every day so where do you put the tone
27:13
mark for that group i al Jo Jeeta Joseph
27:18
on site de cup so for I it goes over the
27:22
a a it goes over the Eve
27:24
al goes over the a all goes over the you
27:27
over the oh sorry after you
27:29
so I our own duty than a sugar you
27:32
always put the tone mark in the same
27:34
place she'd had a shine you a yo freak
27:40
well let's that's not gonna penis like
27:42
Leo leo niggas niggas I'm eager amo in
27:46
Leo so how do you spell it and where do
27:48
you put the tone mark Leo how do you
27:52
spell it L I you Li you alright
27:59
in enjoying for how it's basically look
28:03
II owe today cuz Shahi your pain was
28:06
that L I owe you nigga oh boy Allah and
28:09
the second part of the question is where
28:11
does the tone mark up go over the eye
28:15
over the you over the you we call that
28:19
the main vowel this is to Yahoo and in
28:22
to llamo in when you start using Chinese
28:26
linguistics terminology they say UN
28:28
Indian food in you and in your and under
28:30
UN is a vowel food in as a consonant so
28:33
always put the tone mark over the main
28:36
vowel do we all you and in your found go
28:38
for and if it is not I eh oh
28:43
bucyk II don't see either ha now in
28:45
guises I yo P n de- digas at the Irka
28:50
chinese has something else and that is
28:52
sam'l in can you give an example of a
28:55
san Malina and Mandarin
29:00
Joanne yo B thanks for bow for Fay and
29:09
etc
29:11
where what kind of can you give me an
29:13
example of a saml in young sounds with
29:21
it
29:22
yah yah I come only to home in on boo
29:27
Sycamore in there we go
29:30
B ow somebody must remember that for my
29:32
class cuz that's my example I always
29:33
give an example
29:35
yow today be out on the prowl e family
29:41
Tony girl Indian in me and Sangha Mui
29:43
know certain wellness ammo in those are
29:47
easy even hot cheese younger contender
29:50
fanfic a young mighty ho means the old
29:53
every day now we need in society as old
30:00
alright
30:01
and then the other way to remember it
30:02
Sam who in Joseon dung don't make it
30:04
your to Allah
30:05
come out sama windows a downsell naked
30:06
your tailor okay so that's about tone
30:09
marks there are a couple other tricks
30:12
like we just noticed with Leo yo natete
30:15
zuka zama in nigga you just yeah down
30:18
from Yahoo haha doubtful nigga gzip and
30:21
century Segerstrom marine all right now
30:25
how do you say wait something how do you
30:27
spell wait some of the way wait some of
30:32
the way how do you spell it
30:34
w e I good
30:38
okay Dow fool i oh i a it goes here
30:45
right now how do you spell way they be
30:52
an ace Young at every day now how's that
30:53
Ben Yehuda in Buddha Anubis at either in
30:57
a Shahani tthe w-whose like a you see kW
31:00
how about Xiao Wei de GUI how do you
31:03
spell it
31:04
and don't say drew its g-d right okay
31:07
gee
31:10
that we were you you even have
31:14
Iike sumo
31:16
so he's you na hoona very good topple Zi
31:20
Tao Wei Chen 117 so wait
31:24
na hoona I summon you tell foo - aha
31:27
we don't then take a subway and you
31:33
also have to watch out for Y as well for
31:36
example be people that be sit down sir
31:40
cuz the ER sign the EADS I miss you why
31:43
I see the hot Google it's you to either
31:46
inertia how do you get some mojo so why
31:53
so this is a little confusing
31:55
how about who lie the wu w you just a
32:01
tone when your input to a turn the diva
32:03
any way would either would chairman mao
32:06
can show your w umeo w de
32:09
what whoa so Oh has a rule all right the
32:14
first one or the second one
32:15
Oh high school David Yaga Oh has the
32:21
rule a or b one or two you like all I
32:26
all I has a walleye diga diga hey man yo
32:33
piranha
32:33
where's my boo Yong what comes what who
32:37
has the would ensure all be jaha cuz
32:40
those were all I has a walleye usual
32:42
rule i beach our house isn't ollie
32:45
can anybody explain us can anybody
32:49
explain it please think about it I'll
32:52
talk to you doing break because you guys
32:54
are kind of not quite awake to the new
32:56
week yet so well if you please think
32:58
about it and tell me what you think what
33:00
Gunks what all has the or hound use what
33:02
boobies out how cuz well all i house has
33:05
a war liar how nice what would I be
33:06
doubt huh so please think about
33:09
that but one thing I can tell you is
33:11
that this W sound is very unstable it's
33:14
very unstable in Taiwan Mandarin I can't
33:17
speak for China because I haven't
33:19
listened to enough mainland Chinese
33:21
I think it's more stable in Beijing
33:23
Mandarin but for Taiwan Mandarin who has
33:26
wool to the Shama boo anything
33:28
now lean wanker who determines the e
33:31
ears son almost nobody says me
33:34
earth-centered a do you say yi yi Korean
33:37
Yama South Sudan wait changshan county
33:40
and I'll show y'all cause it also
33:42
removes what you Korean it's a girl a
33:44
champion system and in eat the chin high
33:50
we'll get in what is it glad I'll stop
33:53
right so just like in English before a
33:57
vowel in Chinese you usually get a
33:58
glottal stop you couldn't eat eat eat
34:02
who's the new girl in a Korean you could
34:06
run your the difference right Taiwan
34:10
doesn't eager in big outdoor okay so
34:13
sadly I'm gonna put a chance
34:16
wo feet away to see who light you my
34:18
daughter Chloe cousin you gonna need
34:20
you're quite quite why can W Jesus all
34:23
A's to the Incas since I don't wanna be
34:25
on shine humble yeah put a chain I'm
34:27
just telling you need me only we took a
34:29
town she cousin Sheila Soho Tommy young
34:31
high C oh nigga Yei she like a
34:33
double you all right another problem
34:35
with high opinion is do we use an umlaut
34:41
in high opinion use a medallion in which
34:45
oh and your ears are getting is that
34:47
right right so in way Giles just wait
34:51
watch and then we shouldn't me Ohio
34:53
students I saw me when I don't boo Yong
34:55
Guk or boy you do you how can I
35:00
wait down this year
35:06
how about in teen pinion channel Aunt
35:13
Emma never when when do we use the
35:21
umlaut in happy
35:26
louder please
35:29
yeah
35:33
in
35:39
very good the only time we need the UM
35:42
out in my opinion is beef is after n or
35:47
L because is this a word in Chinese what
35:52
is it no leader no right and how about
35:56
this Ludo find a loo right or could be a
36:01
lot of other things so if you want to
36:03
say girl then you have to write new
36:07
heights you ain't no good new and homey
36:11
and Cleo Cleo mm how about L we wrote on
36:15
the loo how about nudes right donkey we
36:20
need to show that it's or not you for
36:23
the other words why do we not need to
36:25
add the umlaut she'd had a whiz hope we
36:27
don't John the Nokia for example what is
36:35
this word
36:39
oops sorry main vowel what is this word
36:46
sure yeah right X homie and then nigga
36:49
you got Johnny I'm doing why not
36:59
because after she can we have an O sound
37:03
you try to say she jus
37:07
is that Chinese no it's impossible the
37:13
only two sounds where we can have either
37:15
you or are N and L she'd had it y'all
37:19
kind of oh hi your answer just assume
37:22
it's a shoe to shoe the shoe I'm gonna
37:29
take out your ex-wife Giada she ma TT
37:32
she home in Hudson and Qi Lang don't
37:35
mean what are they
37:37
GTG home insanity are normal in which
37:40
are they e and ooh teach easy homey and
37:45
soon Angela Lanka and there's a reason
37:47
for it so anyway their palatal palatal
37:50
oh ha ha ha me and Chitti is like a
37:52
palace of the moon in to CEO Lee
37:54
Shinyoung in the arches Co articulatory
37:56
phonetics are you and Linda did
37:58
everybody understand that you're not
37:59
writing this down this is important
38:00
stuff done I'm throwing you out you
38:03
ain't so one then that gets on the sheet
38:05
on you and in who pool drinkers your
38:07
home and couple they found a couple gets
38:10
on II try to save juror + E uh-huh drew
38:17
plus P does it work
38:19
karema no so if we have an e or e we
38:23
don't use your t-shirt we use TT she now
38:27
phonologists will discuss so non lianca
38:31
waco time you get to 800 the blue point
38:34
2010 because the non young Kuwaiti
38:36
intense who pood early on to that is
38:39
church-rosser Inca treasure in Qatar PTT
38:42
she has a sucessful in Qatar ATT she
38:45
Sonali on the coin cprt insurer
38:50
you can argue about it all you want
38:52
people have written papers and papers
38:54
and papers about this widget is it not
38:58
warn you I came home behind John Dewey
39:00
day you ain't teaching see homie and
39:03
it's a nun found you can you push your
39:05
shirt woman found Egan you sew it down
39:06
Kitab hey chill Isis Ukraine you chose
39:09
to eat today cuz it's the home yen
39:11
completely fine couple you found eat
39:13
what you still home and could be jab you
39:18
sure y'all know how she'll Sedona yeah
39:21
like that I was sure yeah uh-huh
39:24
so nigga yes Nelly on shuyak I found
39:28
Ryuichi not Saudi Inc as an archetype a
39:30
chichi she never mind
39:31
okay pre-owned Pyeongchang so here
39:32
together maokai data Lila some people
39:35
really love talking about that stuff but
39:36
I don't but the point is you have to
39:38
remember GGG ho Mia Yasha Aloha Jigga
39:41
you the hot hot Judas it you the Easter
39:44
Eve eating some nicotine alright that's
39:46
what I have to say about high opinion
39:48
you have an assignment in addition I
39:52
guess I forgot to mention it also read
39:55
romanization page three just low my
39:58
opinion D sign all right
40:02
next get your exercises oh no no not
40:05
that we're gonna read we're gonna finish
40:06
chapter one then we'll do the exercises
40:08
okay let's go whose turn I'm Claire the
40:15
town is fairly close to a roof of the
40:18
mouth for the bowring heat you can feel
40:21
that Lisa's so by breathing in word
40:24
while holding a target precision for
40:27
Elise Paulo okay just a minute
40:29
there's our tongue tell them tom yeah
40:33
everyone tongue tongue practice that one
40:38
because some of you are still saying
40:40
funny things for this word like tongue
40:42
or something
40:43
Tong Tong Tong the tongue open your
40:46
mouth wider Tong Tong Tong Suga and anal
40:50
show Howie its velar okay I'd like you
40:54
to try it again let's try to get really
40:56
precise
40:58
mmm-hmm the whole sentence yeah just an
41:06
Iranian Italian Oh the tongue the tongue
41:09
is fairly close to the roof of the mouth
41:12
tongue is fairly your are watch the are
41:15
and to the belt wah - that was a talk so
41:19
one more time
41:20
the tongue the tongue is fairly fair
41:23
fairly close to the roots of the mouth
41:29
for the vowel in heat he you can feel
41:34
that this is so by briefing so by
41:38
supposed to good you got yesterday so he
41:42
find it is to channel your gamma what do
41:48
you do before a preposition pause do you
41:53
mean you can try and cheat somewhat you
41:54
don't need me or teen don't date you are
41:56
so neat NGO Dewey you can feel that this
42:01
is so nuclear country about choose to
42:03
take a youngster that's what it means
42:05
you economy and the house and in your
42:06
team though so you can feel that this is
42:09
so you could graduate about Jesus with
42:11
agyantha
42:12
towars semana so try it again you can
42:16
feel you can feel that this is so by
42:19
breathing in word while holding a target
42:22
position Foley's foul okay
42:24
holding watch the elf holding the lots
42:28
of English speakers no longer pronounce
42:29
that L specially in Britain holding
42:31
English and say in the hunt song team
42:34
down Donna position they got asked how
42:36
these two boys types of voiceless
42:39
everybody please mark this cuz many of
42:42
you say position position we understand
42:44
it cuz the holy lung and shout get it
42:47
right we're here to get it right all
42:49
right so I'm here to be picky
42:51
you're here to be picky so we're going
42:52
to be picky position it's not position
42:55
this is
42:56
cuz you're gonna have to start learning
42:59
y'all Cassius puppy Louie now fake-nice
43:02
Jitsu the nigga a smooth young rose ROSC
43:06
cameo do eating onion Z because it
43:09
hydrolysis onions the Volvo bus ticket
43:11
zoo
43:11
aha New Jersey I'll pay me I'll be the
43:14
bad fire New Jersey I'll pay ya lioe
43:16
this is positioning okay okay
43:19
target position position for the vowel
43:23
slightly less clothes for the Bowery
43:26
heat in hid in hit for lease and most
43:31
malice this list yeah and most other
43:34
powers the nose that's easy
43:36
most most moe moe moe last yeah mode
43:40
most all of ours it is difficult to
43:44
localize the position position no the
43:48
first position Z position there perfect
43:57
good by breathing in word the articulate
44:00
errs are too far apart the are
44:03
articulate early the articulator is say
44:06
V Lee no that's an L
44:09
we don't want out 1z hmm that's it yeah
44:14
the articulate articulate errs are too
44:18
far too far are too far apart okay I'm
44:22
picking on your arse now many English
44:26
speakers do not have ours after their
44:28
vowels but we're not learning British
44:30
English or Australian English or South
44:32
African English we're learning American
44:33
English so I want you to get in the
44:35
habit of putting your R's in you can
44:37
take them out again in the future if you
44:39
want to change to British English but I
44:41
want you to learn one accent
44:42
consistently do pie eat zone England
44:45
shared that you we all saw it
44:48
didn't you sit down mate you didn't so
44:50
much okay
44:50
well me saying I don't tremble made
44:52
nobody in the class has insisted on
44:55
speaking British if you did I would
44:56
encourage you to keep speaking British
44:58
but right now as far as I can tell
45:00
everybody is using American so let's be
45:01
consistent after the vowel you see an R
45:04
pronounced an erv and it has to be
45:06
pretty strong to hear it so our go ahead
45:08
and the lower still for the vowels and
45:12
lower still
45:13
and though we're still for the vows for
45:15
for love hours in had and had
45:21
help good all right and the way that I
45:25
learned remember I told you in freshman
45:27
English fashion and then I found five
45:28
yeah so me I'm pure honey and I'll at
45:30
you shall be outdone
45:33
okay everybody had had head shower
45:39
seafood about don't you get it perfect
45:40
absolutely perfect
45:42
all right mmm I know the Bell has rung
45:44
but let's finish this paragraph so we
45:45
can get a start on the I'm finishing the
45:48
chapter first of all we started talking
45:51
last time just started talking about
45:53
front vowels what are the front vowels
45:55
among our list here we have seven
45:58
vocabulary items single syllable words
46:01
so which ones contain a front vowel he'd
46:05
hid head had that's the end there are
46:10
actually more friend files if you
46:12
include diphthongs but for now it's just
46:15
these four these are the friend files
46:17
because if you look at that figure at
46:20
the top of page 21 you see that why do
46:23
we call them front what is the tongue
46:25
doing part of the tongue is arched it's
46:31
domed Soho yoga D family or in Churchill
46:34
I hadn't kuchela
46:36
Papa Chak package I'd even be talking
46:39
champion initial move in jail to a chair
46:41
mo in gel so front vowels so e are the
46:45
front vowels shuttle cha-cha he found
46:49
home college in neither nigga nigga
46:53
champion sorry about a champion okay so
46:56
those are the front vowels now it says
47:00
that for e the tongue is quite close to
47:03
the roof up roof of the mouth shut on
47:05
cow Jean Sangha in etirsa hall and it
47:10
says how can we feel it again you can
47:14
suck in suck air in and you will feel
47:16
cool air along your tongue where it's
47:19
very close to to the hard palate okay so
47:24
everybody say e all right now don't move
47:27
your tongue and suck air in eat your
47:31
milk drilling that's subtle bangtong
47:33
down
47:33
your mom you could do it for it to also
47:38
feel the position that's closest to the
47:40
hard palate but it doesn't work so well
47:43
with it because so try with it he had
47:48
everyone is alright second if everything
47:54
gets cool then why is that in within and
48:00
the surface lead attire at yo PN destroy
48:03
don't want finally on swollen got
48:05
to a cow Enid even William so you ain't
48:07
leader cheerleading tire a lot so eat me
48:10
she Kong cheaters to her son this little
48:12
doll young younger so that's that method
48:13
only works really well if your tongue is
48:16
very close to something else so home
48:18
college ending raggedy varnish aho Niko
48:20
Lonza gashira Conchi like dar Adal
48:23
lianca check how gene the offenses I
48:26
Nadi everyone understand crema so for
48:29
all you can probably do it for you know
48:32
who young cow cuz it subtly lean ye got
48:36
surfaced I relish the ho Joe take a
48:38
final formation a young so the tongue is
48:40
fairly close to the roof of mouth the
48:42
mouth you can feel eat you can feel it
48:45
when you suck in air then your tongue
48:47
goes down a little bit to make s so
48:49
let's compare the two everybody say e
48:51
and then say say them go back and forth
48:56
between E and echo
49:01
what's your time doing for it any moving
49:07
downward right
49:08
Soto your didn't jump de da line in it
49:11
he is a high vowel it is a bit lower and
49:14
then if we go to yeah yeah so compare
49:19
eetu it and then add all three E and
49:26
what did your tongue do even lower and
49:29
then go to ass e yeah that's the lowest
49:35
vowel we have among the French vowels so
49:38
that's what he's saying
49:39
front vowels according to height e ya e
49:43
is the highest at is the lowest the
49:46
other two are in between okay the head
49:49
if you look in a mirror while saying the
49:53
vowels in these four words for four
49:57
words you were four words four words
50:00
words words words these these four words
50:11
start high you were a woman that got
50:14
June more up with a shout Alma these
50:16
four words try it
50:18
these four words good but are we
50:21
finished
50:22
no so after we go down words words words
50:30
there we go now we're it's home anteater
50:32
said city and it's not words weird weird
50:35
homey a magnitude unit said okay again
50:37
these four words words words words there
50:43
you go you will find that the mouth
50:46
because progress comes your M everybody
50:50
what mark that Eman becomes not because
50:52
becomes becomes progressively more open
50:58
wildly tongue Bava delicious well the
51:02
tongue tongue remains in the main
51:05
means remain everyone say that word
51:09
remains yeah don't say remains okay
51:14
remains okay
51:17
in the front of the mouth say remains
51:20
again remains that's good yeah
51:23
remains in the front of the mouth okay
51:25
we've already done that if you have a
51:27
mirror you some dough yo Yoshi enhancing
51:29
yeah yeah watch it out chink can't you
51:32
walk in the genius management at school
51:34
high okay so if you have a mirror if you
51:37
have a mirror just take it out hang all
51:39
your jeans yeah that's what I go ahead
51:41
ladies guys if you have one you can -
51:44
don't be embarrassed and ladies you can
51:47
share it with a guy if you're sitting
51:48
next to a guy okay get your mirror out a
51:53
mirror is a handy thing to have for
51:55
phonetics so guys if you were shy about
51:57
bringing a mirror say it's for my
51:58
phonetics class so don't make fun of me
52:00
yeah so guys you have an excuse now to
52:02
bring a mirror so say e it f slowly
52:07
watch your mouth slowly opening wider
52:10
watch it in your mirror go e yeah yeah
52:16
can you see it go backwards
52:21
you see your mouth opening and closing
52:24
all right mirrors are useful so it's
52:27
good to have one with you for this class
52:29
if you really want one I have lots of
52:31
old ones from from old makeup and things
52:33
so if you wanted me here and just ask me
52:35
I'll bring one to class okay go ahead
52:38
the bow whoa in heat is classified as a
52:42
high front vowel good this is okay but
52:44
getting the habit of saying as as in
52:47
Taiwan they always teach us but in fact
52:50
we often need the full vowel as everyone
52:52
classified as a
52:56
yeah don't always say is I talked to
52:59
another American friend teaching English
53:01
and she got really irritated by it
53:02
because everybody says all right
53:04
classified as the classified as a high
53:09
front vowels all right that's something
53:11
you have to memorize E is a high front
53:16
vowel memorize that E you don't really
53:19
have to sleep baby cuz all you have to
53:20
do is remember this progression in your
53:22
mouth test it out yourself feel it look
53:24
in the mirror all right - foul go ahead
53:27
and devour in had had had as a low front
53:33
vowel all right
53:34
low friend foul so now we know that at
53:36
is a low friend foul either the two
53:41
extremes he is a high friend foul low as
53:43
a at is a low friend foul consciously
53:46
eating wake up so make sure you know
53:48
these and then the height of the the the
53:52
the height of the tongue for the vowels
53:55
in the other words is between these two
53:59
extremes extremes extremes and they are
54:03
there for code mall called beachfront
54:07
vowel mid meat not in eat mid meat no
54:11
was it easy right
54:14
now homie opposite E is a deep mid me
54:17
Maynard
54:18
there we go mid donate made made front
54:22
vowel setter the vowel in hit in in in
54:26
yeah the vowel in hit good well that was
54:30
really good is a meat meat meat mid mid
54:34
mid yeah made hide vowel Ned hi vowel
54:38
meat high foul and devouring hat in and
54:44
and in hat in in in and yes and the
54:51
vowel in C habit Union is sounds like
54:54
G's Aleve me and don't wait for you and
54:56
talk that's just have it so in vowel and
54:59
vowel in egg Missy that's how powerful
55:03
habit is power a habit is so so powerful
55:06
you have to really stop and think for a
55:08
while it'll be
55:10
days or months but you have to do it for
55:11
a while and then it will be automatic so
55:13
the vowel in hid the vowel in you guys
55:18
not really in no in in yeah the vowel in
55:24
in in in in in yeah that's good
55:34
the vowel in NZ it's so hard to change
55:38
yeah so if in some lunch and sit on fine
55:40
she's a piling like that don't even sit
55:42
on ha the vowel in hid the vowel in head
55:46
head head not had hid hero machine has a
55:50
head ma machine that has a hit with
55:53
Summa oh hey I don't have my okay how
55:55
the bowel and had good okay Asaph meet
56:00
the vowel is a is a meet meet mid mid
56:04
mint yeah mid low vow all right okay I
56:09
know you're reading and you were busy
56:10
but try to remember what we went over
56:12
and put it in your notes because these
56:14
are very common words they're tiny words
56:16
and you think they don't really matter
56:17
but they do the tiny words also need to
56:20
be pronounced correctly we don't say ly
56:22
or LA we say the we don't say for we say
56:26
for we don't say in we say in yeah we
56:31
don't say in how was it e how many
56:33
bushes show going in so in yeah okay and
56:37
head don't say had remember don't move
56:40
your jaw head okay so let's just sort
56:44
this out and then you'll take a quick
56:46
break now we already know that E is a
56:49
high front vowel at is a we've got two
56:55
in the middle so how do we classify them
56:57
it is a mid high front vowel mid high
57:05
bank outer ring Mike is a band either so
57:09
here it is a mid
57:14
hi front vowel once more it is a-ok
57:20
you're getting you're starting to wake
57:22
up that's good one more time louder so I
57:24
know you're awake it is a very good ad
57:29
you want your break don't you and then
57:31
it is a mid low front okay you won your
57:38
break take a break during the break we
57:41
had two questions one was from Julia
57:44
went from Stanley the difference between
57:47
these two does everybody know the
57:49
difference clearly because I know from
57:51
my students pronunciation a lot of you
57:53
have trouble distinguishing these two
57:55
what is the difference between these two
57:58
we now have terms to classify them so
58:00
this one is called manner of
58:03
articulation is what is the manner of
58:07
articulation of this symbol not place
58:12
manner place and manner you guys need
58:15
that for the test place of articulation
58:18
is for example bilabial alveolar velar
58:22
etc that's place of articulation if I
58:24
say manner of articulation it's going to
58:26
be either what stop fricative
58:33
approximate an Africa day Africa's sigue
58:37
fool hood up sure you go stop jazz song
58:40
fricative so sometimes we don't even
58:41
bother mentioning Africa but it's a
58:43
useful term so what is the manner of
58:47
articulation of this zone this is a
58:49
fricative and then how about this one
58:51
what's the manner of articulation
58:53
it's an affricate now knowing the theory
58:58
should help you be able to figure out
59:00
the actual pronunciation with a
59:02
fricative a fricative can be classified
59:04
as a remember well me yoga are you Andy
59:08
gotta be the opposite of stop is
59:14
continuant right continuance include
59:17
what
59:20
bowels are vowels or continuance what
59:23
else
59:28
continuing ain't you in Palermo in you
59:31
ain't in put this in your notes this
59:34
will also be in some test stops its own
59:38
nation can have booyah neo2 in Guangxi
59:41
that's a continuance
59:43
you ain't she in so it's humble peon is
59:46
it shooter okay I'm giving you another
59:49
reading assignment write it down the
59:52
question was the difference between
59:54
these two this is a again place of
59:56
articulation
59:58
fricative this and don't say forget to
60:00
bits fricative fricative and this is an
60:04
Africa all right what's the difference
60:06
an Africa is sucks ha you got serene
60:09
jackets high in now in practical terms
60:11
this is a continuant is this a
60:13
continuent
60:14
no Joe is not a continuing part of it is
60:18
a continuent but when you put the two
60:20
together how the strings of Colombia
60:22
jinsoyun
60:24
perishing to sabotage a jinsoyun
60:27
so for sure because it's a continuing we
60:31
can pronounce it and just keep on going
60:34
till we run out of breath and nothing
60:35
really changes how each of them in each
60:38
of the you shine so
60:41
and it's very easy if you have trouble
60:44
with it you keep saying jump by accident
60:46
or if I have it the easy way to do it is
60:48
just say everybody can say should no one
60:51
has trouble with that so say now add
60:55
voicing there it is theirs so just take
61:00
a and add voicing and that's as you
61:03
there's no dust sound at all it's not
61:06
just so we say usually we don't say you
61:10
Julie
61:11
some people say you Julia team correct
61:13
it's you usually usually it's a
61:18
continuance Khmer oceans abou yonder
61:21
Intel's ihe tram boat oh no that was a
61:24
champion lean why goes the champions are
61:28
so you know me and Jake tie in so we
61:30
have a compound to like a stop but it
61:33
happens fast so sometimes it's hard to
61:35
catch
61:35
but it's duck Josh earnest it's an
61:38
anchor in France I ochita you can use a
61:40
wave form and try it yourself you will
61:42
see a door followed by a joke though
61:44
it's very fast so it's joke and it's
61:46
just like Joseph some other joke don't
61:48
wanna touch it some of the job Joe
61:51
everybody say Justin some of the joke go
61:53
Joe that's just okay even when they took
61:56
Justin agyantha
61:57
especially in Taiwan Mandarin you ain't
62:00
even push a girl from our everyday meals
62:02
ammonia so any good I wonder Josh I'm
62:04
gonna jump in Jong even when the Joe so
62:09
so tight in you're good Doug I could
62:11
stop now hope homie and taiyo fricative
62:14
now hold hot be your own ego and yell
62:16
job like judge judge it's done by josh
62:20
and stop the ginger sarang haeyo
62:22
fricative the poor friend naina you're
62:26
sure
62:26
for example genre a genre or beige me
62:31
wants a phase
62:34
you could do it as long as you have
62:36
breath okay Julie the dancer the
62:39
question kolima the other question
62:43
Stanley brought up a really good point
62:45
and I didn't mention one of the
62:47
possibilities that I think that was Stan
62:48
Lee's point I didn't think of it when
62:50
you were asking so see if this makes
62:51
sense to you II and woo in Mandarin I
62:56
said Putin in way Newman yo ears and AE
63:00
Yoli I'm Duncan and a fine either should
63:03
work actually co-host Lee in a Korean I
63:06
could justify Emma eager yet come on
63:10
is it okay eager yeah you can also buy
63:13
Xhosa entry job not happens in camping
63:16
so in the e.u Karen who's eager can
63:19
eager yet you think they're the same in
63:21
which is your mail host you know yeah
63:23
take it out doing some move John went
63:26
chocolate Ling Chun mo it's a zero
63:28
initial they also saw shame in your
63:31
got here yeah boo chica Jose in
63:33
touches the moving twin hand to enjoy
63:35
that you can move in
63:37
Josie can now sign shoe sherry me and
63:39
you on the empty set the nigga nigga for
63:42
how we ensure Nemean Sonya shamanic it
63:45
out link
63:46
sangmoo joseline healing laid an egg
63:50
Arlene some Sunny Anderson
63:52
Martina more link some more sorry II
63:57
hey cuz yeah you could run quite quite a
64:00
cigarette I wanna dig Bo Tong Sigma
64:02
packaging house seeing has a saw with
64:05
high yo but nice epic her either because
64:09
what ashing how is it so that I won't
64:10
put her buttock weights on my job pooja
64:13
boo Yong ha na wish I'm Stan Lee Akuma
64:16
Jonna he's adding some new cool I who
64:19
Mayo W new Josie Khmer are hosting in
64:22
your mail W Italy Shamu that's what
64:24
you're trying to say right okay I will
64:26
accept that and I think that's probably
64:27
the best way to do it that's the way
64:28
Chinese linguist analyze it will be
64:31
Yahweh found W garbajosa even when she
64:34
hire one one nigga Jessica W because you
64:38
might olga w find a way to see yonder so
64:42
anyhow jordan only job piensa giggling
64:45
some water cool
64:47
right okay Oh like ARIMA some people say
64:52
Oh lie not being single Jose yeah
64:55
now how w-who lie is that okay - I want
64:59
all of you to try these two lioka just
65:02
good Megan she's your kind and I want
65:05
you to tell me which ones you like best
65:07
don't write no go ahead moments on
65:11
whoo hyah holla you might take a bj yo
65:12
Jenny
65:13
okay don't eat was it tangy
65:16
mmm what's a wench and some of them
65:19
ironing so more Oh
65:21
see your Jose yen was your W let's give
65:26
them letters this is a this is B this is
65:31
C for W or for wool try all of them do
65:39
you understand the difference can you
65:40
produce each one - Sanka darned oh you
65:52
exaggerated which ones do you like the
65:56
best
65:57
which one a a B or C for W you like a
66:02
link show more okay that's a good
66:03
analysis how about Oh hola acceptable
66:08
quinoa mutant coma
66:12
I hear it all the time you know what
66:13
else was I all I fourteen so I will
66:16
attend our Dina Oh like yo cheese
66:17
shop on yo nigga open in your holster
66:20
yeah
66:20
hi your service how do you say that
66:23
service in Chinese not song Jenna ins to
66:28
take her take her has to take her who I
66:33
said fool Oh has a fool
66:35
Darlene Anka a B or C a lot of you who
66:42
say B I know my daughter says be okay
66:44
she grew up in she was born in Taiwan
66:45
she will say foo foo Curtin I bet a lot
66:49
of you say foo oh is that right
66:51
yes or no okay how about who some of the
66:56
Mayo Joe Samoan
66:58
oh do you like it or not not sure okay
67:10
excuse me
67:11
okay whew some of them may up just the
67:14
moon pins and sauces in town
67:17
Oh singing your son Gaia will be a now
67:20
how do you send us a fool
67:22
w-whoa whoa
67:25
okay listen at 3:00 again write these
67:27
down in some way that you can remember
67:29
it because I want you this is your
67:30
secret go and cook so lyokha we only
67:33
catch dude grunts ha
67:34
ito ang need to cheat sama these trends
67:37
Asami on the in I own ito ang meeting
67:41
other than Thomas it's on my shoulder
67:42
because you think everybody does it this
67:45
way but then you find out people are
67:46
doing it differently than you expect
67:47
you're just an engineer Dan Watson
67:50
Amanda and you've also noted other
67:53
changes I'm sure like oh why men howl
67:56
ooh service it
67:57
I mean how look even butcher the
67:59
cheatgrass I need to Eugene pokai Ranma
68:01
okay how will I do I don't yet how look
68:04
I went out too low so low right eating
68:08
Haislip en la what kind of career is
68:10
that I want Connor Joe Fabian's on blue
68:12
Encarna using Chi sulla
68:14
but now Tulio go wait on acacia grant I
68:17
don't know Christian shall I everybody
68:18
write it down and I want you to listen
68:20
to what you do yourself because
68:22
sometimes what you think you're doing
68:23
what you really do are different like
68:26
with me what I say I do now how are your
68:28
team now so well how's your dentures and
68:29
John with boots on my jam right because
68:32
mean putting go down now - oh honey
68:34
don't my mouth 20 pins on yonder tinkle
68:37
finish any kind of moisture I persisted
68:38
getting more pains on with imagine a lot
68:40
of Americans will say they never use
68:42
contractions like I don't use
68:44
contractions they say I don't use
68:46
contractions I'm Tina Delma today do not
68:51
touch well-well Boyan don't and they
68:54
don't sir I don't use contractions so
68:57
when you're thinking you often don't
68:59
really know what you do when you're not
69:01
thinking so whoo whoo - Sanka she said I
69:09
we only Gwen Charlie team
69:10
sasame in theory I think Stanley's
69:14
answer is probably the best Ling Shan
69:15
what kind of cetera
69:16
cuz what yelling wildly about Yahoo I
69:18
think da yeah w Kazama 3 you can see
69:26
certain aha gee what's in it I can only
69:28
exaggerate them okay the first one is oh
69:32
well Mayo Chou mu Han Jung gonna get
69:36
your ends when I'm and young leader
69:37
eager eager approximant so oh oh don't
69:43
know that way so you can win me over
69:44
John doing yoga for Omiya Wendy na woo
69:49
super straight for in Vienna beo Jin woo
69:53
okay got it
69:55
all clear so Lee oh gosh and so we're
69:59
gonna make you shout like Isaac Wan Chai
70:00
I will ask you in a future class so this
70:04
is really an interesting questions
70:05
linguists have not figured it out yet
70:07
wait Jing Jing Wu Han door you and Jo
70:09
show me and shady and Jo Nguyen sure
70:11
they're in common tom is like one with
70:13
the ijen way wouldn't happen to eat
70:15
Jenny wait maybe an affinity with her
70:16
yeah so I want you to look into this
70:20
I'll write it down so I don't forget
70:21
okay those were the questions that came
70:24
up during break anything else before we
70:26
move on we really need to continue next
70:28
reader please my name is Amanda now try
70:35
saying the Volvo in father try saying
70:38
the wet ball whoa whoa yeah I think you
70:41
missed something one more time
70:42
vamos mmm that's a Z not an S because L
70:46
is voiced right
70:47
Elsie oh sure so everybody pull Shu a
70:50
vowel is vowel is e go ahead in father
70:58
good food mm-hmm figure figure not see
71:01
the figure here figure one point to tell
71:05
also shows the the articulatory targets
71:11
for these four words for neither our
71:14
yells before articulatory targets for
71:18
these vowels okay look at the back
71:21
vowels on page 21 at the top
71:24
five six and seven these are the targets
71:30
it's also a woman then they got moved
71:32
yeah but we don't always exactly reach
71:34
them go ahead in oh three in position in
71:39
in in in oh three mm-hmm the tongue in
71:42
all three in oh three the tongue is
71:45
close to that smart shut up tongue the
71:49
tongue is close to the back surface of
71:52
the vocal tract okay I'm being really
71:55
picky but I think it should help you
71:57
improve clothes anyway s so whoosh I'm
72:00
sweet boy yeah we are close huh boots
72:04
huh grameen the nigga closed moon tongue
72:07
even homies avoid her she owns the
72:10
clothes wooshin moon puta everybody
72:14
close close close close all right and
72:21
then surface absolution our union
72:24
surface okay the tongue is close to the
72:29
back surface of the vocal tract these
72:33
vowels are classified as BEC Bowers back
72:38
vowels back Bowers we don't need to
72:41
stress vowels because eating Django
72:43
vowel how old information and now how
72:45
your ìbig when she confronts your three
72:47
big when she and classified classified
72:50
classified okay how so these vowels are
72:54
back vowels which three vowels are they
72:55
ah what else well and ooh ah ooh
73:01
actually there's some we haven't
73:02
mentioned but we're just going to talk
73:04
about these three for now the body of
73:07
the tongue is highest in the vowel in
73:10
food which is in the food is your shank
73:14
infinite which is therefore code a high
73:18
back vowel okay everybody write down the
73:20
word called in your notes just write
73:22
down the word C al-led write it down
73:28
all right and then follow my
73:30
instructions everybody look at me do
73:32
this just just open your mouth and say
73:34
ah
73:35
all right now say call called calling
73:41
calls call called don't see cold
73:47
don't say cold it's called called called
73:50
called okay how we just therefore called
73:54
the high-back Bauer's all right so all
73:57
everybody say they all feel what your
73:59
tongue is doing oh hi back foul and then
74:03
and lowest in the first power and father
74:08
which is father father young Peter
74:11
tongue Anton father which is therefore
74:15
called called called no okay called
74:19
called that's good called yeah a low
74:22
back power
74:23
okay so oh is a go eat ooh is a high
74:32
back vowel again Oh is a ah is a
74:40
okay the voer and good is say vowel
74:45
again
74:46
watch the El Valle vowel the vowel in
74:52
good is a meat high back vowel all right
74:57
mid high back vowel it's just like what
75:02
it is what it is a what mid high front
75:09
vowel it is a mid high friend foul or is
75:13
a mid high back vowel let's review those
75:19
again all right I'm gonna tell you the
75:21
vowel I make the sound and then you tell
75:23
me what it is the position in the vocal
75:25
tract all right E
75:30
good wha-wha mid-high back file we just
75:39
learned that so that's the least
75:40
familiar
75:41
yeah low front vowel okay yeah
75:51
ah low back vowel yeah
76:01
not need mid mid yeah mid low front ooh
76:09
ah
76:19
low front vowel okay make it nice and
76:25
clear and loud low front vowel oh that
76:29
was great all right
76:30
whoa yeah mid low French foul
76:43
midlow friend foul good yeah ah ah all
77:03
right one other thing I want to mention
77:05
is you learn about long and short vowels
77:08
and we've also learned that the way to
77:10
really distinguish between long and
77:12
short vowels is it by their actual
77:14
lengths so way that Tommo into a mean we
77:19
learned in a previous class how to
77:21
distinguish between a short and a long
77:24
vowel right is it by their actual length
77:27
no not in American English so what do we
77:30
what do we use to distinguish between
77:32
short and long vowels if it can occur in
77:38
an open syllable then it is not short
77:42
right short vowels cannot occur in an
77:45
open syllable that was our definition
77:47
that's a phonological definition it's
77:50
not phonetic women's young Indian
77:52
Shoshone and shreya light saga finchy
77:54
like pandora Nagisa Tommy Nagisa drama
77:57
we take a 3y you wish you move into
78:00
tension the beach outline your the
78:03
tension the beach out time can take a
78:05
phonological the tongue to animal in
78:08
male crunchy the shortest vowels in
78:11
American English so you can in Shibuya
78:13
go write this down this will be useful
78:15
there are short for very short vowels in
78:18
American English can you tell me what
78:21
they are the shortest one is up schwa
78:25
that's short in both varieties up
78:27
because it's not stressed and it's
78:30
because it's not stressed it's short
78:32
oh but how about the full vowels which
78:35
three are really short in American
78:37
English yeah yeah uh if short e if F
78:47
palsun and a foul me as I mention in uni
78:52
Mientus Stanga phase Antoine now naysha
78:55
Toby Otunga
78:57
country tournament so when you read
79:01
father even if or if you read ah even if
79:04
the next sound is not voiced for example
79:09
I'm trying to think of one spot spot SPO
79:14
tea tea solution spot nigga ah hi sir
79:18
time you asked ensign hunt on the moon
79:21
in Gooden woman jhana nigga
79:24
phonological Tong Bao Guang XI you wish
79:26
you just attend zombie Chow time Tenzin
79:28
beat out one good in boo young ah
79:30
it's very long ad is also is also long
79:34
Isis a time but yeah yeah in time cuz it
79:38
up and wine
79:39
write that down you're going to need
79:41
that now honey chosen in three
79:42
dimensions I in Doha you fish y'all do
79:44
eat they share ten son beat out zombies
79:47
out doing the more you know when t
79:48
alright so let's just review very
79:51
quickly I know we're using all the time
79:53
we're not going to finish but I think
79:55
it's better to be clear than to be fast
79:56
so mmm tell me again if it's a what what
80:01
part of the vocal tract it is in what
80:03
kind of a vowel it is well
80:08
mid-high back foul yeah mid low friend
80:14
foul again ooh
80:20
ah uh-huh
80:25
ah
80:28
yeah II
80:34
okay I think you've got it now but don't
80:37
say hi friend vile it's hi front vowel
80:40
stop hi front vowel everyone beautiful
80:44
okay continue do Tom Manta the the the
80:50
Tom may be near enough to the roof of a
80:53
mouse for you to be able to feel feel
80:57
the rush of the cold air
80:59
Nilsa but not o'the other everybody
81:03
right that one next to that other word I
81:06
kept I reminded you to write down which
81:08
was what right called and of the
81:12
language the called of Winnie an oath of
81:16
of okay the rush of cold air cold air
81:21
cold air when you breath breast means
81:25
the stuff breathe in word why holding
81:29
the position for the vowel in food okay
81:32
very nice I know I picked on you a lot
81:34
but it was to help you you did very well
81:36
who she's like adults everybody breathe
81:39
neither who she's a gun insisted breath
81:42
breath a breath of fresh air
81:48
breathe easy easy sushi answer cuz it
81:53
breathe eases and I could find song that
81:55
you see reads the don't said breath
81:57
means to go ahead next I'm Carol Knepp
82:03
Chester is very considerable in
82:05
different vowels they are generally
82:08
close together in the they are generally
82:11
way closer mm-hmm
82:13
together together together at Jinyan Oh
82:17
- huh band song I don't like a th nians
82:20
with Dean together the non-cheater Yahoo
82:23
said how everyone together
82:25
ah this these yeah - said ho and this is
82:33
voice - go ahead together together
82:35
together - I said - together cuz I try
82:41
it together together together together
82:46
you think - I don't want to I like
82:50
together together there we go together
82:53
in the mid high and high back vowels as
82:57
in good food for in some forms of
83:00
American English this is not so look at
83:04
the position of your lips in a mirror in
83:07
in in the mirror right a lot of you say
83:11
inga for this phrase yah it should be it
83:15
now homie on that end if I find out
83:18
other championship in son was it in our
83:21
band if na and that way you won't make a
83:24
mistake dear Gazette Nina big enough
83:26
Nina Nina
83:27
so everyone try in in these things you
83:33
should write down and then in the future
83:34
a lot of you are going to be English
83:36
teachers you can fix your students
83:38
pronunciations very easily without
83:39
teaching them phonetics just tell them
83:42
to go from in uh instead of saying in
83:45
say if not in that and the problem is
83:48
fixed okay how in in right in the mirror
83:56
mirror everyone watched this word mirror
84:00
who's the new roars and nearer good in
84:04
the mirror
84:05
well while you say just the vowels in
84:08
hit and heat head had had father good
84:13
food you will probably find that in last
84:17
two words there is a movement of mother
84:19
oh yeah
84:24
find that in in the last two words there
84:28
is a movement of the depths in addition
84:32
jin-young that can guarantee in se-young
84:35
in addition in the dishes right good in
84:39
addition to the movement that occurs
84:42
that occurs that occurs okay it's like a
84:45
young tap
84:46
you ain't quads t now being Samoan mum
84:49
Kenyan tap that occurs that occur yes
84:51
yeah that occurs because of the lowering
84:55
and rising of and a raising of the jaw
85:00
this movement is called level round and
85:03
II clear yes I make the V clear this
85:06
movement this movement that's fine
85:10
let's not this this this yeah this
85:14
movement is called leap grounding
85:17
lip-lip okay leap tell you it trace
85:21
when's the lip everyone lip rounding
85:24
runs when in Chinese just your insulin
85:26
okay it is usually most noticeable in
85:30
the English movement of the poor in the
85:34
inward
85:35
yeah inward movement of the corners of
85:39
the lips vows may be described as being
85:42
rounded as in hood hood yeah or
85:48
unrounded as in he okay I will continue
85:52
to summarize after this but let's
85:54
understand this paragraph so although
85:56
we've just marked the place in the vocal
85:59
tract of the different vowels the
86:01
approximate place because as we've
86:03
mentioned before it's really hard to map
86:05
vowels to describe bowels is really
86:07
difficult so these are just approximate
86:10
and their approximate
86:12
sorry these are just approximate and
86:13
they're based on averages they
86:16
calculated these acoustically they
86:18
didn't do it by looking where people put
86:20
their tongues they did it acoustically
86:22
and we'll learn how in another class
86:25
probably second semester so these are
86:28
the approximate position approximate I
86:30
did it again
86:31
approximate positions of the vowels but
86:33
in addition to where you're putting your
86:36
tongue your lips are also doing
86:37
something so watch very carefully as I
86:40
make the sounds everybody watch my lips
86:42
e yeah yeah ah so my lips are going from
86:49
very spread to more relaxed right as I
86:53
open my job and then there's just F then
86:56
I've just got a wide opening and ah
86:59
still nothing really special but when we
87:02
get to well everybody look oh oh oh what
87:08
are my lips doing right and rounded
87:12
vowels are typical for back vowels in
87:14
general tells a homo in 3d engine is a
87:18
chunky and assyrians when the homo in
87:21
and it's true in Chinese as well you
87:24
also have ooh and isn't one well and you
87:28
have all oh and you have home like all
87:35
so you also have rounded back vowels in
87:38
Chinese and that's normal for all the
87:40
languages of the world
87:41
it is possible to have an unrooted back
87:43
vowel but these are more marked yo Bao
87:46
Zhi Marxist walk away pooja - - BJ
87:49
Autopia can need so you expect a boo
87:53
Yong so mean and the nigga be John Mark
88:00
pataiiputra magenta dr. ba ma RK e d yo
88:04
couch is a seeker shoe you write it down
88:07
yo Piazza Connie Pinta without a sham
88:10
powder no way category Johnson
88:13
boo yonder some art superior taupe-y
88:16
abydos agenda so it will nigga in BJ's
88:20
out there
88:23
- the Negi is a saw way be jabu's animus
88:27
armchair my homie animal in Papa fences
88:31
ama reach out to all what's more common
88:37
for back vowels in any language lip
88:40
rounding really twin okay if you weren't
88:43
following what we're saying I can catch
88:44
up homo in 3d and Sheena tree-trunk
88:47
innocent your inch one usually very
88:50
often anyway we have lip rounding with
88:53
back vowels chimú in couple cut your lip
88:56
rounding give me an example
89:02
very good your your perfect example and
89:04
it is fairly common but it still is
89:07
marked it boosts as well fade-out
89:09
hangender in sour dough one Radian
89:13
handle you and all your personal path
89:16
should be John Mark Hamill in three
89:18
change dancing the lip just uses sama
89:22
just spread lips male rounding chamo
89:26
in panache was male rounding the beach
89:29
outdoor you're rounding some marked home
89:33
wins the car house on fine arts yet take
89:36
a look a woody sham giggety sh-- we
89:38
semester take a youngster so face
89:40
included you get your super we don't
89:41
have time my cracker now how does the
89:44
chatter a cheated on she socio car and
89:45
how do you hang in Wilma home we double
89:48
friends way around a but it's a fact
89:51
okay so we finished that let's just
89:54
summarize this is all we can do we can't
89:55
have the test next time we haven't
89:56
covered it I want to cover this before
89:58
we take the test so Nick Akashi out
90:00
jung-ho it's now in summary the targets
90:04
for vowel gestures can be described in
90:05
terms of three factors number one is the
90:08
what of the tongue height of the body
90:11
j-just asoto Dakota city ego a me-yow
90:14
me-yow sumo in D Iike sir soto de kado
90:21
the organizer sama Sotoudeh sama front
90:26
and back position shuttle the chan-ho
90:28
and three is the degree of lip rounding
90:33
okay we have to stop
90:35
we're going to finish it next time we
90:37
took extra time today
90:38
I think it was absolutely useful I can't
90:41
say 100% necessary but I think it was
90:43
all useful please take detailed notes
90:45
there's only 1000 jong-kul you will
90:47
miss something you make because it
90:49
isn't need to awaken and Jean yada you
90:51
didn't change sheet that should take
90:53
care of it we will see you next Monday
90:57
okay