Transcript


00:17
all right plan for today we are going to
00:21
finish chapter one finally and we're
00:24
going to go over the exercises that were
00:26
assigned for chapter one and we're also
00:29
going to go over your high opinion
00:31
exercises so have those ready you will
00:34
also hand those in so exercises for
00:38
chapter one high opinion and we will
00:42
have a test on Wednesday day after
00:45
tomorrow test on chapter one now it
00:49
doesn't look like you're freaking out
00:50
that's good because we really did take a
00:51
long time on this chapter i believe it
00:53
was warranted i think it was worthwhile
00:55
personally but it did take a long time
00:57
so you should have had considerable time
00:59
for preparation so test on chapter one
01:02
day after tomorrow wednesday i believe
01:06
there will be some kind of dictation
01:08
possibly compound noun stress circling
01:11
and also maybe something with high
01:15
opinion so make sure that you know how
01:18
you opinion but I won't be too strict
01:20
the first time because we've just
01:22
started it on the other hand it's not
01:24
that difficult I hope we can iron out
01:26
most of the problems today if there are
01:27
any so we're going to continue reading
01:30
in the textbook let's get ready next
01:33
tweeter remember to say your name loud
01:36
and clear and read loud and clear as
01:38
well so we can all hear you because when
01:42
I correct one individuals pronunciation
01:45
the lesson is for everybody but if you
01:46
didn't hear what she said the first time
01:48
you don't know what's being corrected so
01:50
reader please read clearly everybody
01:54
ready page 20 go go ahead my name is joy
01:59
okay nice and loud in summary the
02:03
targets for vowel gestures our gestures
02:06
and we describe in terms of three
02:08
factors the height of the body of the
02:11
tongue alright so whenever you see in
02:14
summary you're really good test takers
02:17
as good time when he's I know who made
02:18
it to tie dye your good test takers so
02:20
when you see in summary what goes on in
02:23
your head
02:25
what was that it's important for a test
02:30
right remember you're so good at tests
02:32
you're going to be good at other things
02:33
too I hope before the class is over at
02:35
least in terms of English pronunciation
02:38
and phonetics so when you see in summary
02:41
he's going to tell you some important
02:42
things and sometimes you don't
02:45
understand everything in the summary if
02:48
that happens what should you do because
02:52
summaries are usually very succinct
02:55
succinct and Ji Heon third a succinct
02:59
succ I NCT succinct they're very
03:02
succinctly it so sometimes since they
03:06
don't give you a lot of background and
03:08
preparation and explanations if you
03:10
don't understand something in a summary
03:11
what do you do anybody any if you don't
03:17
understand something in a summary what
03:19
do you do go back in the chapter and
03:24
find out what they were talking about
03:26
maybe it was something that you weren't
03:28
paying close attention to at the time
03:30
that's totally normal it's normal in
03:32
reading a book you read something
03:34
suddenly there's for example if it's a
03:36
novel is a character and you forgot
03:37
whose brother this person is or who's
03:40
husband or whatever you go back and then
03:43
you read and you find out when this
03:45
person first appeared and then sort
03:46
things out well that's totally normal
03:48
because our brain usually learns how to
03:51
focus it just pays attention to what's
03:53
important right now and then we start
03:55
for getting background in details so go
03:57
back and make your understand and
04:01
complete as much as you can especially
04:03
when you see something in a summary that
04:04
says this these are the main points but
04:08
I don't get one of them alright so
04:10
number one is the height of the body of
04:12
the tongue for his pronunciation how do
04:13
we say Bo dy is it buddy is it buddy
04:19
buddy is a friend of whoppin he's my
04:23
buddy he's my skating buddy for example
04:25
this is a very long ah I is the longest
04:28
vowel in American English ah ah the
04:33
schwa is the shortest if are also very
04:36
short but I
04:38
I is the longest has a tension this ham
04:40
homie and male voicing the highs in town
04:43
so watch out for as pretty long too but
04:47
I is the longest and that is the vowel
04:49
of body it's an eye so its body every
04:53
one body of the tongue very good all
05:00
right note what it says here the height
05:03
of the body of the tongue how this stuff
05:05
just sounds kind of dry and technical at
05:07
this point but as we get more into
05:09
phonetics you're going to understand how
05:11
important that is and it's going to
05:13
relate to something called f1 f1 is
05:17
formant one fo RM a and T this is a
05:20
taste of things to come fo RM A
05:23
foreman foreman in chinese is called
05:25
gold gen phone cantando gone Jen don't
05:29
let Jen shines on the phone go Jen phone
05:33
we don't understand it yet but will
05:35
understand it very soon because they're
05:37
going to talk about it already in this
05:38
chapter this is now the sixth edition
05:42
and i have taught from all editions
05:45
except for well I didn't teach from the
05:47
second edition I learned from the second
05:49
edition I taught the third fourth and
05:52
fifth and now sixth edition the only
05:54
addition I missed was edition one I was
05:56
too young man ok so I've taught all from
05:59
almost all of the books and he's made a
06:02
progression from including more and more
06:04
acoustic phonetics earlier in the book
06:06
that was a conscious decision he wanted
06:09
to put more about the physics of sound
06:10
towards the beginning and this is like
06:13
the 3rd edition second or third edition
06:16
that he's done that so you're going to
06:18
understand some things about physics
06:19
even without taking second semester and
06:22
part this this first item in the list
06:25
the height of the body of the tongue
06:28
this is very important it creates a
06:31
resonance in the oral tract in the vocal
06:34
tract so I need a coach a team in poway
06:37
timezone you don't go mean I took a
06:39
combing shins I push on shoe I'm not
06:41
going to try to explain it all to you
06:42
now but I'm telling you it's going to be
06:44
important later it's just like one of
06:45
those characters that you didn't pay
06:47
attention to early in the novel and then
06:48
all of a sudden he becomes president or
06:50
something
06:51
likes a hot day like that so this one's
06:53
important the height of the body of the
06:57
tongue shuttle psycho Django do it looks
07:01
technical and boring it's very important
07:03
I'm telling you it's very important so
07:05
memorize this stuff you don't have to
07:07
sue base the bay if you understand it
07:09
you don't have to sleep baby cuz it just
07:11
becomes a natural part of your
07:12
understanding so first of all
07:15
pronunciation body a lot of you say
07:17
buddy and it's not it sounds sort of
07:19
like bull d which is British okay but
07:21
its body an American height of the body
07:24
of the tongue shuttle de Gaulle do
07:25
number one what are we talking about
07:28
here we are describing what pay
07:31
attention to our context it's easy to
07:33
just read and then kind of not have the
07:35
things go in like a DD n hands on y'all
07:38
because this is isomer Eugenie man hands
07:41
on y'all so do you so mr. Jenkins Oh
07:43
meow vowel we're describing vowel
07:46
gestures right so number one is how high
07:49
your tongue is now I've spend so much
07:51
time on this to try to make an
07:52
impression on you it's very very very
07:54
important alright that's number one so
07:56
read that one again please number one
07:59
the height of the body of the tone good
08:02
number to the from back position of the
08:06
tongue good pronunciation again what's
08:08
wrong listen the from back position
08:10
what's wrong there is a stop at the end
08:16
of front now these stops are serious
08:18
business I'm not kidding when you come
08:21
to a stop ptk bdg stop stop just teen
08:24
shot I you cannot keep going the from
08:27
back position the from back position now
08:31
i'm going to give you an example from
08:34
mean I you my meaning is limited I know
08:36
a lot of theory I don't speak it very
08:38
well but I know some things there's one
08:40
thing I've noticed that may be helpful
08:42
understanding what happens in Taiwan
08:44
English how do you say elite you mean
08:47
are you the lip is it right Lee up all
08:51
right now say elite that
08:55
okay nigga let homey and system it in
09:02
when you put it in that phrase to lay up
09:06
then seal yup none right I didn't say it
09:09
the way I've heard it said what is what
09:12
is the end of lip when you put none
09:14
after it is it the same know what do you
09:20
have louder beautiful you got it that's
09:26
exactly what I was after can you say it
09:28
loud and clear for everybody please
09:31
Elite that yeah and Taiwanese huh okay
09:35
try it again okay if you say it
09:42
carefully it's still going to be a pee
09:43
but I went to a music concert not long
09:47
ago and they were teaching us one line
09:50
over and over so I heard it many times
09:52
clearly it's waddly have known why would
09:56
you Liam no it was really an M hot
10:00
gunman Jessica M it wasn't a house young
10:03
yo we didn't you didn't you didn't am as
10:05
it's in the yoga and when we were
10:07
singing everybody Wow would deal among
10:10
everybody was saying it that way so
10:13
what's happening there originally it was
10:15
a P it was a stop but we have known
10:18
after it which is nasal at the beginning
10:21
and a nasal is a stopper continuing our
10:26
book calls it a stop but it's a
10:28
continual excuse me and then if the P
10:31
turns to an M we've got to stop turning
10:33
into a continuing a nasal continuing its
10:35
assimilating is it the same as the N is
10:38
this the same place of articulation is
10:44
it the same place of articulation as the
10:46
N why would you limb no is it the same
10:51
place of articulation as the N in none
10:55
no none had a nigga a place of
10:58
articulation cinnati its alveolar or
11:01
dental yeah alveolar and how about Liam
11:04
Wow gee limb none
11:08
it's bilabial right so the place of
11:11
articulation did not assume you
11:13
assimilate what assimilated so Sam Adams
11:17
ebay tonghua think was now finding the
11:19
way to zuma the manner of articulation
11:23
assimilated didn't it just that none is
11:27
a continuing a nasal I hope I nice a lip
11:30
but it turned into limb so we have an
11:35
assimilation of place of articulation in
11:37
mean I you now how do you say morally
11:42
wha-huh about it huh don't be shy I need
11:50
to hear it loud and clear right you guys
11:55
the k cuz a homie and vince li gong hi
12:00
joe benson gun bang bang me it's it's
12:02
something like that it's like it but
12:04
nice of Kate it turns into an NG it
12:06
becomes velar so it happens in mean I
12:09
you I don't think it happens all the
12:10
time but I know what happens my point is
12:13
if you're doing something like front
12:16
back what's happening there hun laces
12:22
why would you limb nan Jung the shin
12:25
chan in guys at e because the tea house
12:27
on your bein single nasal back trato de
12:30
pussycat nasal because this release
12:32
joseph nigga don't see Poochyena so this
12:35
isn't the best example for comparison
12:37
but for like morally have it in lace
12:39
homie Anika k benziger ng my point is a
12:43
stop is turning into a continuing and a
12:45
nasal here so please don't do that the
12:48
stops are for stopping you've got to
12:49
stop even if you don't have a tu need a
12:51
glottal stop the front back but front hi
12:54
soy yo gotti the front back again I'm
12:57
spending a lot of time because this is
12:58
one of the most common errors I here in
13:01
Taiwan English not stopping it stops
13:03
Paul now ptk bdg puta enraged
13:06
georgeann's Elaine Gucci so why would
13:08
develop none too wow gee them none but
13:11
we don't do that in English we do the
13:12
mean I you but not in English everybody
13:14
got my point Kali ma ok my pronunciation
13:17
cannibals and Belgian but I know cuz
13:19
Chesley is
13:19
John and I believe this might be one of
13:22
the reasons why it happens in Taiwan
13:23
English we don't do it in English as
13:26
native speakers although there is a time
13:29
when we do this it does happen but for a
13:32
very special purpose I may have
13:34
mentioned it before it happens in pop
13:37
music I just heard it yesterday i forgot
13:40
that song but i remember another example
13:41
for example tori amos says put my hand
13:46
in my father's glove that's a song i
13:48
really like cold winter pull my hand in
13:51
my father's gloved house it's downtown
13:53
Des you can go listen to it on youtube
13:54
what should it be put my hand and my
13:59
father's glove hide your towels on top
14:01
of the show top I put my hand and my
14:05
father's glove but when she sings it and
14:07
you can check this one because i know
14:08
this particular song although it happens
14:11
in many songs especially motown kinds of
14:14
song just it I go make what hater in the
14:16
gonna be a dog is a fire in ya find them
14:19
fighting chunka use a mole on pavement
14:20
okay so put my hand pull my hand that's
14:24
the same thing from back so it was a
14:26
young of wente not stopping it stops but
14:29
why do we do it in pop music and their
14:30
native speakers so they're doing it on
14:33
purpose sort of they're not probably
14:35
really aware of exactly what they're
14:37
doing but they hear the effect of what
14:38
they're doing anybody have an opinion
14:40
about why this happens only as far as i
14:42
know only in pop music instead of put my
14:47
hand on my father's glove whom my hand
14:50
and my father's glove anybody have an
14:52
idea why that happens in pop music sung
14:54
by native speakers because i keep
14:57
bugging you to stop it stops but those
14:59
singers are not stopping and stops but
15:00
they don't do it all the time they do it
15:02
sometimes any opinions any any guesses
15:04
young lady aha baha sorry
15:12
sorry they're singing faster sometimes
15:17
they lengthen it that's a good guess
15:18
thank you for nope okay so one guess was
15:24
because they're singing fast so they
15:26
rush over it but that's when we don't do
15:28
it normally when we speak fast we still
15:30
put the stops in how'd I you Olga
15:32
glottal stop zanotti the second one is
15:34
so we can keep singing because if we
15:36
have a team we have no voicing right to
15:39
keep up the voice that we hear you can't
15:42
really lengthen consonants and singing
15:44
or at least not stops so when you're
15:48
singing when you want to lengthen a note
15:50
what do you lengthen the bowel or the
15:52
consonant the vowel is what you lengthen
15:55
right you can lengthen the nasal and I
15:57
hear that done for example in Taiwanese
15:59
songs sometimes homie on the nigga being
16:01
how are you in town but your choir
16:03
director at least in my experience will
16:05
always tell you lengthen the vowel don't
16:08
lengthen the consonant so that's an idea
16:12
but we still need that stop there
16:13
normally so that that was a good thought
16:17
any more ideas why that might happen why
16:22
do we do anything when we're singing pop
16:24
songs how do how do pop pop singers want
16:29
is to feel about them that they're nerdy
16:33
are cool right do we like nerdy singers
16:37
not that much we're likecool singers
16:39
right cool singers who exudes they act
16:44
like they're very powerful and graceful
16:46
and attractive etc right that's what we
16:49
liken in pop singers are any kind of
16:51
start so this is a stylistic kind of
16:57
additional to their singing this is kind
17:00
of something done for style just so we
17:02
let's how to make a phone girl y'all
17:04
bioship baoshan to Moyes on phone girl
17:06
died in weight doll not how cou ETA so I
17:11
thought about this a long time in fact a
17:13
student many years ago wrote a whole
17:14
paper about it now how much in G turns
17:16
out in your hypo negotiation oh he's
17:18
doing very well by the way okay he wrote
17:20
a paper about this sajal Saudi data
17:22
fashion geneseo they wasted
17:24
it's to sound cooler just a time in
17:27
swine Yoda so I'm a pop singer I can say
17:30
pull my hand in right but you guys are
17:33
not pop singers in this class right
17:35
maybe outside class you hurt remember to
17:37
stop at stops a lot of time on this
17:39
because when you're reading please read
17:42
ahead mark things that you're probably
17:44
going to forget we call that text markup
17:46
me down Yolanda with onions chin you
17:49
shan't be always shouting ha no II Julio
17:51
don't she so how do we say this the
17:54
front back position is not from back not
17:58
thrown back its front back everybody
18:00
tried the front back position the front
18:05
back position not position position s is
18:12
pronounced is Z and then the vowel is in
18:15
i.e position position everyone beautiful
18:21
the front back position beautiful that's
18:28
really good and you also notice that
18:30
long pause after the kb for the p ptk
18:34
home auntie new initiative hun tongue
18:35
toasted back your jaw means you're
18:37
either in tier it's going to be really
18:40
really a long pause so jewish i shall
18:43
trade in this agenda nigga time do so
18:46
generate some great time to the front
18:48
back position i'm being dramatic the
18:52
front back position try it
18:58
that sounds totally native that sounds
19:00
totally native that's the way we do it
19:02
reminder ptk homie and sita stop alright
19:08
have you all read article number seven
19:10
in the series dtp n bill can llama okay
19:14
maybe it's good it would be good to read
19:16
it again like fool shisha after this
19:18
long long reminder I've given you take
19:20
it seriously because if I have to remind
19:23
you every single time either England in
19:25
over 18 build ahem mine because any
19:26
teaching too deep i have been told in
19:27
the ha you can start reminding yourself
19:29
and not be nagged all right let's try it
19:32
number two again number two the front
19:35
back position of the tongue beautiful
19:38
all right now I said that the first
19:40
thing was really important what was the
19:42
first thing again without looking at the
19:43
book height of the tongue good number
19:47
two is and can you give me an example
19:51
among the bowels that shows a contrast
19:54
between a front vowel and a back foul
19:56
for example the highest one would be e
19:59
and then oh right although the oh is
20:04
higher or lower than the e because
20:09
because the shape of our bones and our
20:14
John are joined here means we have a
20:15
triangle here that means things can be
20:18
higher here but not so high in the back
20:19
is that right so who is not going to be
20:22
so high but they're both classified as
20:24
high vowels this is young to Edith how
20:26
we treat coding some drug dealer so
20:30
that's really important number one is e
20:32
versus a he is high at is low number two
20:36
is front versus back he is high sorry e
20:40
is front and who is back so that's
20:43
number two okay and that's also form
20:46
into f2 f2 format cones and phones is it
20:49
the Erica then number three is number
20:52
three the degree of lip rounding
20:55
beautiful all right no pronunciation
20:57
correction here the degree of lip
20:59
rounding to City Sangha three just add a
21:03
nigga moving in jan 3 that you soo
21:05
number one height of the tongue number
21:08
two how friend or how back to tongue is
21:10
number three the degree
21:11
of lip rounding good good practice for
21:15
stops as well so runs one you'll bow
21:19
your head for example and give me an
21:21
example of a high high foul with lip
21:25
rounding ooh that we were just talking
21:30
about what's another one let's just go
21:33
down who is one going down we have 0 and
21:36
then we have aa in American that's also
21:41
rounded we didn't put 0 in there 0 or 0
21:47
actually it's a diff non-roman maiolica
21:50
Tom Owens I nigga wages at Omega way to
21:52
Yokohama in 0 so 0 ol so the way dumb
21:57
cuz a nigga yes is homie NR chicester
21:59
ranch 10 then we have aa and then below
22:04
that thing's unwound is as our lowest
22:08
back vowel is that rounded no but in
22:11
British English they do have a lower
22:13
back somewhat rounded vowel jewels o neg
22:18
asleep elbow lighter that they got a so
22:21
that mean a by Hanukkah dinner i'll call
22:23
a nigga fool how we're going to learn
22:25
about that soon for example p OT and
22:27
British English is pot it's not pulled
22:31
pull sinica Keiko oh okay I'm not really
22:34
good at these vowels my teachers
22:36
corrected many many times because it
22:37
adds a hike 00 a tongue in remember it's
22:40
a long vowel and that's p 0 RT port in
22:44
American port in British p 0 T is pot
22:48
pot mail number you answered obojau d
22:51
everybody pot pot okay it's I'm not a
22:55
good model but this gives you an idea of
22:56
how it works okay so we have less and
22:59
less rounding the further down we go who
23:01
is the most rounded it is less rounded
23:03
what is even less rounded in American
23:06
English and it isn't British English
23:08
into the mugen auto PhD hi out yet
23:11
because the sides of me I'm a pseudo
23:13
obojau un ojo mianamon own yo Joseph I
23:18
man yonder you a home in the uh Luke
23:20
Ronchi iono are home to see yo shout out
23:24
are you I'm
23:25
ah alright I'll clear on those three big
23:28
points about how we describe the vowel
23:31
gestures to make vows what the important
23:33
parameters are okay the relative
23:40
positions of the highest highest point
23:43
of the tongue I'll give those points
23:46
highest points of the tongue are given
23:49
in figure 1 point 13 okay that's fine
23:52
but I'm going to be picky and Tywin
23:53
English a lot of people say oh a poet's
23:56
all tight angle a' do you then they go
23:59
oh y'all doin points points all right so
24:03
look at one point 13 top of the next
24:05
page those are the approximate highest
24:08
points of the tongue in producing these
24:11
seven vowels even puts is the chico muy
24:14
because the woman just it's a chica
24:16
Gainey mental town cow ok so a nigga you
24:19
got tank out the end OG guitar guardian
24:21
okay okay so just the vowels in the
24:28
words given in the figure okay right oh
24:31
go ahead give it in a figure caption and
24:34
check your caption figure caption figure
24:37
caption figure caption you have to go up
24:40
because we're not done continuation rise
24:42
figure caption figure caption right and
24:45
check that your tongue tongue your
24:48
tongue moves in the pattern described by
24:50
the points alright let's just go through
24:52
that one more time look at the vowels in
24:55
the words listed for figure 1 points
24:59
through teen don't say he'd just say e
25:01
and then look at the point in this
25:04
figure and then feel what your tongue is
25:06
doing we want to increase your ability
25:09
to feel exactly what you are doing ok so
25:12
the vowels are go e
25:19
you don't have to wait for me do it
25:21
yourself go e ah ah ooh so did you feel
25:33
your tongue making a kind of U shape
25:35
inside your mouth don't recall champions
25:38
rake out champions lady home en suite d
25:41
now huh not yours always make a home
25:43
ians we call daddy fun okay it is very
25:49
difficult to become aware of the
25:51
position of the tongue involves vowels
25:54
in vowels invasion eyes but you can
25:56
probably get some impression of tongue
25:59
height by observing the position of your
26:02
job ja ja right while saying just the
26:05
vowels in the forwards heat hit head
26:09
head you should also be able to sell
26:13
also be AOL also also be able to feel
26:18
the difference he'll feel the difference
26:21
between front and back vowels by all
26:25
vowels by contrasting words such as he
26:29
and who all right everybody he who say
26:35
them back and forth a few times to feel
26:36
your tongue moving front to back back to
26:39
front hee hee hoo ok say these words
26:48
silently and concentrate on the
26:51
sensations involved you should involved
26:54
involved yeah that's longer nigga co
26:56
shunga and was involved involved
26:59
everyone yeah I bet a lot of you would
27:04
just look at and say involved right
27:05
involved involved ja voicing my home win
27:09
tongue one you should feel the tongue
27:13
going from front to back as you say he
27:15
who you can you can also feel your lips
27:19
becoming more rounded beautiful
27:21
beautiful reading I was very very picky
27:23
thank you next
27:26
I'm Karen as you can see from figure 1
27:30
point 13 figure figure nafisa figure 1
27:35
point 13 the specification of vowels in
27:39
terms of the position of the highest
27:42
point of the tongue is not entirely
27:44
satisfactory for a number of reasons
27:47
first the vowels classified as high do
27:52
not have the same tongue tongue height
27:54
the back vowel is no ring the back hi
27:59
vac high vowel is nowhere near as high
28:02
as the front bow yeah they're telling
28:06
you to look at point seven and then
28:08
point one second the so called the
28:11
so-called their so-called back vowels
28:14
vary considerably in their degree of
28:17
badness third as you can see by looking
28:21
at figure 1 point well this kind of sub
28:25
specification disregards considerable
28:30
differences in the shape of the town in
28:32
front vowels and in back vowels nor does
28:37
it take into account the width of the
28:39
pharynx which which varies considerably
28:44
and is not entirely dependent on the
28:47
height of the tongue in different vowels
28:50
we will discuss better ways of
28:52
describing vowels in chapters 4 and 9
28:55
good very nice reading tap with in my
28:58
mouth chapters chapters yeah watch out
29:01
that you don't say you have to look at
29:02
my mouth to know what I'm talking about
29:03
don't say chapters because in Taiwan
29:06
you've learned lip running for sure and
29:08
to but it shouldn't be so around
29:10
chapters not chapters children should be
29:14
children so Kyle on Eden everybody
29:16
chapters and let's go over the main
29:21
points to make sure we got it as we keep
29:23
saying trying to describe vowels
29:27
articulate orally is not very accurate
29:30
or very very efficient or useful so if
29:35
we want to make an articulatory
29:37
description of vowel
29:39
we're going to run into problems and
29:41
they give you three reasons number one
29:42
we've already mentioned them the high
29:46
vowels are not equally the high vowels
29:51
like Ian you are not equally high Mayo a
29:56
younger though it does we'll go but
29:58
they're not the same height one is much
29:59
lower than the other number one number
30:01
two the back fouls are not are not
30:09
equally all right so that's nice and
30:13
symmetrical the high vowels are not
30:15
equally high and the back vowels are not
30:17
equally back right for example it looks
30:20
like which one is more back than which
30:23
one what vowel is that Oh looks like
30:29
it's more back then then ah that's right
30:34
but we're talking about rounded vowels
30:35
well no we're not we're just talking
30:36
about back files yes it's more back than
30:38
I you're right and also more back then
30:40
ooh so well seems to be more back than
30:43
either you or ah alright so that's
30:46
number two and then what's the third
30:48
consideration if you look at figure 1
30:53
point 12 on the preceding page they're
30:56
saying that we have many different
30:58
shapes of the tongue right but we're not
31:02
considering that the shape of the tongue
31:05
varies a lot in front vowels and in back
31:08
vowels so there are big differences but
31:10
we're not even mentioning those in
31:12
addition EMP home in the y NB hayaku Yun
31:17
Kwan ukiah hunziker hunting your crepe
31:20
Adele song edn we're not mentioning
31:21
those either the width of the pharynx is
31:24
a home in the yen vida cuando ma OT so
31:27
those are four reasons why using an
31:29
articulatory description of vowels is
31:31
not very satisfactory it says we're
31:34
going to discuss better ways in future
31:36
chapters and those better ways what are
31:38
they talking about we're going to use
31:42
acoustic and articulate and sorry
31:45
acoustic and auditory phonetics mainly
31:47
acoustic phonetics to give a much better
31:50
description of where the tongue
31:52
is highest to produce vowels very good
31:55
the sounds of vowels next going I'm Tina
32:00
the sounds of vowels say one more time
32:03
the sons of vowels okay studying the
32:07
sounds of vows requires a greater
32:09
knowledge of acoustic then we can handle
32:12
and this stage of knowledge of way
32:16
acoustics yeah that's the second time
32:19
I've noticed you seem to have dropped an
32:21
ass everybody pays special attention the
32:23
final esas many many students leave off
32:27
the final esas because when it goes
32:29
through your taiwan grammar filter you
32:31
often strip off all number okay daddy
32:34
substantial food shoe tonal debate big
32:37
big wauchula meola so watch those final
32:39
guesses and it's not just Taiwanese I
32:41
had a former student from germany and he
32:44
was not a watch out he was just an
32:46
ordinary German he did the same thing
32:48
and they have plurals in German so it's
32:51
not just Taiwanese if that makes you
32:53
feel better ok going we can however note
32:58
some comparatively stretch forward facts
33:01
straight straight straight forward facts
33:05
about our sons vows like oh sounds
33:09
establish all are like all songs except
33:14
the pure tongue of a Tony fork to rule
33:17
tuning tuning sekalian yonder inta int
33:21
as a tuning fork to eat nagar jung-in
33:24
everybody tuning fork I don't say tuning
33:28
and in British they don't do they don't
33:30
say tuning either they say tuning poway
33:33
pnc you get somebody in but nicer tuning
33:35
in Susa tuning because the top onian
33:37
tuning kind in tuning what happened what
33:39
do we call that it was a stop and it
33:42
became and africa right it became a
33:46
fricative it became a fricative she's a
33:49
slit I in wha that's what happens in
33:51
British English they say tuning rather
33:53
than tuning or do in American and
33:57
British not do they say jus Judy you eat
34:01
you so in staging pienso trying to tie
34:04
your language ND
34:06
Lucan tuning mega super job so Jenna
34:09
buying yeah Brian's attuning not
34:11
yarbrough is a tuning now make sure your
34:13
range for tuning because a teen should I
34:15
house on your entire mmm just tight
34:18
tight junction okay tuning fork a tuning
34:22
fork has a pure tone not completely in
34:25
with hi Alicia she quite a lunchables
34:28
all daii tuples the one chain mail
34:30
because its young do a light show you
34:32
get entire far too later zo eager sine
34:35
wave see you with a sine wave eager in
34:38
Eagle pitch hunt one very pure one
34:40
single pitch that's a tuning fork at
34:43
least that's the way we imagined it go
34:45
on I have complex structures we can
34:52
think of them as containing contain
34:55
contending tail 10 no leg and Piazza
35:01
Tang tang and cheetah ta why so many
35:08
otay hey yeah containing Canton know any
35:13
arteria come can become can come ended
35:20
and can kind of help can contain come 10
35:25
me nigga and shanna Basha contain come
35:29
come 10 you're thinking at the end and
35:33
lunch if I want yeah contai come hey
35:38
okay the tea is good can't was a cung so
35:41
come come come hey name hey come teeny
35:47
right everybody try that humbly grad
35:51
right but it's correct now it's
35:52
perfectly correct does a male nigga when
35:56
you go whistle well mate why my
35:57
wheelchair that alright containing
36:01
containing yeah okay try again
36:06
containing there we go a number of
36:10
different pitches is a different
36:13
different different right and dil laga
36:15
India different different pitches
36:18
simultaneously there is a pitch of which
36:22
the vowels is actually spoken of which
36:26
depends on the pause pauses being
36:29
produced by the vibrating local foods
36:32
all right so that's number one patrick
36:34
john da dong xi Nimue chicken mayo t2 i
36:38
want to and LG missions a job at ting
36:40
guo qu xi j BG shines on cozumel want
36:43
rancho hot meal when she I just want you
36:45
to have an impression you enchant your
36:47
goal you want to hold I saw it remember
36:50
that time when we said oh that's what it
36:53
meant I get it geniune hi boo so I get
36:56
it this at all Janie and Joel's the yoga
36:58
in shantou kalila when we ping a tuning
37:03
fork we get a pure pitch just one pitch
37:07
but the voice is not like a tuning fork
37:10
it has many pitches at the same time yo
37:14
shouldn't John Wakan Tanka the single
37:15
honk honk oh is that right it's because
37:18
actually we have many many pitches
37:21
sounding at the same time in our voice
37:24
I'll explain how it works in the future
37:26
right now just keep in mind that the
37:28
voice is different from a tuning fork
37:29
the tuna vort gives us one simple sine
37:32
wave one simple pitch but the human
37:35
voice gives us many many sounds many
37:37
different pitches at the same time and
37:39
that's what we're going to use to
37:41
describe vowels so keep going and quite
37:44
sure if onlys they are over Tom pagès
37:47
that depend on the shape of the
37:49
resonating cavity of the vocal tract
37:52
alright so what they're saying is that
37:54
the the pitch at which the vowel is
37:58
actually spoken that's called the
38:01
fundamental frequency Guinea me Joshua
38:03
fundamental frequency GP deep end p lu
38:09
in chinese d been keenly but nobody says
38:11
that we say GP g
38:14
pin Lou you all know how to write keen
38:16
right I find some funny chinese
38:18
characters sometimes in your writing
38:20
likes Lillian sony also hosts a chance
38:22
little slow on your getting Shiela so
38:25
watch out slowly into the sides of the
38:27
side was a busa cool sudo su alright so
38:30
the pitcher which the bowels actually
38:33
spoken they're talking about the rate of
38:35
vibration of the vocal folds the cacique
38:37
edenia deep in the dinghy is Osama jose
38:40
zuniga shunned I John donga Sulu that's
38:43
deep in that is the sound that our ears
38:46
hear most clearly well matina coriander
38:49
singing romantic counting seven David
38:52
Innes I naughty nigga angels it had a GP
38:55
Joe citta Sunday turned on the thule the
38:59
rate of vibration of the vocal folds got
39:01
it okay that's one but he says nigga
39:04
tryna high or cheat hotter don't shoot
39:06
out Bay in bay in if you know music
39:11
you'll understand it but if my voice is
39:13
at 100 Hertz for example if my voice is
39:17
at 100 Hertz then woman Johan de la Paix
39:20
into chunky attorneys and tiny suit yo
39:23
Swilley mega cheap ended it by who
39:25
you're down by her son by her sleep i
39:27
hope i hope you lose on shoot Tony are
39:29
tiny tiny losing to your initial pain
39:31
poster twinset posters I turned on far
39:35
too shiny cuz the singing ciao ciao
39:37
woman beat up tempo to lie did everybody
39:39
understand what I said yeah okay so
39:42
that's what he's talking about here
39:44
woman ranchos de jong wha volvo yoga GPS
39:47
oyo and open pensativo chinchou kazuyo
39:51
na hona Gina kochany men we wish your
39:54
call me remember when I demonstrated my
39:57
voice sounds one way like this and a
39:59
different way like this now my voice
40:01
sounds different is that right now sir
40:03
II wait what sybian widowed institue
40:05
league ago means young hi joe tansey at
40:08
OB lycoming so you hear a different
40:11
different pitch a different quality
40:13
that's what they're talking about muy
40:15
dulce de chicago mean ten shunga now
40:18
i'll explain it in more detail another
40:19
day but if you understand that much
40:20
you're doing very well what's going on
40:23
these el botón peaches Oh bizarre also
40:26
all
40:27
oh right over Tom pagès grave the vows
40:30
its distinctive quality we will enlarge
40:34
on this notion in chapter 8 here we will
40:38
consider briefly how the hell 1 vows are
40:41
one vowel have one vows is how one vowel
40:46
is nigga is beauty da jia hao one vows
40:51
yes how one vowel is distinguished from
40:57
one in this way is distinguished from
41:02
another by the pictures of dust
41:04
plasticity how one vowel is
41:08
distinguished from another from how one
41:12
vowel is distinguished from another from
41:16
from yet another by the pitches of the
41:20
overtones good of the of the overtones
41:25
very good actually you read beautifully
41:26
too when I was being really picky but in
41:28
the pickiness I hope you're learning
41:29
something so boot on the vowel hakan ano
41:34
yan the GP but can insist hands and
41:37
combing the nigga khong gian it might be
41:40
big or it might be small i had it in the
41:44
way o bein joke antigua cummings young
41:46
the nigga syndrome Adagio inshallah ha
41:50
like a pitch way be Joe Gow has BRD
41:54
cantata ha pitch beat your girl has vrd
41:56
be right you know that so inshallah ha
42:00
jo bhi acha so that's what we're doing
42:03
in our mouths Oh me Joe chance on handle
42:05
Putin cashout patong ching chong this
42:07
year coming shenzhen it bein now I'm
42:09
like a GP can't have a baby in time some
42:13
PMOI alright that's complicated if you
42:15
didn't get it it's okay tingo it's the
42:18
home and tinder sure how well your lair
42:20
show she lets go on a Miranda normally
42:27
one cannot hear the separate over the
42:30
the separate overtones of a vowel as its
42:34
tinguished both pitches right separate
42:37
separate chances utlaga in
42:39
everyone's separate don't sue Sangha
42:43
India eights away separate separate
42:48
separate area the only the only
42:55
sensation of pitch is the note on which
42:57
the bow itself sad said which depends on
43:02
the rate of vibration of the vocal folds
43:05
but there are circumstances in which the
43:09
overtones the overtones of each vowel
43:12
can be heard try saying just the vowels
43:16
in the words he'd hit head head hot hot
43:23
hot hot who'd hood hood who very good
43:29
alright and he says we should make them
43:32
all long vowels now just say the bowels
43:35
because he hasn't taught IPA yet that's
43:37
why he keeps using words and tells you
43:39
to just pick out the vowels so this is
43:41
just e ah ah ooh and we want to make all
43:47
of them long let's do that first follow
43:49
his instructions starting with e e
43:54
the air I I
43:59
ah alright we've just gone through the
44:07
series we're going to do it again but
44:09
this time we're going to whisper now
44:13
just take a minute and think about what
44:14
we're doing when we whisper we're only
44:17
going to be using one of the resonance
44:20
cavities in our mouth ho chi gong
44:23
eco-house tampa tribune singing the
44:25
nigga going shout when we teach em II
44:27
and anaika sigh whispering sweet we're
44:30
going to hear different pitches when we
44:33
say e we can hear they're all the same
44:37
pitch is that right but when we whisper
44:40
we're going to hear different pitches
44:41
you wait a minute ago mean sounding
44:43
again since when is going to change on
44:45
quick be it so i will do it first and
44:49
then I want you to try it so I'll try it
44:51
with a microphone so maybe you can hear
44:53
it more clearly whispering now
45:10
that wasn't oh it should have been a
45:12
bull all right let's listen again one
45:14
more time you hear a pitch in y'know p
45:33
that's got its own pitch okay but it's
45:37
also very complex so listen to the
45:40
difference between e and it
45:47
can you hear high and low which one's
45:51
higher he is higher right so let's see
45:55
how you see if we can hear the pitch
45:58
going down as our mouth gets bigger to
46:00
make the appt listen have to be very
46:05
quiet
46:08
we hear that clearly
46:19
which one's higher all right and this is
46:23
a good point to make because in Taiwan
46:25
English do we sometimes have a problem
46:28
with an app like bet and back in Seoul
46:31
fumble to lie right many of my students
46:33
have trouble with bet and bat bed bad
46:36
but if you whisper them you can hear a
46:38
big difference in pitch so e to ear we
46:42
already heard let's hear it again
46:51
which one is higher it all right now
46:55
editor again listen okay which one's
47:07
higher is higher so if you're having
47:10
trouble with a tanned ass here's one
47:12
difference whisper them ash should be
47:14
much lower ok bet bat if you're having
47:18
trouble and some people I know still do
47:19
have trouble all right let's go to AA
47:23
let's go ad ah lower or higher is it
47:33
going down her up
47:46
is it going down or up what's going down
47:50
still because the coal town is getting
47:52
bigger and bigger
47:57
oh it's going way down all right from 0
48:00
to 0 let's try that is it going down
48:10
around my mouth is getting smaller
48:14
because it's a higher vowel like going
48:21
up or down what's going down still not
48:25
my tongue is going higher so you expect
48:27
it to go higher because it for example
48:30
is higher than a right but it's still
48:33
going lower why is that anybody know the
48:39
tongue is going back and it's making
48:42
even more space on the vocal tract kocha
48:45
just a solution and an accordion tree
48:48
lighting at that woman whispered asha ha
48:51
tinh anagha coachella go me how you like
48:54
it that way so hong ho toy how did
48:58
tongue like a comedian Finnegan Darla
49:00
I'm keeping repeating myself so for
49:03
tamiya just subtle something the
49:06
contents of the hen she'll just say
49:08
whisper all right now say you might get
49:14
a subtle some in the Canadian hon hon
49:17
hon kaikoura is that right that's f1
49:20
like it's f1 all right or f2 I'm sorry I
49:24
get that mixed up so a nigga
49:32
we've got a much lower sound so good one
49:37
min so sweet content gun Bala and then
49:40
how about for you let's go from 0 to
49:51
mm-hmm-hmm it's still going lower is
49:54
that right so we're making that cavity
49:57
and our mouths bigger and bigger and
49:58
bigger so I will retain down a nigga go
50:00
me wait you're like it d let's go
50:01
backwards from 0 to e so alright
50:14
everybody try it forwards from e tool
50:16
and then backwards go whisper start with
50:29
google and go to eat
50:38
you're going up the scale right it's not
50:41
precise it's not though rainy but you're
50:44
going higher and higher everybody can
50:45
feel that now all right I want to keep
50:48
this going so we finish the thought
50:50
that's what's happening mmm let's
50:54
continue now whispered these dolls when
51:00
you whisper these vowels now whisper
51:03
these bowls when you whisper you betcha
51:07
when you whisper devolved the vocal
51:10
folds are not vibrating vibrating
51:12
vibrating and there is no regular pitch
51:16
of the voice never the voice
51:20
nevertheless you can hear that this set
51:25
of vowels forms a series of sounds on
51:28
continuance highest intensity sounds
51:32
under continuously descending pitch what
51:36
you are hearing corresponds to a group
51:38
of overtones that characterize the
51:41
vowels these overtones are highest for
51:45
the vowel in heat and always for the
51:47
vowel in either is there either how Todd
51:53
everyone hot hot that hard whoo-hoo good
52:01
or who which of the three it's not West
52:06
which which which of the three vowels is
52:09
the lowest is the is the lowest depends
52:13
on your original action we regional
52:16
accent accents of English differ as
52:20
after that the complete subject limit
52:23
applies actions of English differ
52:26
slightly in the pronunciation of these
52:29
vowels these Belgium of these vowels oh
52:32
yeah John of these vowels of the spouse
52:36
of the
52:37
of these vowels you can hear Peter log
52:42
of all good whispering these vowels
52:45
gotta whispering bowels whispering these
52:49
fouls on the CD okay so we don't have
52:53
the CD ready I'll get it ready doing
52:55
break we're going to stop there so we've
52:57
been talking about f2 now I keep mixing
52:59
up f2 and f one you're showing us all
53:01
home hope we're able to about yet this
53:03
is f2 this is the second format we're
53:05
going to talk about the first part meant
53:07
later the second format is easier to
53:09
hear be done only teams hold I we we
53:13
heard it now the pitch starts high for e
53:15
gets lower and lower all the way to 0
53:18
even though o is higher but it's more
53:20
back so everybody's clear about the
53:22
whisper formant now don't go kohima
53:24
that's it we're going to take a break we
53:27
have now seen that if we whisper and
53:29
this gives us four min to f2 jewels with
53:32
dr gurgaon zenfone that it can give us
53:35
different pitches for all the vowels and
53:38
they start very high and they go very
53:40
low as we go from E down to a from AA
53:44
back up to ooh so that's form and to
53:47
that we're hearing with whispering and I
53:50
didn't get the CD out I'm sorry so we'll
53:52
just have to trust our own experience
53:54
how about if you try it again let's go
53:56
from E to a cot whispering all right you
54:00
try it
54:09
I go backwards from ooh
54:14
you
54:18
ohio okay so we're at our highest is
54:22
that right that's the second format
54:25
let's continue with the next paragraph
54:27
I'm Ruby there is another way to produce
54:32
something similar to this whisper pitch
54:34
try whistling a very high note and then
54:38
the lowest know that you can alright
54:40
we're going to try whistling and
54:42
whistling actually gives us the same
54:43
results as whispering they sound similar
54:47
don't they so if we whistle we will get
54:50
the same kind of progression of pitches
54:53
as we get by whispering because we're
54:55
using the same resonance space to
54:57
produce whistling as we use for
54:58
whispering how you want to say yawn and
55:00
they got going home Jane so keep going
55:04
you'll find that what a high note you
55:07
have to have your tongue in a position
55:09
for a vowel in heat and for low note
55:13
your tone is in the position 41 osition
55:16
put in the position like for one of the
55:20
vowels in heart hood hood right okay so
55:26
I'm not really a good Whistler I was a
55:28
little better sucking in than I do
55:29
blowing out but everybody try to whistle
55:31
a very high note ii none choi co sau
55:35
trey Gowdy got you
55:42
okay so feel what your tongue is doing
55:46
all right get your tongue in that
55:47
position to to whistle that very high
55:50
note again and now put your tongue in
55:52
the position to whistle very low note
55:53
you're 29 3 23 degree now go back and
55:59
forth between your high and your low
56:01
whistled note and feel what your tongue
56:02
is doing song hum go that's eight D and
56:06
then take Oh Sal and I get in sounds
56:11
like a science fiction movie doesn't it
56:15
can you feel what your tongue is doing
56:19
it's going lower to make that low sound
56:22
right so this is what we're doing when
56:25
we're doing the e yeah it's the same
56:28
thing so in addition to whispering you
56:32
can use whistling to find that format
56:34
samanga yong choi co schalke don't touch
56:37
our wha ok choose them so let's keep
56:41
going from this it seems as if there's
56:45
some kind of high pitch associated with
56:48
a high front vowel in heat and a low
56:51
pitch associated with one of the back
56:54
vowels right and in Chinese phonology
56:57
they have they have two categories of e
57:02
sounds and all sounds and they use home
57:05
see homes the home data home see such
57:08
each other see so some people believe
57:11
that very often we have sound symbolism
57:14
you Eli Qaeda Hans challenge other don't
57:17
see teeny teeny tiny big big okay so
57:22
bitch is this a good ear that's really
57:25
they could take a leave and I'm gonna
57:26
tell me you're in your dingy but the
57:28
point is e grand jajaja job now home da
57:32
oh oh I'm Georgia la gente and that's
57:35
because of f 2 on counsell dialed a
57:37
nigga pitch the day because of the pitch
57:40
is lower than the person speaking is
57:43
probably bigger right a big guy is going
57:47
to usually have a low voice and a real
57:50
tiny grill I have a very high voice Sony
57:52
Miasha Natasha Anita guycreep Antoine
57:55
nigga had sent your daughter okay the
58:01
lowest quiz on there corresponds to the
58:04
tongue and lip gestures very much like
58:06
those used for the vowel in the fool the
58:09
good way to learn how to make a
58:11
high-back vowel is to whistle your
58:13
lowest note possible and then add
58:16
voicing so if you want to make a really
58:18
high back vowel then try to whistle a
58:21
very very low note and then just make
58:23
noise so try it whistle a low note and
58:31
then just voice makeup makeup voicing
58:35
sound you have a very back hi vowel sigo
58:41
hung homie undergo buddha in alright so
58:44
now you see the connection between
58:46
whispering and whistling and f2 this
58:49
this pitch that we hear one of the
58:51
pitches we hear associated with vowels
58:52
let's go on I'm Annie another way of
58:56
reminding the sound of the vocal ho
59:00
vibrations is to say the vows in a very
59:03
low creaky voice it is easiest to
59:07
produce this kind of voice with a vow
59:10
such as that in hat or hope some people
59:14
can pad hot it's long ah hot hot some
59:22
people can produce a creaky voice sound
59:25
in which the rate of vibration of the
59:28
vocal folds is so low you can hear the
59:32
individual pulsations alright so we've
59:35
just found two minutes at two methods
59:36
for listening to f2 now we're going to
59:39
find the first format f1 and we can do
59:42
that not by whistling or whispering
59:45
which uses the front part of the mouth
59:46
we're going to use something that uses
59:49
the lower part of the vocal tract yup d
59:51
daddy found you know mount it out so
59:54
don't you light it if I'm to hold me on
59:56
a nigga comb Jan woman you and I really
59:58
shouldn't say
60:00
so I should think that those shallow
60:02
champion the nigga container you like
60:04
your dad right omission they are t so
60:06
now homie and the nigga kanji niggas f1
60:09
now we can find f1 champion na jie
60:13
whispering gonna go whistling super
60:16
guangyuan when we on creaky voice and
60:19
this is something that i think all of us
60:21
used to do for fun when we were kids I
60:23
know I did and I've asked other classes
60:25
when you were kids did you sometimes
60:27
make a sound for fun oh ok that's creaky
60:33
voice that's how you make a creaky voice
60:35
and the creaky voice will help us here
60:37
the pitches of f1 the first format so
60:41
everybody first try to make that creaky
60:43
voice any old way this is very slow
60:47
vibration of the vocal folds it is so
60:50
slow we can count how many times that we
60:55
hear a vibration in one second I'm catch
60:57
you soo ah so that's cool I think I wait
61:03
for the hunk I make sure turned on right
61:06
Nintendo turned on them in a show okay
61:09
huh anyway and if you turned on this
61:12
issue so we can now try making different
61:15
vowels and then we're going to hear the
61:18
pitch of f1 that way so let's try first
61:21
of all what does he recommend for us he
61:25
says which ones are kind of easier head
61:28
or hot right ah and are easier because
61:31
they're low vowels so let's just try ah
61:34
that's an easy one say ah and then use a
61:37
creaky voice aah all right now say yeah
61:41
with a creaky voice and
61:44
ah now go back and forth ah which one's
61:54
higher okay we can do that with the
61:56
other vowels next paragraph Vivian try
62:01
saying just the vows in hat head hit
62:04
heat in the crack in a creek in the
62:07
creaky voice everybody understands what
62:09
a creek is right it's the sound of the
62:11
door makes when it's not been oiled okay
62:13
and you should be able to hear a change
62:16
in pitch change a change note and change
62:20
you know we practice this one didn't we
62:24
remember when you're having trouble with
62:26
that a vowel before nasal get rid of the
62:28
nasal just forget about the nasal and
62:30
say cahaya everyone tape she just
62:36
totally forget about the nasal worry
62:38
about the nasal later c'etait and then
62:40
chin chin chai chain Joe you're thinking
62:45
about the nasal like a nasal how long do
62:47
teen chick Jay Gino no stop speaking
62:52
English first of all and then stop
62:53
thinking about the nasal homie in the
62:54
gum and you won't deal deal to AE right
62:57
didn't I write it on the board before we
63:01
can write it enjoying fool how sure a e
63:07
that's what I want you to say no n-no
63:10
Jim J yeah perfect perfect it's exactly
63:18
what we want everybody say it chain
63:20
again tree alright when you're done with
63:23
today when you're saying take don't
63:25
think about English because you will
63:26
always get the vowel wrong always why
63:29
because of habit you've got this consent
63:34
equal to habit you've been doing it for
63:36
many many years so as soon as you see
63:38
the word change you're going to do
63:40
something weird with the vowel from my
63:42
point of view you're going to say change
63:43
tench but forget about that Inge and say
63:46
chain
63:47
Trey treat there we go and buy out your
63:52
shyness in Betania GG no I said forget
63:56
about the nigga in japan yet yes I got a
63:59
home here boy l.g Johnny and SEGA do
64:02
came down to her cheese yeah say it five
64:05
times che che che che all right now say
64:11
it one more time now hold John want any
64:13
touchdown our nasal okay chu that's it
64:17
you got it oh thank you and and although
64:21
in one sense the pitch of all of them is
64:25
just let let of the low creepy voice I'm
64:29
saying the vows in the older Hindi in
64:33
the order in the O in the older werder
64:36
but not odor everybody odors it's alway
64:38
order yeah okay in the order heat hit
64:44
head hat you have you can hear a song
64:47
that steadily increases in pitch by
64:50
approximately equal steps with each
64:53
vowel alright we're going to do the same
64:55
thing again but we're going to hear a
64:57
different progression of pitches when we
64:59
were whispering or whistling going from
65:01
E to add the pitch got higher or lower
65:03
or lower when we are whispering the
65:08
pitch got higher or lower from E to F
65:11
lower right now let's try doing with a
65:14
creaky voice see what happens start with
65:15
E and go to act go ahead with
65:21
I go backwards from A to E can you hear
65:36
going down from ad to eats going down I
65:39
think it's easier to hear it going down
65:41
that it is going up so now we're going
65:43
to hear it we're going to hear it
65:45
getting higher going down okay so if
65:47
you're going from A to E e was
65:49
originally higher I was originally
65:50
lowered now it's reversed he is going to
65:52
be lower as going to be higher so let's
65:54
try from E to AG and listen to the pitch
65:56
going up backwards it's going way way
66:11
down alright that's f 1 that's the first
66:14
format we need these two different
66:16
pitches coming together to make a vowel
66:18
that's what makes a vowel those two
66:20
pitches is what makes a vowel this is
66:22
really important when you learn all the
66:24
physics of it you'll get really excited
66:25
you think oh my gosh that's what a vowel
66:27
is I never knew that but I'm telling you
66:29
now before a second semester it's those
66:31
two pitches the whisper pitch in the
66:33
front the creaky voice in the back those
66:36
two pitches f1 plus f2 creaky f1 whisper
66:40
f2 together they make a vowel actually
66:42
there are more there are more but those
66:45
are the two most important ones we also
66:46
have rounding and that comes mostly an
66:48
f3 but f3 is not just rounding alright
66:51
so let's continue now servos in hot a
66:56
hoot hoot in the creaky voice these
67:01
three vowels have overtones with a
67:03
steadily decreasing pitch alright so for
67:06
going from ah 2020 the pitch should be
67:10
going higher or lower lower because Tom
67:15
strong died down a gazelle charge you
67:17
like a defiant congenial are ya dice oh
67:19
I really it d let's try those in a
67:21
creaky voice from ought to do go
67:34
can hear it going lower start with one
67:37
go to AA getting higher right isn't it
67:44
cool actually there's another way that
67:47
you can hear the creaky voice pitch the
67:49
creaky voice is the easier way to do it
67:51
there's another way you can flick your
67:54
your throat here but it hurts so I don't
67:56
recommend it but that's another way to
67:58
get the pitch so for example can you
68:11
hear the difference in pitch 10 Adama
68:12
you can try it yourself it hurts a
68:15
little bit though don't hurt yourself
68:16
and by the way Jamie was saying mr. Tom
68:19
didn't you tell us that whispering is
68:20
very bad for our voice it's true because
68:23
it's just redoes too damn high how what
68:25
they really recommend against is Tom
68:27
Stooges I mean that's not so good for
68:29
your voice Oh Orisha haha ok and so by
68:34
flicking your throat make a bow flick
68:36
your throat you can hear f1 just like
68:38
you can with a creaky voice creaky voice
68:40
is easier but that's another way to do
68:41
it you're just making that space
68:43
resonate ok mmm let's continue you can
68:48
hear Peter let letter fold saying their
68:51
vows in the words heat hit head had hot
68:55
hot hoot-hoot oh that was beautiful ok
68:59
again his british accent on the city and
69:02
i'm on the city the first four of lace
69:06
vowels have a model these these vowels
69:09
have a quality let clearly goes up in
69:13
pitch and the last four have a declining
69:16
pitch ok i don't have it ready now but
69:17
we've already demonstrated ourselves
69:19
listen to it yourself on the CD put a
69:21
little check their listen to the CD
69:22
yourself you've got the CD next we do
69:24
I'm Bella in summary vowel sounds may be
69:29
set on a variety of notes voice bitches
69:32
but they are distinguished from what
69:34
Elena bday but they but they are
69:37
distinguished from one another by two
69:40
characteristic vocal track page
69:42
is associated with their with their
69:45
overtones and we call those two
69:47
different pitches formance nelly angga
69:50
in paddington joseph conlon phone
69:52
formats fo RM a and T is fo RM a and TS
69:58
formants goljan phone those are those
70:00
two kinds of pitches that we can elicit
70:03
going in opposite directions at least
70:05
sometimes to make vowels okay one of
70:08
them actually the higher of the two goes
70:11
downwards throughout most of the series
70:14
heat hit head head hot hot hoot hoot and
70:20
correspondence corresponds roughly to
70:24
the difference between front and back
70:26
vowels all right so when we're doing
70:28
this e a staff hi nachna home and chibi
70:31
HMO inc and hormone e ok the other is no
70:36
for vows in which the tongue position is
70:39
high and high for vows in which the
70:42
tongue position is though it corresponds
70:46
university to what we called vow height
70:49
in articulatory terms alright so f1 a
70:52
creaky format is about height just a
70:55
shuttle the guard of2 is about front
70:58
back because the busa hunt rent this is
71:01
just a mentally adiga vantha ok least
71:05
characteristic overtones are called the
71:08
formants of the vowels four months four
71:11
months like four months of the vows the
71:14
one with the lower pitch distinguishable
71:17
in creaky voice speaking creaky creaky
71:21
voice being called the first formant and
71:24
the harder one the one hurt when
71:27
whispering the second formant alright so
71:30
the first for men is associated with
71:32
tongue height and that's the creaky
71:34
formant the second formant is associated
71:37
with front back ok and that is the
71:41
whisper and whistle format come on Julia
71:47
the notion of formats actually the
71:51
second Foreman distinguishing follows
71:54
has been known for a long time known
71:57
known not none no oak known known in a
72:03
long time long time it was us was it was
72:09
absurd observed absurd buddy market
72:13
Agatha z observed observed and well this
72:18
one's a z2 it was observed by Isaac
72:23
Newton who in a bell 1665 road in his
72:29
notebook the feeling of filling the
72:33
filling of a very deep flagon with the
72:37
constant stream of beer or water spouts
72:42
water has water Oh water sounds it
72:48
sounds the cells the legatus asada
72:52
sounds Devoe's in this order all right
72:57
here are the symbols and then he
72:58
explains it next so you don't have to
73:00
read the symbols going he was about 12
73:04
years old at the time the symbols
73:07
symbols the symbols symbols symbols
73:10
symbols sure the symbols use your artist
73:16
here used here are the best matches a
73:20
fast best best are the best matches he
73:25
has it were best best let shall obey
73:28
adam best are the best matches to the
73:32
ladders in Newton's lovers centers nehi
73:37
seneca onion add a 20 so I need a shower
73:40
yeah shannon have booked on what earth
73:41
water air to the letters yeah ok in
73:46
Newton's handwriting handwriting hand
73:50
writing in his notebook notebook
73:52
notebook
73:55
which is in the British Museum so if you
74:00
go to London go visit Newton's diary
74:02
okay yeah I went to visit at the time
74:06
Canterbury Tales I think they have the
74:07
the show gall of that there but this
74:10
would be a good thing you know good a
74:12
good goal for you with your in London to
74:14
go and visit this they probably revert
74:18
to the vowels in words such as whoo whoo
74:24
was it fate only hides it yeah I cannot
74:27
touch angel I hoot hoot hoot whoo I'll
74:32
read them whoo hoot foot coat cut bait
74:37
be ye ye is Neiman right go on feel a
74:43
tip narrow glass with water or pier and
74:47
see if you can hear something like the
74:50
second floor mat in the vowels in these
74:53
words as the glass fills up all right so
74:56
that means the vowels should get higher
74:59
and picture lower if we're going from
75:03
ooh tui the vowels the the pitch should
75:07
go higher or lower higher or lower
75:11
higher we're going to be hearing the
75:13
front F 2 pitch so let's see if we can
75:16
do it all right and Sophie can you hold
75:22
the microphone because I'm afraid it's
75:23
not going to be that audible without one
75:25
and then you're going to have to stand
75:27
to the side a bit let's hope I don't
75:30
spill if I spill will just wipe it up
75:32
okay cannot to closer I'm going to get
75:35
it all wet
76:26
okay did you hear it what did you hear
76:34
the pitch is getting higher we're
76:36
getting from or going from 0 all the way
76:38
to it okay pretty cool eh um well that
76:43
was the experiment that Isaac did he was
76:45
really really a brilliant scientist some
76:47
people think he's one of the most
76:48
brilliant scientists that ever lived I
76:50
read a biography of his so you know if
76:54
you want to do some fun science reading
76:56
look into Isaac Newton I'm also
76:57
interested in color that's another
76:59
reason that I was so interested but even
77:01
as a little kid you can see his
77:03
curiosity started early was observing
77:05
these things and he was able to relate
77:07
it to something else he observed namely
77:10
speech so as that space gets smaller and
77:13
smaller you can hear the pitch get
77:15
higher and higher okay good let's go on
77:17
soup breast segmental this is a whole
77:20
new topic and its really really
77:22
important and I've already actually
77:23
given you a lot of rules of supras
77:26
segmental for example when we talk about
77:28
stress and especially compound nouns
77:32
dress which is such a big deal here
77:33
because people don't teach it much we're
77:36
talking about supra segmental so it
77:38
means things aside from vowels and
77:39
consonants like for example pitch or
77:43
length or stress all those things belong
77:45
to supra segmental go ahead Stanley
77:49
Mouse Dottie Oh super second mr. Pratt
77:54
surprise second Mentos okay and by the
77:56
way I belong to a group of pronunciation
77:59
teachers over email we're called supras
78:02
nigga group do dau supras because we
78:05
especially are interested in super
78:06
segmental and it's like a name of honor
78:09
here's a supra oh I met another supra ok
78:12
super segmental mouse and consonant can
78:18
consonants can be thought of as the
78:23
segments of which speech is composed
78:29
composed all right every sentence has
78:31
meaning so we've been describing speech
78:33
mainly in terms of these two things what
78:35
are they consonants first we usually say
78:39
vowels and consonants but we started
78:40
talking about consonants first so we're
78:42
thinking of speech as a string of
78:44
consonants and vowels is that right but
78:47
go on to get together they formed the a
78:51
form they formed no matter for ya the
78:55
cell opposed that think of utterance
78:59
utterances utterance says utterances
79:04
super super imposed it superimposed
79:11
superimposed on the syllables are others
79:16
features known as super segmental these
79:23
include variations in strength and peach
79:30
all right pay attention here because
79:33
there is going to be a question on a
79:34
test about what super segmental czar
79:36
yeah got into a super segmental sasame I
79:38
can almost promise you there will be a
79:40
question like this go on variation I say
79:44
their variation in length Lex then
79:49
there's AK in there links length I'll
79:52
explain it another day links are also
79:55
usually considered to be super segmental
80:01
features although they can affect single
80:06
segments as well as hold syllables we
80:11
will defer it did help defer meoww read
80:16
the nice time you read this dress
80:17
correctly d oh we were deferred detailed
80:24
description of scription description of
80:28
more descriptions of the the
80:34
articulations as articulation I take
80:40
chelation articulation and uh and the
80:46
corresponding acoustics of these aspects
80:52
of speech till later later later in this
80:57
book very nice all right in Chinese
81:00
vowels and consonants can be grouped
81:01
together into a category called segments
81:04
vowels and consonants belong to the
81:08
bigger grouping of segments ok so keep
81:11
that in mind we need to know that Kyle
81:15
so you can avoid call so segment super
81:17
cool bowel incontinence young but don't
81:19
she so what are super segmental in
81:22
Chinese those of you who know said ciao
81:27
in Duan just a towel yet a child hurt
81:30
our intent the tents now can go to 10
81:33
Sicily in the audit ensue behind Rohtang
81:37
do La Jolla in La dando necessary ciao
81:41
entwine super segmental caboose
81:43
attendance assou-ekotto Inigo mu
81:46
indicators as a sweet song good in dear
81:49
Sangha to fetch is anemia those are
81:52
suppressed segmental i'm going to go
81:55
over the rest just to save time our time
81:57
is about up and we have to finish
81:58
variations and stress are used in
82:00
English to distinguish between a noun
82:02
and verb as in and insult versus to
82:05
insult everybody know that you may need
82:06
to give examples and insult to the
82:09
ECOWAS ooh versus to insult guru in
82:12
Chattanooga saputo no Johnny no in
82:14
Chinese do you have something similar
82:16
bhutan the Shenyang I'm going to be
82:18
insane puttana today I'm Anjali well 3gs
82:25
a cuando llega cuando cada jolly man
82:29
Ozma ding-dings is that right
82:33
thing things which one's the verb ding
82:37
what's the noun ding there you go or
82:40
people enjoy your meals Omaha data sheet
82:42
home john wants young shenyang by
82:44
tributes delay he hasn't called you when
82:47
we only get didn't try like trying don't
82:51
didn't want like right on so it doesn't
82:54
mean
82:54
natsu saeed incidences Johnny Susan Joe
82:56
Peninsula so keep in mind just as chunky
83:00
out your show contributes to lay yeah
83:02
Joey you money meant that take your
83:05
booster saw a face on the universal hi
83:08
Josie yo Moesha to the ground house we
83:10
take a pattern there are quite a few
83:12
because it boosts a universal okay mmm
83:15
compare similar pairs such as a pervert
83:18
huh young people love to say this word
83:21
right what is it yeah hi right okay or
83:25
to pervert shouldn't a pib unpack an
83:30
overflow just it alight at don't she is
83:33
overflow overflow to overflow just e to
83:36
lie to the don't sit you should find
83:39
that in the nouns the stresses on the
83:43
which syllable these are all
83:45
two-syllable words if it's a noun that
83:47
stress tends to be on the first syllable
83:49
but in verbs on the last so the stress
83:53
can have a grammatical function in
83:55
English don't you know so i uz olimpico
83:58
gangtok a two-bit slay it can also be
84:01
used for contrastive emphasis as in i
84:03
want a red pen not a black one that's
84:06
the third rule of intonation the first
84:09
rule stress content words don't stress
84:12
don't stress function words the second
84:15
rule is stress new information don't
84:17
stress old information the third rule is
84:19
stress contrasted elements so sturdy
84:21
sango greater stress in english is
84:23
produced by one increased activity of
84:26
the respiratory muscles producing
84:28
greater loudness khalsa wake up i paid
84:29
today stresses amount women hon andrew
84:32
de but there's one thing we know for
84:34
sure at least sweetie ma Yue Fei nigga
84:38
you'll need a tongue do I your stress
84:40
they're supposed to be out da mail
84:42
stress this will help me on the dial so
84:44
it doesn't sound Rita maybe I'm shouting
84:47
cuz the stress there's a halt when they
84:49
guess fate was it well um what if a
84:51
young young leaders should hold not just
84:53
a stress stress waiting like a favorite
84:54
gun young lee ok sorry that wasn't very
84:56
articulate to exaggeration of consonant
84:59
and vowel properties such as vowel
85:01
height and stop aspiration so stressed
85:04
as a whole song she would be jochen shoe
85:07
na hona awaken ela boy pants on Oh
85:11
Johnson so it's just a 17 also wonder no
85:14
more in our design does exaggeration of
85:17
pitch so low pitches are lower and high
85:19
pitches are higher stress bleeding's to
85:21
swap in videl cow juice your shows a
85:24
bitch out d for example where are you
85:27
going ha ok where are you going it's
85:31
lower all right we're not going to have
85:34
the test on Wednesday because we don't
85:36
have time we did this happens all the
85:38
time as you can tell we're going to have
85:39
a next monday so we have to correct the
85:41
exercise without correcting the
85:43
exercises i don't think you'll do as
85:44
well on tests so we're going to finish
85:46
up the chapter though you can usually
85:48
find where the stress occurs on a word
85:50
by trying to tap with your finger in
85:52
time with each syllable it is much
85:54
easier to tap on the stressed syllable
85:57
tri-state saying abominable with tapping
86:00
on the first syllable all right
86:01
everybody get a pen something you can
86:03
tap with and the word is abominable
86:06
everybody say the word now don't think
86:10
about where your tapping say the word a
86:11
bomb in the mall and then just tap go
86:14
abominable where do you tap which
86:18
syllable and bum because it's the
86:22
stressed syllable woman okay try it
86:24
again say abominable and tap go
86:26
abominable because we're using more
86:29
force to make a stressed syllable fake
86:32
on young meat you sent a cheat had a
86:33
diva quick and your dog passes i offend
86:36
the young Lisa transgender sitting which
86:38
is a fatal shooting now try seeing
86:40
abominable but tap on the first syllable
86:43
everybody go abominable abominable it's
86:48
it's harder especially for native
86:50
speaker because very naturally we'll go
86:52
abominable instead of abominable highway
86:55
signs to do that no way fancy understood
86:57
chink try it can you do it
87:00
all right now try tapping on the third
87:03
syllable a bomb min try tapping on min
87:07
abominable all right and so on zio Joe
87:12
Nene out you tap son is a man Quinn on
87:14
yahoo honker ye okay I've practiced I
87:17
can do it but I practice if you say the
87:19
word in your normal way you will find
87:21
its easiest to tap to tap on the second
87:23
syllable many people cannot tap on the
87:25
first syllable without altering their
87:27
normal normal pronunciation so if they
87:29
try to tap on the first syllable they'll
87:31
say abominable they will taint change
87:33
the stress because you only the defunct
87:35
is a royal stress pitch changes due to
87:38
pitch changes due to variations and
87:40
laryngeal activity can occur
87:42
independently of stress changes they are
87:43
associated with the rate of vibration of
87:45
the vocal folds earlier in the chapter
87:47
we call this called this voice pitch to
87:50
distinguish between the characteristics
87:52
overtones characteristic overtones of
87:54
vowels vocal tract pitches and the rate
87:57
of vocal fold vibration what they're
87:58
talking about Sydney you Sunday Tanika
88:01
turned on the solu- voice that's a voice
88:05
thing kushina nigga vowel the chimney
88:08
and they whisper homie on a nigga creek
88:09
can have me or when she gets to the
88:11
crime scene so when they're talking
88:13
about these we need to distinguish
88:17
between these the pitch of the voice is
88:18
what you alter to sing different notes
88:20
in the song because each opening and
88:22
closing of the vocal folds causes a peak
88:24
of air pressure in the sound wave Joe
88:26
waste eager young boy Eureka dim phone
88:29
eager golf own we can estimate the pitch
88:32
of a sound by observing the rate of
88:34
occurrence of the peaks in the waveform
88:36
sorry woman gioconda eco bushing sami
88:40
and to shoot yo chica ginger Danny been
88:42
roaming jockey gucci had a nigga p
88:45
noodle shop just voicing a pin you ought
88:48
to be more exact we can measure
88:50
frequency of the frequency of the sound
88:52
this way frequency and we we have a
88:54
technical term for it fundamental
88:56
frequency remember fundamental frequency
88:58
just an addition guy turned on the zulu
89:01
it's a technical term for an acoustic
89:03
property of a sound namely the number of
89:06
complete repetitions or cycles of a
89:09
pattern of air pressure variation
89:10
occurring in a sound Joe sunita again
89:13
tie her to the ones on the eager shim
89:17
Kwon hatch home Fujitsu's ago went on a
89:20
shooting wine woman don't take up like
89:22
cheese sweat frequency to a shower p
89:24
noodle shop everybody got that okay I
89:27
think it's pretty clear the use of
89:29
frequency measurement is the is in Hertz
89:33
usually abbreviated as capital H Z if
89:36
the vocal folds make 220 complete
89:38
opening and closing movements in a sound
89:40
we say that the frequency of the sound
89:42
is 220 hurts by the way nigga and boo
89:47
young woman boot down 220 nigga and
89:49
education sangria you Hojo country
89:51
sangria 220 hurts the frequency of the
89:54
vowel ah shown in figure 1.4 was a
89:59
hundred Hertz as the vocal fold pulses
90:02
occurred every 10 milliseconds 10 Tony
90:06
eat by so those out another sugar tangy
90:11
by dou a by dou x haha each and every
90:14
day well mrs. fan chimpanzee meow how me
90:17
out milliseconds don't win so help me
90:20
I'll write it down okay how could I food
90:25
a nigga how just eat Indian it is how
90:29
meows a ginsenger email woman young call
90:33
me out like geez so I hunt all the
90:35
speech events I bundles inhale me all I
90:37
cheese sweat suena me sure ha meow yo
90:42
it's the nigga turned on not just itchy
90:46
and chewy are you if I not just eat
90:51
by who okay that's how it works the
90:54
picture of a sound is an auditory
90:56
property that enables a listener to
90:57
place it on a scale going from low to
90:59
high para pitch Roman karateka panda
91:03
bear d takapuna video girl cocina p luke
91:06
and PHP a possible yeah cebu yonder
91:09
pitch the tone with the Inca calcium I
91:12
kaltaka to be a hipster ink out to some
91:15
the order to grind against so cursed
91:18
penis legally they cash in some niggas
91:21
it kinda hi drew grandeur I said why why
91:24
why is that a shitty good
91:26
Guandique shenzhen negative frequency
91:29
kiwanis the frequency to guanica in
91:31
salsa pitch Pancho yang su mente en casa
91:36
poo and try yah yah Arroyo is your Tulsa
91:39
which 17 output just niggas my name is
91:42
Zulu can away solar energy for your
91:45
distortion even though our daughter goes
91:47
out the grind she all right so we're not
91:51
talking about acoustics when we talk
91:53
about pitch we're talking about
91:54
perception pitch is about perception of
91:56
your ears in practice when a speech
91:58
sound goes up in frequency it also goes
92:00
up in pitch for the most part at an
92:02
introductory level of the subject the
92:04
pitch of the sound may be equated with
92:06
its fundamental frequency and indeed
92:07
some books do not distinguish between
92:09
the two and they use pitch for both the
92:11
auditory property and the physical
92:13
attribute hensel hand wash to by pitch
92:15
Joe ha got done house so pitch dummy
92:17
frequency because she's a boo ran suit y
92:19
ou doing in guangxi because the busa by
92:22
friends invite young where she taught
92:23
you all right the pitch pattern in a
92:25
sentence is called intonation alright
92:29
this is called either Jesus India or you
92:33
do alright we're going to have to finish
92:35
before the bell the variations in the
92:37
pitch of the voice when someone says the
92:39
sentence this is my father try to find
92:43
out which syllable has the highest pitch
92:44
in which the lowest this is my father
92:47
which pitch which syllable has the
92:48
highest pitch ah good which one has the
92:51
lowest it's not this listen this is my
92:57
father this is my father you got it ok
93:05
the last one in most people's speech the
93:08
highest pitch will occur on the first
93:10
syllable of father and the lowest on the
93:11
second the last syllable of the second
93:14
sentence just a jogan Halder 3 hoga in
93:17
Gao jiong you know it's the lowest in
93:19
this case now observe the pitch changes
93:21
in the question is this your father is
93:24
this your father what's the lowest pitch
93:30
is this your father
93:37
the lowest is is the highest is in this
93:42
sentence the first syllable of Phi is
93:44
usually on a lower pitch than the last
93:45
syllable so files of course lower than
93:48
earth is this your foie third five
93:51
diamonds that the early out d gone how
93:53
shall find because we're going up you
93:55
might just like a yes/no question in
93:56
English it is even possible to change
93:58
the meaning of a sentence such as that's
94:00
a cat from a statement to a question
94:02
without altering the order of the words
94:03
that's cat doesn't equal a good man Joe
94:07
Shanga coach in you guys well as a cat
94:09
okay if you substitute I mainly rising
94:12
for mainly falling intonation you will
94:15
produce a question spoken with an air of
94:17
astonishment that's a cat eating delucia
94:19
and in French that is often how they ask
94:22
a question sit down leave good sit and
94:24
Eve so that's a question it works in
94:26
French all the super segmental features
94:28
are characterized by the fact that they
94:30
must be described in relation to other
94:33
items in the same adder and stayed in
94:34
Hanzhong yahan zhong yao super sick
94:36
metals are relative to shine through the
94:39
shank daily I can't cheer me at home
94:41
into summer took Abby job Tynan saw your
94:45
grindr get super segmental don't go eat
94:47
you aah ok dosage chung toi de chi chi
94:50
minh home in the Guru town do dung dung
94:52
so kabhi jo jo ho thi dung make a
94:54
statement it's the relative values of
94:57
pitch length or degree of stress of an
94:59
item that are significant is young
95:01
detached want you can stress one
95:03
syllable as opposed to another
95:05
irrespective of whether you are shouting
95:06
or talking softly so for example
95:09
abominable they're both stressed but the
95:13
loudness absolute loudness does not
95:15
matter it's the relative difference that
95:17
matters children can also use the same
95:20
intonation patterns as adults although
95:22
their voices have a higher pitched upon
95:24
yoda nigga in gow gonna get singing
95:26
continue by just lamp I Leo shoe boot
95:28
soy yo the yamballi oh so who do we beat
95:31
re on your shell mentor the absolute
95:34
values are never linguistically
95:35
important jewelry to the mimic when she
95:37
but they do of course convey information
95:39
about the speakers age sex emotional
95:42
state and attitude toward the topic
95:43
under discussion so if I talk like this
95:47
I sound pretty old right
95:49
sex if you have a high voice female
95:52
lower voice mail emotional state get out
95:55
of here you know my emotional state and
95:58
attitude toward the topic please eating
96:00
sushi oh yeah I heard about that before
96:05
Masha Angeles adaalat CA ptosis with
96:07
supra segmental the tents okay okay we
96:12
keep putting it off we're going to have
96:13
to hurry through the other chapters I'm
96:14
sorry that's the way things go in this
96:16
class make absolutely sure that your
96:18
exercises are completely finished print
96:21
it out on separate sheets you can hand
96:22
them in and do the pinging exercise all
96:26
right and any questions ok we're going
96:31
to probably put some of the answers on
96:32
the board so be ready to draw pictures
96:34
of the vocal tract very good we will see
96:36
on Wednesday