Transcript


00:18
what we are going to do today is we are
00:20
going to correct the exercises for
00:22
chapter 1 do you want to ask anything
00:25
before we start here any questions you
00:28
want to ask before we start okay let's
00:34
just answer some of the questions you're
00:35
going to mark your own paper unlike with
00:38
the dictation so I have you exchange
00:40
papers you will mark your own work get
00:42
out a red pen if you need a red pen if
00:44
you really don't have a red pen then use
00:47
a different color writing instrument
00:50
than you did to do the exercises if you
00:52
wrote it by hand then you can use a
00:57
pencil or something but if it's by
00:59
computer I suppose a blue pen will show
01:00
up too but in the future have a red pen
01:01
ready so we're going to go through them
01:06
the first ones are pretty easy so not a
01:08
problem we'll just go around the room
01:10
and our instructions are studying a new
01:15
subject often involves learning a large
01:17
number of technical terms technical
01:20
terms please put that in your notes now
01:22
what is special about it what do we have
01:28
that whistling coming from
01:32
his technical terms a compound noun no
01:39
it's not because technical is what it's
01:42
an adjective
01:42
however a lot of adjectives that end
01:45
with Al and I see they are stressed like
01:49
compounds when you put them with a noun
01:52
I think it's because the noun is often
01:55
kind of empty yo so homey on a nigga
01:58
means the audience shoe the grind sheet
01:59
or it's because it is contrastive how
02:04
can theater don't sheet saga drapey for
02:07
example political as compared to
02:09
economic political and economic to a
02:11
baby so homey and amines the milk Johnny
02:13
Copa hard on silica compound funk Johnny
02:16
so we don't say technical terms
02:18
it sounds excited and weird its
02:20
technical terms
02:22
alright put that in your notes because a
02:24
lot of Al and IC adjectives behave like
02:28
this not all of them but a lot of them
02:29
do and I don't I haven't seen this
02:32
written about anywhere actually
02:35
phonetics is particularly challenging in
02:38
this respect cuz we have a lot of
02:39
technical terms to learn read over the
02:41
definitions of the terms in this chapter
02:43
before completing the exercises below
02:45
say each of the words and listen to the
02:47
sounds be careful not to be confused by
02:50
spellings you're better at this probably
02:53
than native speakers native speakers are
02:55
extremely influenced by spelling you
02:59
would be extremely influenced both by
03:01
Chinese characters and by chewing for
03:03
how I will give you an example this is
03:06
going to take more time like we always
03:07
do in this class how do you say this
03:13
sound and how do you say this sound
03:19
I thought this was an why is this yen is
03:27
it Yan Yan Tama no it's not Yan
03:31
chang-myung sounds like from here from
03:33
somewhere in North China
03:34
I know an old guy who talked like that
03:36
but why do we use the same symbol here
03:41
it's not an it's a why don't we write
03:49
it's like a big a hoodie bot try reading
03:51
it yeah that's good what's wrong with
03:55
that
03:56
now try reading this yeah that doesn't
04:00
work very well away from here down
04:03
Zhanna you sound better when you say
04:04
this one it sounds like more correct
04:07
Chinese system way when you were a
04:11
child just learning to evil how did you
04:13
notice this you noticed it tell me about
04:16
it please yeah
04:25
you noticed it when you were about six
04:28
years old right
04:35
maybe you'll write something like this
04:36
or something it's just yeah maybe not
04:39
this way but you notice that on an en
04:41
it's the same symbol but they don't
04:43
sound the same right
04:50
waste some of may lose any Mia that's a
04:53
really good question there's an answer
04:55
for that we're getting off on another
04:57
topic but what I'm saying is that once
05:00
you get used to a writing system it
05:02
really affects how you how you think and
05:05
it's very hard for you to think in a
05:06
different way once you've accepted it so
05:08
if somebody would tell you to write it
05:10
like this you'd say no that's ridiculous
05:13
right but you say it more correctly then
05:15
you say this one so what I'm saying is
05:18
that writing really affects the way we
05:20
think that's just one example when we're
05:22
little we realize there's something
05:23
wrong there there is a good explanation
05:26
for it can anybody based on what you
05:28
know about phonetics so far can you
05:30
offer a reason for why we do this why
05:38
did they choose and with yawn yawn it's
05:41
not a very good phonetic match why do
05:44
they do it
05:52
place of articulation well you're on the
05:55
right track can you elaborate
06:07
well you're sort of getting on the right
06:09
track the thing is that he remember when
06:12
we were talking about tea and to write
06:16
or true it was true and tea is that
06:18
right true and tea they said that your
06:21
tongue is more back for which one and
06:24
more forward for tea makes your tongue
06:28
go more forward now for an and feel
06:32
where your tongue is and now say in
06:38
compare where your tongue is for those
06:40
two and yeah and yeah can you feel your
06:48
tongue being a bit higher for you anyway
06:51
Iza and gall de so it's pulling your
06:53
tongue up and when you pull your tongue
06:56
up remember our vowels space for English
06:58
we have E yeah yeah ah right and you're
07:04
this n is not this app but it's a little
07:07
bit close it's probably right around
07:08
here somewhere so when you pull it up
07:11
towards E it gets closer to the s space
07:13
right so in fact they're the same
07:17
phonemes but the e is changing the vowel
07:19
a bit this is a bit off-topic but I just
07:22
want to say there's a lot of things
07:23
about our writing system that start to
07:25
change the way our brain works there's
07:27
another one and this one still bothers
07:29
me how do you write calm this young well
07:34
first of all let's start with this this
07:36
is me right then we have noon tell you
07:41
in the Union and then we have and let's
07:48
get rid of this
07:50
let's make it a second tone to make it
07:52
easier sure
07:54
right alright compare these Yi Yu Shu I
08:03
know she um
08:05
simplicity all just mmm Jun do it it how
08:10
do you say this you think about that
08:17
think about that where well mio cannot
08:22
email kind of all niggas it you Deborah
08:26
day he tell you you should soon you
08:33
never thought about that did you
08:35
yeah
08:41
right you're just told to accept it is
08:44
that right just learn it and stop asking
08:47
such ridiculous questions is that right
08:50
okay what I'm saying is there's a lot of
08:52
weird things this one I think is weird
08:54
because in you now know in pinyin how do
08:57
we write this this one is you this is
09:01
gin and this one is down Zaman pinyons I
09:08
miss ya it's not it's what II all so
09:16
that tells you young right configure
09:20
Suzi Oh Yoda in Sulu
09:23
so anyway writing systems will affect
09:26
how we think let's see what were you
09:29
starting with well I originally started
09:31
out saying was you're probably going to
09:33
be more flexible about English you're
09:36
gonna be a bit less influenced by the
09:38
spelling than a native speaker cuz this
09:40
stuff you know once we've got it in our
09:42
head like this is a ridiculous way to
09:45
write this is tie right so tight should
09:49
be written like this right
09:50
this is tie tight should be written like
09:55
this but we don't write it like this we
09:57
write it like this and this is a pretty
10:00
ridiculous way to spell tight if this is
10:02
tie so what I'm saying is that native
10:06
speakers are going to be highly highly
10:07
influenced by spelling we get used to
10:10
this and so if we want somebody to
10:12
pronounce a new word we don't know and
10:15
it starts with for example let's find
10:18
something tight there's no word ight in
10:21
English they'll say well just pronounce
10:23
it like this come on boy on a nigga th
10:26
now I see a teensy because we're so used
10:28
to this do you see what I'm saying what
10:30
I'm saying is that writing forms how we
10:34
think it's it's very very deeply
10:36
impressed in our minds and originally
10:39
what I was saying is that because you
10:42
learn KK from the beginning most of you
10:44
you have a you have more flexibility
10:47
about spelling you will be less
10:48
influenced by spelling the native
10:49
speakers because in my experience I've
10:52
also taught this to native speaker
10:54
they get totally led astray by spelling
10:56
totally
10:57
but Taiwan students because you know KK
10:59
usually you are less influenced by
11:01
spelling do understand what I'm saying
11:03
karema Qing Qiu so I'm just reacting to
11:06
the sentence that says be careful not to
11:08
be confused by Spelling's what I'm
11:10
saying is you are much less likely to be
11:13
confused by Spelling's than native
11:14
speakers native speakers are very very
11:16
susceptible to being confused by
11:18
Spelling's using a mirror may be helpful
11:21
and as I said if you have like a makeup
11:24
mirror it's really helpful when you're
11:26
learning places of articulation all
11:28
right we're just gonna start with number
11:30
one go around the room circle the words
11:32
that begin with a bilabial consonant
11:34
each person takes one whole item go
11:36
ahead met pet pet good to circle the
11:44
words that begin that's fine we're done
11:46
circle the words that begin with a velar
11:48
consonant not starts with a velar
11:53
consonant all this time I was saying
11:57
about how you're not influenced by the
11:59
spelling and Taiwan so much you were
12:01
influenced by the spelling right is that
12:04
right you saw the cake so it still
12:07
happens but it happens even more with
12:08
native speakers that's my experience so
12:11
let's try again
12:13
got anything else
12:18
don't be too influenced by spelling the
12:20
other way you might might miss some cut
12:23
because it starts with a case sound
12:25
right cuz sound so there you're behaving
12:29
like a native speaker next three circle
12:32
the words that begin with a lady or
12:33
dental consonant fat and that you I
12:37
remember what a VAT is Gong don't cheat
12:42
on economy the income to yodel hitter
12:44
that's a that a vat of lard of that of
12:47
rice and four we want to nail view or
12:51
consonants all of them please read them
12:55
not sleep no your presents are find your
13:00
vowel is not yes
13:02
everyone this is a short all of them are
13:05
short yeah everyone yeah okay try the
13:10
rest Wendy
13:15
beautiful all the rest were perfect
13:17
that's good okay number five here we
13:20
want a dental consonant and we're going
13:22
to call them that dental consonants but
13:24
interdental yeah remember always to call
13:27
them interdental we need dental for
13:29
Mandarin because Mandarin the dutton ala
13:32
consonants are dental but they're not
13:34
interdental that's why we need to stick
13:36
with interdental for english okay and
13:40
how do we pronounce them the first one
13:42
is voiceless phi is that way why is
13:45
yours
13:46
everybody bye-bye good number six we
13:52
want a pallet o alveolar shy anything
13:55
else nope that is it very good let's
13:59
come back to the front here we want to
14:02
fricative words that end with a
14:04
fricative
14:09
breathe right okay and the other two are
14:12
nasals so they are not fricatives and
14:15
number eight
14:15
sorry oh you're not done yet sorry
14:18
that's two lines okay very good so we
14:24
have here rave rave means to get really
14:27
excited over something to the point of
14:29
being a bit crazy Andros
14:32
that's a Z sound ruff we were just
14:35
talking about the funny gh spelling in
14:36
English but it goes back to a Germanic
14:39
sound of it used to be but now it's
14:42
disappeared completely from English
14:44
number eight words that end with a nasal
14:49
very good okay don't be fooled by the B
14:52
it is silent number nine
14:54
where's it end with a stop
15:01
very good okay lip-lip crab dog hide
15:06
back number ten and words that begin
15:10
with a lateral
15:12
how do we say that word
15:18
love-love uh-huh
15:22
there's a very fun recording in one of
15:25
the web pages if you haven't listened to
15:27
it yet those are two different URLs this
15:30
is a bit off-topic but the word low made
15:31
me think of it those are two different
15:33
kinds of ELLs one before a vowel is
15:35
called what kind of L clear L if you
15:39
don't have it in your notes an L that
15:41
occurs before a vowel is called a clear
15:44
L an L that occurs after a vowel is a
15:49
veal arised
15:50
L Jules's so geun-hye and Chinese and we
15:54
call that a dark L and so they have very
15:58
different sounds so look at me and
16:01
listen listen like love luscious look
16:07
it's just like in Chinese but after a
16:09
vowel bill ball though can you hear that
16:15
it's it's velar it's way back in my
16:17
mouth ooh ooh everybody try dull you
16:25
don't even have to put your tongue tip
16:26
on your alveolar Ridge for a dark L dull
16:29
so Jen Mayo ding dong Mayo grind she for
16:32
L after a vowel that's called a dark L
16:34
it's also called a velar eyes Dale we're
16:36
gonna learn about it later but since the
16:38
word came up in the exercises I just
16:39
wanted to share this with you now those
16:41
islands are so different and that's
16:43
another example of where the writing
16:45
system influences us native speakers a
16:48
lot before I studied phonetics I did not
16:50
know those were two different else I
16:51
would have totally denied it I would
16:54
have said no that's ridiculous in Ella's
16:55
and L but lo came in whoa homie n so
17:01
good soy Danica realized L listen to the
17:05
two of them and see if you can hear the
17:07
difference I'm gonna play love for words
17:09
and then I'm going to play it backwards
17:11
we recorded it and then reverse the
17:14
recording so you're going to hear it
17:15
backwards do you understand what we're
17:16
doing so the end of lull will come at
17:19
the beginning now part of the reason it
17:21
sounds so strange is because the
17:23
intonation the India the grandsheikh
17:25
when we say a word in isolation what
17:28
does it sound like what kind of pitch do
17:30
we have her come
17:30
of an intonation do we have low what's
17:35
my intonation is it flat going up no
17:41
it's falling that is that right so low
17:45
well is going down now one reason why
17:47
this recording is gonna sound funny is
17:49
because it's going to go up it makes the
17:52
intonation go up because it's going
17:53
backwards so here's the original
17:59
that's low backwards that's how
18:01
different those two L's are just so you
18:03
know and you will be able to do this
18:06
when we start using pot pot it is
18:09
software likewise only it can do many
18:11
more things you will be able to reverse
18:14
recordings like this and you can learn
18:16
how to talk backwards you can learn how
18:19
to talk backwards but it's very
18:20
difficult in fact that will be an
18:21
assignment one day I will give you an
18:23
assignment to record something forwards
18:25
then learn how to say it backwards and
18:27
record that so when you play that
18:29
backwards the backwards recording
18:31
backwards then it's forwards and it'll
18:33
sound like something like whoa it'll
18:36
sound like that really weird because we
18:39
don't know how to control our voice
18:40
going backwards very well some people
18:42
can though Darin could do it he could
18:45
speak backwards it's all good
18:47
he's the linguist I admire most in the
18:50
tire history of man don't worry buddy
18:53
good he could do that alright so we have
18:57
we run laterals that's what brought me
18:59
to this topic low number eleven words
19:02
that begin with an approximate
19:07
in other words all for good number
19:09
twelve upfront words that end with an
19:11
affricate oh I'm sorry in the back I
19:14
missed you much edge those are the only
19:19
two that's right okay now we come to the
19:21
front I'm a 13 words in which the
19:24
consonant in the middle is voiced
19:32
okay your answers are right let's
19:34
correct the pronunciation first of all
19:36
it's not ah it's a mother not mother its
19:39
mother and that's very very common in
19:43
Taiwan English so another brother mother
19:47
those are you guys up another mother
19:50
brother everybody another mother brother
19:54
all right that's the first one the
19:57
second one Robert can you say it again
19:59
make sure the eyes long robber it's not
20:03
rubber and the no stomach champey okay
20:05
robber the third one in American English
20:08
most people say leisure
20:11
please check the pronunciation of every
20:14
word you don't know put that in your
20:16
notes every word you don't know check
20:17
the pronunciation if you're just
20:19
guessing sometimes you'll get it right
20:22
but you will often those who lie Joe
20:23
usually will catch you right away just
20:25
look it up once you'll probably remember
20:27
it in American English
20:30
usually it's leisure leisure time
20:32
everyone leisure in British it's usually
20:36
leisure leisure right some Americans say
20:40
leisure as well alright and then we have
20:43
what else the next one stomach right
20:47
remember not to aspirate the team what's
20:49
the stomach you didn't but remember it's
20:52
not stomach its stomach everyone's
20:54
stomach and the last one that was
20:58
perfect okay let's go on 14 words that
21:02
contain a high vowel okay suit meat and
21:08
the other ones don't count good 15 words
21:11
with a low vowel
21:15
we have how do we say that word w ad you
21:20
didn't check it Todd's idea actually
21:23
sometimes the shortest words are the
21:25
most surprising or the trickiest it's a
21:28
wad
21:29
a wad of bills Allah help y'all did you
21:32
know Allah in English before now you
21:34
know a wad of bills
21:36
she lost how cow look how it sounds well
21:39
boy she had the answer you're just
21:41
looking at me all right
21:43
a wad of bills so wide is still a low
21:46
vowel even though you have the wrong one
21:48
in mind what else lad okay good and
21:52
sixteen ones that contain a friend foul
21:56
okay cat cute
22:00
how about gate is that a front vowel we
22:04
haven't learned it this one was tricky
22:06
because they didn't teach us a but AE
22:09
those are both friend fouls so this is a
22:12
friend foul but it's a diphthong
22:13
it's a diphthong Alice said oh wait
22:17
don't
22:18
okay how Tony Gucci Tanaka Gyeonggi wait
22:20
don't so gate is also front let's go on
22:23
17
22:25
back foul
22:29
cool what else pop that cup cup sounds
22:35
like fades ha and yeah it's not good
22:40
it's good yeah that was good
22:44
all right so a and E are both front
22:48
let's try those three everyone coupe cop
22:53
good now I'm gonna tell you something
22:57
else that's also new and it's gonna take
23:02
a little time but the stuff I tell you
23:03
is all useful and I tell it for a reason
23:06
because it will help us later if you
23:08
listen to my pronunciation of good does
23:11
that sound like a pure mono song to you
23:13
doesn't does it
23:15
oh good if I say for example food does
23:21
that sound pure to you that sounds
23:22
pretty pure doesn't it
23:23
how about heat that sounds pretty pure
23:27
doesn't it but good doesn't sound pure
23:31
and how about fit it doesn't fit me fit
23:35
that's it fit is that a pure vowel
23:40
no what is going on here we have learned
23:42
all these vowels as - songs every night
23:44
when we share today she does a demo in
23:47
remember that phonetics really was
23:50
developed in England the next the
23:52
phonetics that we're learning was
23:53
developed in England and it applies very
23:56
well to British English but it does not
23:59
apply many of the things going on here
24:01
do not take changes in American English
24:03
into account one of them is that short
24:07
vowels in American this is this is just
24:10
about ego you enter information soy or
24:13
the drama in so wit adawn maligne all of
24:15
them are dipthongs
24:17
all of them are diphthongs they are all
24:20
followed by a short schwa sound
24:23
in the case of AA homey and happy
24:26
jodyjean ah that's why I keep telling
24:28
you to use the Taiwanese a lot to get it
24:32
right the other ones are followed by a
24:35
little schwa that's another thing they
24:37
don't tell you an English class so
24:41
food good you can you hear the shot
24:44
good my tongue is going towards its
24:49
target is a schwa good now I knew this
24:53
anyway but I really really had it
24:55
brought home to me when I was trying to
24:57
learn British English vowels and my
25:00
teacher would just laugh at me and tell
25:02
me it was American because I was putting
25:05
a schwa after all my short vowels in
25:07
British it should be something like good
25:09
good good now does that sound the more
25:13
pure to you good good that's more
25:17
British I won't save totally British I'm
25:19
not that beltran but good but American
25:22
is good good good suppose it's hobby
25:26
Aman Dada
25:27
so when you hear short vowels pronounced
25:30
by someone like me from the States or
25:33
anywhere in North America you're going
25:36
to hear that little schwa after all of
25:38
the short vowels even very short vowels
25:40
it is a very short short vowel but we
25:43
still have that little it after it did
25:45
it bet bet me anima me shine but bet I
25:49
bet I bet I bet it still has a little
25:55
bit of a schwa at the end so put that in
25:58
your notes in American English we call
26:02
this little tail and off glide and off
26:05
glide
26:09
ah lights ashram Oh in cheetah don't
26:14
agenda family lamented BJ pushing
26:17
through the Nagumo in pachán pachón yada
26:19
nigga marine battalion Amada push into
26:22
life so in IA are all tank that which
26:30
one is the off light the first or the
26:32
second element the second one is the off
26:35
glide in with Dr Kappa jump lasagna in
26:38
Chinese as well in this one woman homie
26:43
we share which entities out gonna man
26:45
John how about you is the year more
26:47
important or is the all more important
26:49
who is more important so this we call it
26:53
an on glide even has I chairman so
26:59
Gladys a be Djiboutian zoo de Mayo nama
27:02
Tommy on Amazon yada nigga moon in
27:04
Saigon I'm winning yet if it's at the
27:07
beginning we call it an on glide if it's
27:09
the if it's at the end we call it an off
27:11
glide so that makes it easier to say
27:14
restate what I just told you about short
27:17
vowels in American English all short
27:20
vowels in American English have a bit of
27:21
a nas Clyde usually a schwa okay put it
27:25
in your notes this is important the
27:26
textbook doesn't tell you this okay and
27:28
we're going to go on in the exercises
27:31
and I'm going to switch to my old
27:33
textbook because that's where I wrote my
27:34
answers okay go ahead number 18
27:40
okay rounded vowel we want words that
27:43
contain a rounded vowel it's only who
27:45
how about us is that rounded and how
27:50
about but it's the same vowel native
27:52
speakers will easily be tricked by that
27:54
because of the writing system who looks
27:57
like it should be I mean the letter U
27:59
looks like it should be rounded but it's
28:00
only who that's rounded here and it's
28:03
not written with you okay very good now
28:05
Part B number one so for the first sound
28:10
and skinflint its next just write down
28:15
we already did it so yeah sorry cook
28:18
here any go it's voiceless velar Centro
28:25
is it oh well how should we say everyone
28:34
that's better okay what can we leave out
28:39
what did you put parentheses around yo
28:44
gang dissipation we're that beyond
28:45
pewter that's right same as for s good
28:50
right next n hmm it's voiced alveolar
28:56
Sentra nasal and nasal that's right we
29:01
could call it stop but we're not gonna
29:03
call it a stop because it's not a stop
29:04
they won't stop but get in the habit of
29:07
never mind not using stop for nasals
29:09
good and for and which ones could you
29:12
omit central we don't need good foot
29:15
next
29:17
mmm-hmm good good or oral uh-huh
29:25
ergative very good we leave anything out
29:30
central and oral again right okay l next
29:34
well right lateral right this is the one
29:41
where we need to say it it's lateral
29:43
yeah
29:47
okay right okay and did you say central
29:51
the first time our lateral I didn't
29:52
actually hear you very well
29:54
decent no jump over right it was okay
29:58
yeah alright let's go on to
30:02
voiceless not voiceless voiceless good
30:06
right hmm right yep
30:14
applo civ you can call it a post-it
30:16
let's just call it a stop let's just
30:18
call it a step okay
30:20
vocal organs in Figure 1.14 let's just
30:25
do that quickly because I think you're
30:26
pretty good at this already good so
30:29
after Stanley not too good
30:36
they just keep going fast hard palate
30:43
metabolic palate hey pallie huh mm-hmm
30:50
good epiglottis good good
30:58
number nine
31:05
number nine
31:15
no I think that's yeah they're not
31:19
really pointing at the teeth it's not
31:21
that clear but they're not pointing at
31:22
the teeth we don't have anything for the
31:24
lower teeth what is it
31:26
tongue tip yeah next ten yeah blade of
31:33
the tongue next front keep going
31:38
Center back all right so we have one
31:41
left forty right the tongue root okay we
31:46
finished that Part B so figure of 1.15 a
31:51
through G illustrates all the places for
31:53
articulatory gestures that we've just
31:54
discussed so far except for retroflex
31:56
sounds which will be illustrated in
31:59
chapter 7 and the spaces provided below
32:01
one state the place of articulation to
32:03
the manner of articulation of each sound
32:05
and three give an example of an English
32:07
word beginning with the sound
32:09
Illustrated okay so a should be place of
32:13
articulation is mm-hmm
32:18
well those aren't examples those are
32:21
just they said a word an example of an
32:24
English word treat
32:26
was it a treat can you spell it I didn't
32:30
hear it Chloe
32:31
trick that's why I had trouble
32:37
originally I thought you said this
32:39
because of your vowel you know homie on
32:41
with team poutine to treat but you
32:44
actually said trick right and then I
32:46
thought maybe it was tree but what you
32:49
really said is this which is this foul
32:54
trick everyone trick and these two go
32:58
together in Halloween which is coming up
33:00
it's almost Halloween trick-or-treat
33:03
everyone it's good practice for the
33:06
vowels yeah and II everyone
33:09
trick-or-treat the rest of it is money
33:13
or eats trick-or-treat money or eats if
33:16
you want to go around and collect some
33:18
candy that's very bad for you
33:20
alright so trick treat the other thing
33:26
that was funny is when you said treat
33:28
trick
33:29
yo way tome sure Dini ambassador dart
33:33
week do you know him yeah so I thought
33:36
treat means I'm word you know it's okay
33:39
so watch your vowels you have to watch
33:42
all your sounds but really watch your
33:43
vowels okay be next
33:47
right don't say fricative nigga sees a
33:51
bunion Gerda and I think the reason
33:54
people say that is because they probably
33:56
taught you not to aspirate syllables
33:59
that start with the unvoiced stop that's
34:01
not a stressed mayo don't you in the mgs
34:05
a PDK kaito de wow so that guy Guinea
34:07
johnson busan cheetah is that right you
34:10
don't know what I'm talking about I
34:11
think you just learned from your teacher
34:13
we don't say fricative I think I could
34:15
some amboy been some good tea can become
34:17
duh but K cannot become good it sounds
34:21
very foreign so fricative once mine
34:25
that's better okay
34:27
examples ok thigh is fine oh wait I'm
34:33
sorry we're still on we're letter C now
34:36
letter B B that's right that's right I
34:39
jumped ahead so let it be and your
34:42
example again is 5 votes and this time I
34:45
heard 5 I didn't hear the and part of it
34:48
is the room is large it's not easy to
34:50
hear over here and I thought why are you
34:52
using a Shakespearean word ok 5 is a
34:57
good example let's go on C and I hope I
34:59
don't get mixed up again let's go and
35:00
see mm-hmm mm-hmm good D
35:07
good good stop in America I mean at
35:11
least the way I speak SAP not stop stop
35:15
yeah
35:18
Muhtar 10 okay eat out it's not all it's
35:25
out mm-hmm all right let's look at that
35:31
picture for letter e what they're trying
35:35
to show you here is it's it's post
35:39
alveolar what they mean here is palate
35:43
olv ver alveolar it's hard to get used
35:45
to these drawings I have my problems
35:47
with them cuz it had sounds like la
35:49
russa Han Ming Shan does showed you in
35:51
font I'd seen what they want to show you
35:54
with palate o alveolar or you can call
35:56
it post alveolar okay in that case
35:59
fricative is still correct but give me
36:02
an example
36:05
for for palatal velar
36:14
she she yeah she is a palatal velar or
36:20
Jean darm this is if I went in one joke
36:24
I told it's a pimple Dora we have genre
36:26
when surely many genre cuz it shouldn't
36:30
make a joke I told its is that you any
36:32
man fate song shot also why are you
36:33
alright so that was supposed to be
36:36
palette while the other get used to how
36:37
they do these drawings and what they are
36:39
trying to depict because at the
36:44
beginning is confusing but you'll get
36:46
used to their style and then f back
36:50
we're back in front right its pal it's
36:54
just palatal that's right and then is it
36:57
a fricative do we have any palatal
36:59
fricative in English what do we have of
37:04
all the stuff we learned so far
37:07
memorizing places and manners of
37:09
articulation this one is the easiest as
37:11
soon as we get to palatal we've only got
37:14
one and it's not a fricative
37:18
it's an approximant in chinese it's
37:20
called
37:22
Jo gene in JG Nina it's very cold the
37:26
way they say it hi Jean Ling mega Tiguan
37:29
DBE it's an approximant everybody please
37:32
remember that you're gonna need it for
37:33
the test on Monday
37:35
so approximate is it possible they have
37:39
a palatal fricative we do actually I'm
37:42
jumping ahead again but this is so just
37:46
because the subject came up and so it'll
37:47
be easier for you when we get to it for
37:50
example
37:54
in the word pure after P before between
38:01
the P and the sound what do we have we
38:04
have a year sound right and the P is
38:06
voiceless so we say Heuer and I'll get
38:12
you a microphone so you can hear it
38:13
better cure listen your you hear
38:22
something you're some friction there
38:24
do you hear some friction there it's not
38:28
a fricative like or Shh where you're
38:32
really pretty much touching something
38:34
but we do have turbulent air to get one
38:40
little y'all sure you're yeah
38:44
should it be voiced or voiceless should
38:48
be voiced
38:49
but because P is voiceless the year is
38:55
assimilated as to what phonation
38:59
they are the phonation types of a pong
39:02
voila but like I said by either Yosh on
39:05
the other day cause he might either
39:07
grind she just how awesome now hope
39:10
this is important I'm not going to test
39:12
you on at this time but I might in the
39:14
future did you mean approximants yoga
39:16
coaster in the textbook it says they get
39:20
close to articulatory organs get close
39:23
but not so close that they produce
39:26
friction is that right just look how to
39:29
thingy fricatives are two articulatory
39:32
organs getting so close or not usually
39:35
completely touching they're not touching
39:36
like a stop they get so close that when
39:39
the air comes through it produces a
39:40
turbulence and friction is that right
39:43
and it says that approximants are also
39:46
close but not so close that they produce
39:48
friction like a fricative is that right
39:50
ha they didn't tell you one of the bank
39:53
one and that is if an approximant
39:57
is voiceless then we will hear
40:00
turbulence does it jge
40:04
approximate the toaster when it is voice
40:07
we don't hear turbulence but if it's
40:10
voiceless and normally it's it should
40:13
not be voiceless in theory kind of
40:15
phonemes Sosua voiced the kingship but
40:18
jamie anneka
40:20
lucien that you get in the hot take it
40:22
out Joe Bataan while like dancin
40:24
whooshing love in that case we have a
40:26
voiceless approximate and we will hear
40:28
friction pure pure everybody try it see
40:32
if you get it uh-huh that's right so
40:38
that was a long story about friction and
40:42
approximants and fricatives okay we're
40:44
going to continue next
40:51
good coin right stop I'm just trying to
40:55
get you to learn my dialect all right
40:57
stop everyone stop mm-hmm stop is
41:00
British and spot could be east coast but
41:03
Midwestern is stop all right all right
41:07
now we're going to have to draw and
41:10
let's do it very quickly sorry to take
41:13
class time on this but let's just
41:15
quickly put the things on the board
41:17
whose turn okay so you have the first
41:23
one second third and fourth and fifth
41:26
one more if can you put them on the
41:29
board really quickly that's why I wanted
41:30
you to practice those drawings so you
41:33
get the last one the third one the
41:34
second one and you're just redrawing the
41:37
first one yeah we want to illustrate the
41:40
target for the gesture of the vocal
41:41
organs for the first consonants in each
41:43
of the following words so format we've
41:46
got the lips together when we've got
41:48
voicing and the soft palate is lowered
41:52
for the second one day we've got the tip
41:57
of the tongue touching alveolar Ridge
41:59
we've got the the vellum raised the veal
42:04
like closure here is raised its it's
42:06
closed and then we've got voice saying
42:08
correct for cat
42:10
we've got no voicing which is correct
42:15
taught you guys to throw though but what
42:17
happened here make a curse on everybody
42:23
do you feel something touching in order
42:26
to be a stop they have to touch so this
42:28
would be wrong on the test let's fix it
42:30
just so it's functionally correct if
42:32
it's not artistic it doesn't matter too
42:34
much all right now do you see why I told
42:36
you to practice those drawings because
42:39
when I first started doing this I would
42:41
get up at the board and kind of be
42:42
embarrassed because I hadn't practiced
42:43
but I practice now I can do it the only
42:46
way that you will be able to not be
42:48
embarrassed as by practicing talent and
42:50
she you've already done 12 of them at
42:52
least maybe you did more that you threw
42:53
away you can give me please keep
42:55
practicing this because this is not the
42:57
only time you're going to need it you
42:58
will need it much in the future
42:59
everybody got that
43:00
keep practice practicing drawing this
43:04
figure so you can illustrate
43:08
articulations all right sink we've got
43:11
this up
43:12
it's stuck out a little too much like
43:13
that student I told you about this one
43:16
that one the other - you didn't write it
43:19
all up I'm not making fun of it I'm not
43:22
making fun of it I'm pointing it out
43:23
male number two - like that guy - your
43:25
bangles enjoy yo think everybody think
43:29
type I'm also not just about half a
43:32
centimeter but that's okay and then the
43:35
teeth actually do touch it and then this
43:38
is raised it's not nasal and it is
43:41
voiceless the rest is correct but I
43:43
think you can work a little bit more on
43:45
practicing the drawing and then we have
43:48
nut tip of the tongue is raised to touch
43:52
the alveolar Ridge
43:53
this is lowered not touching the
43:56
pharyngeal wall and it's voiced we're
43:58
okay
44:00
how about if we get through the
44:02
exercises before break the next part is
44:05
much easier okay whose turn go ahead for
44:10
F the first one we've already it's an
44:12
example
44:13
so it's voiced alveolar stop next one
44:15
father
44:18
very good everybody work on that sound
44:22
it's not voiced the always much shorter
44:24
it's voiced voiced yeah don't say boy
44:28
waste voiced next alright singing the
44:32
the nut is voiced and yep good at gene
44:37
the Chuck voiceless its way palatal
44:43
velar and it's an affricate yeah and
44:47
next book is voiced bilabial stop good
44:52
and next one everybody gets that wrong
44:57
every year every single year do you know
45:01
this word what happens when you don't
45:04
know a word what should you do check the
45:07
dictionary tones that please do not
45:10
guess especially if it's in a phonetics
45:13
exercise it would suck that song dance
45:15
it your male voice thing no and he all
45:19
right do you know this word now what
45:20
does it mean outer space in the ether in
45:27
Chinese you call it yeah eat hi it's
45:32
called etype ether is also something
45:36
used to put people to sleep when they're
45:38
getting surgery it's an anesthesia
45:40
shinza booyah me with highway Shama but
45:43
that's what they used to use to for
45:45
anesthesia insertion is surgery it's
45:46
ether everyone ether we do have the word
45:50
either either or the either types of
45:53
voiced all right so it's voiceless and
45:56
interdental fricative all right honks
46:00
everybody please you've had time to do
46:03
it at home it's not like I just put you
46:05
on the spot in class next one pleasure
46:09
mm-hmm very good boys
46:13
Alto alveolar fricative next hopper not
46:17
voiceless voiceless I'm being really
46:20
picky sorry voiceless bilabial stop next
46:24
Feli
46:29
lateral voiced alveolar lateral lateral
46:31
approximant oke next one sunny hmm voice
46:38
alveolar nasal good larger
46:45
laughs
46:49
yeah everybody watch that now in theory
46:52
it shouldn't make a difference but we
46:54
just need to distinguish between English
46:56
and cha and Chinese TTC and Polish
47:00
etcetera alveolar palatal the John Wayne
47:03
young good don't want boil on one yonder
47:05
palatal velar is what we're using for
47:07
English so it's Pao to alveolar
47:12
affricate yeah and it's voiced right and
47:15
larger if I ask somebody out of the blue
47:18
if I say what's the meaning of larger
47:20
what will you think it means
47:24
what does larger mean what will you
47:27
think without context without seeing how
47:29
it's written
47:31
eating Whittington sama that's right and
47:35
you're still saying it actually so this
47:39
is another thing how I constantly get
47:42
sidetracked but that's because of
47:43
20-some years of experience these are
47:46
two different words that's one reason
47:48
why you should not say larger for larger
47:49
be doubt that beyond and larger
47:51
everybody larger larger larger sounds
47:59
like this one for you doesn't it you
48:00
need to change it neasha are yokai said
48:03
yeah well you say well it's British but
48:05
if you're speaking British in your
48:07
consistence this is larger this is lata
48:09
listen my British is not good but it's
48:12
close enough
48:13
larger luta larger lotta they will
48:19
distinguish it clearly so if you're
48:21
speaking American and you suddenly say
48:22
larger this is what we hear okay ours
48:26
are important if you're speaking
48:27
American put the ours in okay let's
48:30
continue
48:34
and next the one that does not belong
48:44
mean very good let's say the other ones
48:46
everybody pen said death mess and mean
48:52
good next to and the answer is wet ha ha
49:02
see that's the whole point that's what I
49:05
keep saying
49:06
shall I repeat it one more time no
49:09
that's not what I want to repeat what do
49:11
I want to remind you of Teck Teck where
49:15
should you go to attack there are many
49:19
wonderful places to check online now I
49:21
always used to say Miriam Webster and I
49:24
still say it for me I think it's the
49:26
most convenient just go to
49:29
merriam-webster online listen to the
49:31
audio file but there's also the Oxford
49:34
advance there's the Macmillan and what
49:37
were the other ones I gave you a bunch
49:38
of them there are so many of them that
49:40
are really really good
49:41
but with a found and change again if
49:43
it's American just go to merriam-webster
49:45
ok if you want British as well then go
49:47
to Oxford they give you both mmm
49:50
ok so that how do we say these words
49:52
everybody meat steak week theme green
49:59
you got the right word but it's steak a
50:03
good number three Jamie boo answer is
50:08
masked let's read the other ones and
50:10
these are good practice words for Tony's
50:13
saying yeah don't say sin it's not sin
50:18
Sain paid eight lace mast what's the
50:28
math yeah just try and saw me on the
50:32
nigger guides the nigga John mast
50:34
busafam Benson
50:36
let's go in a four-ton and we practice
50:39
that everybody ten toast both a lot of
50:46
you say boss and it's wrong it should be
50:48
both all of these are oh except ton both
50:53
note
50:55
told ya don't save posts and we don't
50:59
have that word and five
51:06
are you sure
51:09
girl group go is the one you picked that
51:12
correct should be okay let's let's
51:19
listen
51:19
hoots good moon grew suit which one is
51:24
different
51:25
good yeah all right six mm-hmm dud the
51:31
other ones dud died mine i guy let's do
51:36
it dud died mine i guy alright you're
51:43
taking a lot for granted you need to
51:45
start checking every single teeny-tiny
51:47
word to make sure because a lot of them
51:49
you are just guessing and you're not
51:52
guessing right a lot of the time
51:53
alright so how many distinct sounds in
51:57
each of the following words one blue ass
52:01
good to but egg good how many for
52:10
alright next good or ass pick six next
52:18
to how do you count how do you count to
52:25
three right ish which one were you
52:28
leaving out how will you counting I'll
52:33
finish but we need to count the vowels
52:37
selfish next next i way
52:43
if five is correct next
52:56
this is harder than it looks isn't it I
52:58
think you need you need to be more aware
53:02
more careful and check more okay some of
53:05
you are just taking things for granted
53:06
especially if you've just finished five
53:08
it why do we have five for number five
53:12
and four for number six J because us and
53:18
why do we have is because is a sibilant
53:25
swinging and swinging by the way it's a
53:28
code to be an ego man tell studious the
53:31
codes are the codes of en ego madhouse
53:34
two leaders the fishes and fished tiger
53:38
the same kosher there's a Edie not Edie
53:40
tae Joos the jacket or the in all right
53:43
seven
53:47
how many but act in how many five five
53:56
everyone five alright now how did you
54:00
count he counts as an assignment but act
54:05
in you putting together okay remember to
54:09
keep the vowel and the nasal separate
54:10
that's easy to do actually I mean to put
54:12
them together but watch out okay we're
54:14
done here oh now Alex eight mm-hmm COO
54:22
what it Wow gosh I'm surprised because
54:27
you're a really good class you just need
54:29
to be more careful all right
54:32
look easy good three next
54:38
is it good 11 yeah
54:49
of course yeah each file was counted
54:51
separately even if it's repeated okay
54:54
and we're on 11 na nach yeah 12 AK yes
55:06
did you all get that one right because X
55:09
looks like it might be one sound but X
55:11
is two sounds
55:13
yeah not one question a question yeah
55:21
okay that's a good question I is a
55:25
diphthong you're gonna have to define it
55:28
ahead of time
55:29
Neos attention downhaul diphthongs is
55:31
front Egan has the lianca ee na shinjang
55:33
ha you have to pick one
55:35
alright made you betadine all right and
55:38
then for figure 1.1 17 um okay
55:47
did you all make your own waveforms yeah
55:50
Mozilla okay I just want to make sure
55:52
that you did it and let's skip letter I
55:54
for now and then how about for K I think
55:56
K is the hardest part of the whole
55:57
exercise do you agree yeah students have
56:01
told me that other years it is really
56:03
hard at this point because in the early
56:05
editions they would never ask you a
56:07
question like this in the first chapter
56:09
that's a that's a question for chapter 8
56:11
this is a sweetie Bob's on the wind he
56:14
whose turn this turn alright so for a
56:19
bite the first Foreman is similar to
56:22
they they want you to compare let's read
56:25
the whole thing because it's a very
56:27
precise instruction they're giving here
56:29
very precise instructions recall the
56:31
pitch of the first formant creaky voice
56:32
in the second formant whispering or
56:34
whistling in the vowels in the words
56:36
he'd hit head had hot hot hood who'd
56:39
compare their formance to those in the
56:41
first parts of the vowels in the
56:43
following words so for bite you only
56:46
take what into consideration the a part
56:50
but for remember for bite we don't write
56:55
it like this do we male doncha is that
56:58
right so we write it like this
57:02
and as I mentioned in a previous class
57:05
that's because trauma any men that
57:07
nature could be that mu in may oh damn
57:11
damn oh intrusion okay tap away eat demo
57:15
in the same situation so this this are
57:20
and I is different from this ah and they
57:23
really want to find out I Lehman and I
57:25
got a body supercharged in sunny autumn
57:27
all in so it has Leone for men cats it
57:31
touches a como in de Buffon first for
57:34
menses a nigga hold on say beyond a
57:36
nigga creaky voice the nigga so what is
57:38
your answer
57:40
which word did you choose you pick heed
57:46
okay this question is truly difficult
57:49
but I'm gonna make a first Foreman for
57:53
you invite and compare it to some of the
57:55
words so I fight I fight and that's
58:03
listen to the formant which one sounds
58:14
most like bite bite right I'd fight I
58:32
write you guys a h OD HOD uh-huh first
58:37
format and how about the second format
58:44
what did you pick for that had hid sorry
58:53
H ad hid all right we've said three
58:58
times and it's right yes okay it's hid
59:01
we're not gonna demonstrate you got it
59:03
right next one next one is bait we just
59:06
had bite now it's bait mm-hmm you used
59:10
good for the first one all right let's
59:14
try it for bait and we want a first
59:16
format let's compare which one sounds
59:27
more like a everybody quiet you're gonna
59:32
have to listen to this really funny
59:33
sound okay is it most like he doesn't
59:43
it's almost like it should be head okay
59:49
and then how about the second format hid
59:54
all right for second formant let's
59:56
listen to the whisper it should be
60:11
can you hear it if you compare how do i
60:22
do do gina has a head that's the closest
60:24
we can get did you have something else
60:28
what did you think it was him in judaism
60:33
esta semana Jaime what did you have head
60:38
H EA D or h 88 EAD that's the right
60:43
answer so don't look so weird okay it's
60:45
correct okay head and head that's what I
60:48
got and I tried it many times I'm pretty
60:50
sure of this let's go on to boat next
60:56
okay so boat we have all and four first
61:01
formant oh now listen
61:10
let's try just the last ones because
61:12
they're the ones we're considering so is
61:15
it more it's closest to who it
61:24
how can who it's a team if you have
61:28
really trouble with this a lot of trial
61:29
with this please don't worry this is
61:31
truly hard this is really second
61:33
semester stuff but it's okay dear Chui
61:35
shot me when she and this stuff is not
61:36
gonna hurt your grade and for the second
61:38
form and I also got hood okay so if you
61:43
tried then dad down that's good
61:46
trying is good enough because this stuff
61:48
is really very advanced alright what we
61:51
have left is this exercise and during
61:55
the break um whose turn is it I would
61:58
like you to what we'll figure out how
62:00
we're gonna do it we're gonna put it on
62:01
the board okay during the break time
62:03
okay
62:10
and while they're writing just very
62:13
briefly on part K I think most of you
62:16
found fart park a very difficult right
62:18
as I told to the student who came to
62:21
talk to me during break this material
62:23
belongs to chapter 8 second semester
62:25
chapter 8 and second semester we start
62:29
with 6 7 so it's like middle of second
62:31
semester before we really learn this
62:32
stuff so if you had trouble with it
62:35
that's totally normal don't use a gear
62:37
to go hide your gola I will not test you
62:39
on this stuff so we're going to look at
62:41
the marking now of this waveform of time
62:46
saw 9 wasps and you should be familiar
62:49
with this already because you already
62:51
made your own waveforms earlier before
62:53
we knew we were going to do this and
62:55
let's see what we have here okay we have
62:58
a closure here there's nothing going on
63:00
a lot of your computers have a lot of
63:01
noise mine has a little too you'll see a
63:04
jagged line here that's computer noise
63:06
or some other noise normally if you have
63:09
a really quiet system so we just eat cow
63:12
this is nothing nothing at all no
63:14
sound at all and here we have a burst
63:17
this is correct
63:18
chairman Seca State done that's a burst
63:21
drawn really beautifully boy we got the
63:24
right person here okay we've got a burst
63:27
here and then we've got what is this
63:32
yeah when you see these really long
63:35
lines you know it's got quite a high
63:38
amplitude how to Gen fool high mongaul
63:40
de so that is the vowel and here we
63:44
still have regular lines but the
63:47
amplitude is much lower we have a nasal
63:50
so you can just use your subjective
63:55
hearing your the your subjective
63:57
reaction to what you hear
63:58
ha nigga Han Hong yeah man manda and it
64:03
really is reflected on a waveform
64:05
wait the Hye soo Jung Hyung Quetta crush
64:07
it turn push out and oh is that right
64:10
and then we have this is the fricative
64:15
this is noise Boog wait sir when she
64:18
bats out the handle don't pin it on sure
64:20
to share a tushy and males among males
64:22
amiquay Lou
64:24
that's the noise the fricative and here
64:28
we recognize this again pattern a cup
64:31
ginger cut unquiet and cunning kind of
64:36
idea we think but we have the same
64:39
pattern as we have here so we know that
64:40
this is the this is the vowel saw and
64:44
then here we've got an off glide saw not
64:49
really and that's not it not really a w
64:51
it's saw okay and then we have nine
64:59
we've got a nasal here you're so hungry
65:02
it's a gentle yeah put that down sit
65:04
then we have a vowel and grades are done
65:09
for ham and Dada nine and then again
65:12
nasal we're already familiar with this
65:14
pattern it's very similar to this one
65:16
regular but with a much smaller
65:18
amplitude and then we get wasps we get
65:24
whoop whoop here we have a nine then
65:30
probably nothing has stopped here have
65:33
Mayo teen tell me Oh John Glenn listen
65:35
nine wasps if it were we would see just
65:37
a straight line here but the voicing did
65:40
not get broken off nine wasps nine and
65:46
then was starting here there's not a
65:48
complete closure um let's not write
65:54
closure here it's not quite a closure
65:56
look see if I have that written here
66:00
it's just an approximate we don't have a
66:04
closure here gum a male closure nine
66:07
except for the nasal we do have a
66:09
closure they call it a stop because
66:12
there is a closure but we're not going
66:13
to call that closure
66:14
it's a continuance so mmm what's at when
66:18
Jim gone down in his enclosure so we're
66:20
not gonna write closure it is a type of
66:22
closure but we're not gonna write it
66:23
here a proximate is whoa whoa we're just
66:27
starting off here and then again we have
66:29
a very regular large bowel and then
66:33
whilst we've got noise again
66:36
keep out of the dalian and then wasps
66:40
remember stop it stops stop it stops
66:43
right you'd also in ting ting it's an
66:46
SEO team nothing happens there but we've
66:48
got air under pressure co chiid ah wasps
66:52
you can feel it in your tummy can't you
66:55
watch unless you're really sloppy and
66:58
say wasps which some people actually do
67:00
so if you're saying it carefully wasps
67:04
wasps don't do it's a little bland is
67:08
that right
67:09
that's how stops work why keep
67:11
mentioning stop it stop till he sits in
67:13
the dwama so that's called the hold
67:15
phase of a stop and we're going to learn
67:17
about that really soon and then wasps
67:20
we've got the burst here wasps the burst
67:28
is here this is the burst wasps the
67:35
burst is here
67:38
okay
67:42
and there is a closure here we should
67:44
add that here is a closure okay that's
67:49
not a closure because we've got air
67:51
coming out of the nose basically there
67:52
is a closure between the tongue tip and
67:54
the alveolar Ridge but we've still got
67:56
air and sound coming out of the nose but
67:59
here this is a total closure with no
68:00
sound at all
68:01
it's a voiceless stop so we really
68:03
stopped that's a closure and here's our
68:05
burst that's when we let the air out and
68:08
that's noise nigga Piguet it's a stop a
68:11
wasp and then then we get lots of noise
68:15
a fricative
68:16
Bouygues Lyla because it's voiceless
68:19
okay do we have any questions about that
68:22
let me just see if I missed anything
68:24
here I think it's okay as we're going
68:29
along everything looked okay uh-huh
68:32
anybody have any comments yeah
68:37
because P is a voiceless stop and when
68:41
we have a voiceless stop you're gonna
68:42
learn in a tutorial soon we have an
68:45
approach so what if I gotta make a pea
68:48
wasps my lips are closed and during that
68:52
closure they're just getting ready to
68:54
close that's the approach does the
68:56
language in psychology now huh nets and
69:00
your phone bill that's called hold no to
69:02
wasps air is under pressure behind my
69:05
lips and then I let it out wasps
69:18
that's because it happened so fast
69:20
that's because it happened so fast
69:23
timing us the jinsol ha and why because
69:25
on both sides we've got consonants then
69:27
she sang a consonants towing to India we
69:30
have to do it fast wasps wasps Hank why
69:33
that was a very good question
69:36
because this makes it deceptively look
69:38
like it's a long stop right that was a
69:40
good question to ask it is very short
69:43
but it's still there if you look there's
69:44
still a closure it just happens fast
69:46
what's okay yeah there is it's not a
70:00
closure Tom saw it's just to stop I just
70:04
changed a light how big was the tape I
70:08
may repeat today so between five and
70:11
nine he took me put he paused Tom saw 9
70:15
watts all right Connie man why would we
70:19
pause there we don't have to comes on on
70:21
way sorry I can't even do it because
70:24
it's not bleep wasn't she quite I'm
70:26
gonna go show it you want meals is she
70:27
going Tom saw nine wasps koey
70:29
then we wouldn't have it but why do we
70:32
have that pause there I've given you a
70:34
reason before
70:37
that's right saw and wasps are both
70:40
content words so they are both both way
70:43
stressed in addition what something very
70:49
important about all of the words in this
70:50
sentence but especially these two in
70:52
this case how many syllables do they
70:54
have each one has only one syllable and
70:59
when you have a stressed mono syllable
71:02
after another stressed mono syllable or
71:05
before whatever you have them in
71:06
sequence then what do you do in English
71:09
we do not like to have two stresses
71:11
close together
71:12
lianca Gyeonggi women have Bush Iran we
71:15
call the Thai team Tom saw nine was all
71:20
four words are stressed we don't like
71:22
that so what do we use to get around
71:25
that what trick do we use pause Tom saw
71:31
wasps because we have no unstressed
71:34
syllables to fill in the gaps between
71:36
the stressed syllables we pause okay
71:40
that was a good question
71:41
this proves it actually ok good even
71:43
Jango that shins I see do it alright
71:46
somebody else oh and then I have to have
71:49
to I mention mention Stan Lee's
71:53
correction shown fool
71:57
so Fong's I use the phones at you thank
72:00
you okay
72:01
show guy go lie Stan Lee shins ice it's
72:03
like a fungus only he was just really
72:05
really tense up till now thank you very
72:07
much for catching that you should tell
72:08
me those things cuz that way I'll not
72:10
make the same mistake in the future so
72:12
yeah if you notice these things I'm
72:14
doing wrong please tell me okay anything
72:17
else you want to ask this is really bad
72:22
going Gong I think to get through all of
72:23
these even if you didn't understand
72:25
everything in part k it's okay any other
72:28
questions on the exercises peeing that's
72:31
one thing we have not finished is peeing
72:33
let's do it really really quickly okay
72:35
the test will include one at least one
72:38
item on teens so make sure that you can
72:40
write in pinyin I will give you maybe
72:42
Chinese and then you transcribe it into
72:44
opinion with the correct tone markings
72:47
chisel Hanyu pinyin since the yoke
72:50
weights up and I put up a link I believe
72:52
but I will not bug you about that sleeo
72:58
Quaid's up but it's not a big deal if
72:59
you just can just learn how to
73:00
transcribe an opinion correctly that's
73:02
you know I want you to tell me if
73:04
there's any mistake let's read it very
73:06
slowly go
73:21
okay
73:22
I put a little hook on cue you don't
73:24
have to but I prefer it little hook on
73:27
cue any mistakes isn't that beautiful
73:30
it's really good next did anybody put a
73:34
second tone on men
73:36
did anybody put a second tone on men
73:38
okay we don't need it just a Ching Chung
73:41
but actually in Taiwan Mandarin you
73:43
sometimes say common common boots is Dow
73:46
Beijing has seppuku Yoda titles it I
73:50
wanna go Yoshi ho so you have the ocean
73:52
but say how such a change a change I'm
73:54
just some Adobe all right
74:06
yeah okay so let's continue over here
74:18
what's okay she'll hi
74:22
it looked like a period a very big
74:24
period okay huh okay whoops yeah ia oh
74:40
the tone mark is always over the
74:43
left-hand letter always I a young man
74:47
says idea that's emotion and I looked at
74:50
another site and it said another way to
74:52
remember it is it's always above ah
74:56
let's see ah and E
74:58
I hope yo hi joseline white gel Ling my
75:01
Joanie
75:02
so a a can eat the lamb gets the more
75:05
shy young me on your towel fool plus yo
75:08
there's a hope house is a Oh Shawn yeah
75:10
that's the the rule I just read
75:12
yesterday actually but also what I what
75:14
I usually remember is I a I'll it's
75:16
always on the left okay hi yo
75:30
booster is our old aha Delphis on Sonali
75:36
cuase at home in you may choose a nigga
75:38
I stood tae-bo a way because it had some
75:43
duets humph
75:44
you got I so wait till this in your
75:47
Goodell fool wait since I remember I
75:49
ought to the white pom-pom girls is a
75:51
European alright Phyllis ammo inside I'm
75:54
John because the time windows that I ate
75:56
our old a exciting yet okay yeah mmm-hmm
76:03
okay very few mistakes
76:05
yeah
76:13
it should be on the a okay if that was a
76:16
if that was meant to be on the I I took
76:18
it that it was meant to be on the a
76:20
darkness is I a thank you anything else
76:25
all right I just mentioned that there
76:28
are rules for offensive but I'm not
76:31
going to ask you to learn them you can
76:33
find them online I put a link up
76:34
yesterday or something recently I think
76:36
it was yesterday and there are rules for
76:39
it but what you should do is ping me the
76:42
native speaker the guy in geofences you
76:44
know Melissa got nanny Joe Finn okay all
76:47
right anything else yeah
76:50
that should be one word yes darns the
76:58
type a hiya peen woman Josephine so John
77:01
one day you and mean good question okay
77:04
you wait type hey that's it
77:05
wait well Maj so that's wait Giles lingo
77:08
I go to walk he in function the sheet on
77:10
you read about it in the pages right did
77:12
you read the web pages then you know
77:14
about wait Giles that's where Taipei
77:15
comes from so of course we use the real
77:17
pronunciation what else yeah yes they do
77:25
that they do that what we're gonna even
77:27
teach out but yes they do they
77:29
capitalize names they capitalize the
77:30
first letter of a sentence day what else
77:33
yeah
77:37
I may have missed something
77:44
what's this you your brain picked a
77:51
synonym for June right boot gene it's
77:54
also a very good way to say it but
77:55
that's not what they said that happens
77:57
in your native language that's a good
77:58
proof when you read the English right
78:01
and it says and it says pretty but you
78:03
say beautiful right it's going through
78:05
your filter you just put it through your
78:07
filter in your native language we all do
78:08
that all of us do that we memorize
78:10
something we repeat it but then we
78:12
remember the meaning much better than we
78:14
remember the actual words okay anything
78:15
else how you male all good questions
78:18
excellent
78:20
oh we finished wow that's great and it's
78:23
almost chakra you're gonna get a new
78:25
assignment though all right that's it
78:28
and be ready for the test on Monday
78:29
we'll see you then