Transcript


00:18
so I'm going to go over a couple of
00:20
things that everybody needs to know
00:25
today we're going to go over the
00:27
exercises for chapter 5 the written and
00:30
the performance exercises and we will
00:33
continue in chapter 4 in the textbook
00:36
and I'm going to mention a few other
00:38
things first of all I hang on I have to
00:42
find another piece of paper here I wrote
00:45
originally that we're going to do how to
00:47
transcribe Mandarin and IPA today but
00:50
we're too busy today and there's a lot
00:52
of stuff going on so we'll do that on
00:53
Wednesday so for Wednesday and by the
00:56
way to remind you again all of this
00:58
stuff is on the syllabus page for the
01:01
class some of you didn't find out until
01:03
like a week ago or two weeks ago that we
01:05
even have a syllabus page with the
01:06
assignments written on it it's only up
01:08
to date usually to the current week that
01:11
means if it's Monday then it'll be up to
01:13
date for monday and wednesday the stuff
01:15
after it is not up to date don't look at
01:17
that but for the week that we are
01:19
currently in it will usually be up to
01:21
date so remember that it's page 1 of
01:24
phonetics one on the website I asked you
01:28
to bring a handout and that's pages
01:31
three and four of the piece by leeuwen
01:34
gelatin on phonetic detail of mandarin
01:38
chinese mandarin ok mandarin chinese so
01:41
make sure you print out those two pages
01:43
nally on yeah eating out in July I hope
01:46
that I sound cook because we're going to
01:47
work on those on Wednesday we're going
01:50
to learn how to it'll be one style it's
01:53
not the only style remember that when
01:55
we're doing transcription we're always
01:57
talking about choices you make certain
01:59
choices for a certain purpose if you
02:00
remember that from the textbook
02:02
sometimes we want a more broad
02:04
transcriptions sometimes you want more
02:05
phonetic detail for mandarin we're going
02:08
to compromise we're going to put some
02:09
phonetic detail in there that I
02:11
personally think is important but
02:13
overall it's a relatively broad
02:15
transcription that's what we're going to
02:17
do starting on Wednesday make sure you
02:19
have that handout so you have a guide
02:21
helping you to know what symbols to use
02:24
for for transcribing mandarin
02:28
in addition i told you in class very
02:32
recently that you needed to write an
02:35
evaluation for this class and the
02:38
details are now on the website can you
02:43
see this here it says end of semester
02:46
evaluation this is on the syllabus page
02:49
you in a part 1 evaluate the class
02:52
textbook teacher ta syllabus homework
02:54
assignments the filming tell us what was
02:58
most and least useful in the class what
03:00
things could be improved and how they
03:02
could be improved everything about the
03:04
class is part one are to evaluate
03:06
yourself did you come did you come on
03:09
time did you hand in your homework did
03:11
you learn a lot from the class how much
03:14
effort did you put into the class etc
03:15
you evaluate yourself part three your
03:19
plan for continuing to learn English on
03:21
your own and also to continue in
03:24
phonetics and linguistics how are you
03:26
going to do that and some of you are not
03:28
particularly interested in linguistics
03:29
so you'll say well I'm really not that
03:32
crazy about linguistics but I'm going to
03:33
work hard on translation i'm very
03:35
interested in translation or i'm very
03:37
interested in teaching foreigners
03:39
chinese or in teaching english or
03:42
whatever it is whatever your own
03:44
situation is your plan for improving on
03:46
your own because school is not enough
03:49
classes are not enough they only give
03:51
you some ideas of things to work on
03:52
maybe you haven't that maybe you haven't
03:54
thought of before so part 3 how you're
03:57
going to continue proof improving your
03:59
English and progressing in your studies
04:02
particularly phonetics and linguistics
04:04
but if that's not your thing whatever it
04:06
is that you're interested in part 4
04:08
remember to give a new a new essay on
04:12
how you feel about the recording that
04:14
you made at the beginning of the
04:16
semester you already wrote one essay at
04:18
the time now after a lot of training
04:20
your ears should be much more sensitive
04:22
and you've changed some habits from
04:23
before listen to it again you may find
04:26
some surprises you think wow I used to
04:29
do that but now I do it this way and I
04:31
sound
04:31
better so again right your reactions to
04:34
your feedback on the recording you made
04:37
at the beginning of the semester part
04:39
two is a summary of your class notes
04:42
you've taken a lot of class notes in
04:43
this class and handed them in so this is
04:46
just a way of consolidating what you
04:49
have learned in this class what we have
04:50
covered so organize it into one file and
04:55
you probably have something that's
04:57
repeated over and over again you keep
04:59
getting corrected on the same thing or
05:00
some things mentioned in class more than
05:03
once but it didn't really sink in the
05:04
first time so you can Clippy may shake
05:07
jana dong she put them all into one
05:09
category in one part of the summary you
05:11
can give a few examples but I don't need
05:13
tons of detail you don't have to put in
05:15
every bit of detail because you have
05:16
very long notes I want them organized
05:18
only change our charity we ought to be
05:22
in you get to be more now home and go to
05:24
ho ho means I to avoid sit make it up
05:27
make it organized okay so that's what
05:33
you need to do for the evaluation in
05:35
addition make sure that you also you
05:38
also evaluate each of your classes
05:39
online for the university I will get to
05:42
see the results of those but they don't
05:43
give me enough detail this is the part
05:46
that helps me immediately I get it from
05:48
you and I can use this to help me plan
05:50
the class next semester and understand
05:53
how you're doing this semester how you
05:54
have been doing okay this is all clear
05:56
yes I need feedback Thank You Stanley
05:59
how about the rest of you good thank you
06:04
next the Jennifer Jenkins video i put
06:11
the link to that on facebook and also
06:14
here you can see it right up in number 7
06:17
so if you haven't watched that it's not
06:19
long it's very easy to understand and as
06:23
I mentioned in class I agree with her
06:25
many of the things she says but we part
06:28
ways at a certain point listen to the
06:30
video so you have a clear explanation
06:31
from her herself about her thinking on
06:35
pronunciation teaching how far somebody
06:38
needs to go and learning prince
06:40
creation how much the listener is
06:42
expected to do when interacting with
06:45
somebody who's English whose native
06:46
language is not English so I want you to
06:48
listen to that carefully and objectively
06:51
I have my own opinion in both cases its
06:54
opinion but compare the two and then
06:56
decide what you think there may be
06:58
questions about it in the final because
07:00
this is a really key issue she has sort
07:03
of started a large movement of this idea
07:09
of lingua english as a lingua franca in
07:11
other words we simplify English are we
07:14
adapt English to the needs of each group
07:17
of learners depending on their own
07:20
cultural experience and background and
07:23
to a certain extent we have to do that
07:25
but i think we differ in how far we have
07:27
to go in allowing people to make their
07:31
own rules in English basically I believe
07:33
we should have a standard variety that
07:34
we teach and everybody should aim for
07:36
that and then beyond that point it's up
07:39
to you but you shooting for a standard
07:41
variety okay there's a new sugar article
07:45
and I mentioned it to you before
07:47
mentioning it again it's on final s and
07:51
final ed endings also on final s when
07:54
it's not an ending is a very brief part
07:56
on that but basically it's on the rules
07:58
that we've already learned you can see
08:00
that here in I'm sorry yeah that's right
08:04
number seven is the number in the series
08:07
you've already read six articles this is
08:09
article number 7 in this series so s an
08:12
ED two eighths ammonia everybody read
08:15
that it will mainly be review but you
08:18
need to read that and put it in your
08:20
notes for next week put it in your notes
08:22
and assignment ok it's a girly by then
08:25
they could come on Shannon make a bt
08:28
eating a out so you can the John
08:30
Thea we've already learned the things
08:32
but it's a good review when when you're
08:34
reading out loud some of you still make
08:36
mistakes on this which means you haven't
08:38
quite internalized the rules yet some of
08:40
you so please read this carefully take
08:44
notes on it I think that covers all of
08:49
the little bits and pieces I want to
08:50
mention okay any questions we're going
08:55
to go to the exercise of exercises for
08:57
chapter five so get those ready
08:58
exercises for chapter five and we're
09:01
going to handles in today we usually
09:03
didn't hand them in right away before
09:04
because students usually like to keep
09:07
them to help them prepare for the
09:09
upcoming test but we are not having a
09:10
separate tests on chapters four and five
09:12
that material will be included and
09:14
covered in the final exam so here we go
09:17
and we're on page 131 your textbook I
09:24
have to juggle two textbooks because i
09:26
have my answers in an old text book an
09:28
old edition because yet exercises are
09:31
pretty much the same and again some of
09:35
the numbers and letters may have been
09:36
mixed up but we posted a corrected
09:39
version on facebook thanks to any tie
09:42
who's been helping us a lot so first of
09:46
all part 8 on page 131 it says makeup
09:49
pairs of phrases or sentences that show
09:51
how each of the following words can have
09:53
two different stress patterns I hope all
09:56
of you understand how this works
09:57
somebody asked me after class last
09:59
Wednesday about how this works and they
10:01
were quite surprised the example is
10:04
continental where is the stress which
10:07
syllable again the third syllable
10:12
continental continental so you could say
10:20
the atmosphere is very Continental I
10:22
just want to think of a sentence that
10:24
puts continental at the end and here it
10:26
says she's very Continental but if we
10:30
put a noun after it what happens here
10:32
breakfast is a compound and the stress
10:36
is at the beginning like a typical
10:38
compound and continental the stress in
10:42
this citation form is not at the end so
10:46
it's not as though the to the tooth
10:49
dresses crash into each other directly
10:51
it's not continent all that sounds
10:54
French okay cool tea-length I it's not
10:56
like that but continental continental
11:00
it's in the middle of this it's the what
11:02
do we call that syllable woman
11:04
oh shoot the Ergo in windsor mature we
11:06
mentioned in class before it's the
11:09
penultimate syllable also design in
11:12
hijita my anti penultimate right so
11:17
final syllable penultimate syllable
11:19
antepenultimate after antepenultimate we
11:22
start counting from from the start of
11:23
the word rather than the end because
11:25
we're already fell shitty Sangha go low
11:27
in kato chairman like I should strike so
11:29
here it's the penultimate syllable it's
11:31
quite close to the end and that last
11:33
syllable is just an unstressed away it's
11:37
an adjective ending so it's quite close
11:40
to this dress and breakfast so instead
11:43
of saying as in the sentence she's very
11:45
Continental we say it's a continental
11:49
breakfast and this reflects what latta
11:53
focus says in this chapter that do we
11:57
have such thing as primary and secondary
11:59
stress in a word according to latter
12:01
fuggin know what we have either stressed
12:08
or not stressed one syllable sounds more
12:11
prominent because it is the is everybody
12:15
follow me if you don't then rethink it
12:18
so it's clear in your head this is worth
12:19
getting clear in your head so
12:23
continental how many stresses do we have
12:28
continental we have to write we usually
12:32
ignore the secondary stress it sort of
12:35
happens naturally if you are reading
12:36
English with the correct rhythm so it's
12:40
not continental its continental we have
12:44
a kind of alternating of stresses in
12:47
long words in general we have an
12:49
alternating of stresses not necessarily
12:51
every other one maybe it's stress
12:53
unstressed unstressed so could be three
12:57
three syllables and two of them are
12:59
unstressed there are many patterns but
13:01
the point is we don't have to stresses
13:03
right next to each other or very close
13:04
to each other in a long word we usually
13:08
have more than once actual stressed we
13:10
only care about the primary one that's
13:12
the one we need to pee
13:13
mention too however there are other
13:15
stresses and according to ladder fo'get
13:17
they have equal status either stressed
13:21
or not stress Milonakis with Julie other
13:23
domain Nagas it's ajani Arthur Shaw do
13:26
we all decided we ought to tell me the
13:28
reason it is the primary stresses
13:30
because what makes it the primary stress
13:37
continental why is men so much higher
13:39
than pas because it carries the tonic
13:45
stress we got it very good tonic stress
13:47
or tonic accent if we say tonic accent
13:50
it reminds us that it's at the sentence
13:52
level it's not at the word level so
13:54
because it's at the end of a phrase as
13:56
it would be for example in a citation
13:59
form it's going to be much higher
14:01
because that's the way tonic accent or
14:03
tonic stress works continental it's
14:06
higher because it is a tonic stress but
14:09
Khan also has a stress which means if to
14:12
stresses get too close together and we
14:15
want to avoid that we can push the
14:17
stress back more towards the beginning
14:20
of the word and do we have another
14:22
stress at the beginning of the word that
14:24
we can use for that what is it
14:29
continental mentals the psychology
14:31
breakfast continental breakfast niggas
14:34
it tention I'm answer because those two
14:37
stresses are too close together
14:38
continental breakfast Tata Tata Tata TTI
14:41
woman Tina hibou shofu because in
14:43
English we like da da dr. answer because
14:48
she lies down dirty it's all on pushing
14:50
one hunter ano na kahin jg domine so
14:54
continental breakfast nigga and
14:56
packaging breakfast a break so is there
14:59
another stress towards the beginning of
15:01
the word to where we can move that
15:04
stress on net to a nice an NGO three
15:07
other Johnny because the taiko deep
15:09
breath on me up behind nigga Twitter
15:11
mali chi con that's right so instead of
15:15
saying continental breakfast we say
15:17
continental breakfast in that way those
15:20
two stresses are farther apart
15:23
and English speakers like that much
15:26
better we just don't like stresses to be
15:27
so close together so for those of you
15:31
who weren't really clear what was going
15:32
on in this exercise does that make it
15:35
clear now Pantilimon all right because
15:38
one of you asked me after class last
15:40
time it occurred to me that a lot of you
15:43
may not understand it because we
15:44
mentioned it very briefly in class but
15:46
maybe not everybody got it really
15:48
clearly so this exercise is designed to
15:52
help you understand better how this
15:55
works so whose turn okay do we have the
16:01
camera ready yes ok what's your example
16:03
here the first one afternoon she usually
16:07
sleeps India afternoon that's good she
16:11
usually sleeps in the afternoon and and
16:16
the actor in the afternoon high said so
16:19
he's a nap first in the first example
16:24
it's week she usually sleeps in the
16:27
afternoon yeah but the way you're saying
16:29
it where is the main stress yeah I noon
16:32
I thought you I heard you say it was on
16:35
Act afternoon and that's a comment on
16:37
English mistake because in many speech
16:40
contest that I've judged the first
16:43
sentence already eating cold fella
16:45
ladies and gentlemen good afternoon I
16:48
hear that many many many times in speech
16:51
contests or I have heard I should say so
16:54
good afternoon should be good afternoon
16:57
and I don't know if it's because you're
16:59
taught that the main stress is on earth
17:01
but it's not an aft it's on noon
17:03
afternoon afternoon everybody's good
17:06
afternoon not after there's an earlier
17:09
by the way good afternoon right and
17:13
don't say noon so here's a noon it's
17:15
noon noon falooda no no no try it again
17:19
good afternoon that's better so the
17:23
original stress in the citation form is
17:26
on known and put that in your notes if
17:29
you had it wrong before because in
17:30
Taiwan I hear that was pronounced look
17:33
very very commonly so let's do
17:36
one one more time start again she
17:40
usually sleeps in the afternoon in the
17:43
afternoon and it's not noon by the way
17:45
though this sometimes happens it happens
17:47
even with native speakers you ain't no
17:50
good new example Finland soy yo show how
17:52
want me just say via noon good noon the
17:55
waiting down new insulin friends who'll
17:56
but you hear it quite often now and a
17:59
lot of native speakers are not even
18:00
aware of it so after you know and she
18:02
usually sleeps in the afternoon and and
18:04
we're having afternoon key we're having
18:07
afternoon tea and that's the most
18:09
familiar I think so that people in
18:12
Taiwan will think of because it's really
18:13
popular now right okay we're having
18:15
afternoon tea we don't say afternoon tea
18:18
that's very awkward we're having
18:20
afternoon tea you have to put a pause
18:22
there to make it work at all and even
18:24
with a pause it sounds very odd we don't
18:27
say it that way it's afternoon tea good
18:29
afternoon afternoon tea come on Thor
18:33
change Wilma that's a very good example
18:34
let's go on next one and why don't you
18:37
take one more example so we don't have
18:38
to keep changing so often next one
18:41
artificial okay where's the stress be
18:43
careful artificial mm-hmm it's usually
18:47
artificial for example in these sentence
18:49
it is a nice dresses on which syllable
18:51
50t cheaper decent good design go good
18:54
okay but in artificial snow it's on the
18:59
first all right so artificial that looks
19:01
so artificial context understand how its
19:04
yeah I gentle in seven isn't all mushy
19:06
but artificial snow just rinse out
19:10
it looks so artificial artificial
19:14
artificial snow good all right let's
19:17
change people now diplomatic um the
19:22
first s is on Matt mm-hmm China is now
19:26
eagerly establishing diplomatic
19:28
relations oh we need one of them oh I
19:31
see you're doing that second I'd like to
19:33
do the citation for first let's switch
19:34
around to the side
19:35
tation form first okay oh um this
19:38
problem is diplomatic it's still
19:43
listicle II it's a little funny but it's
19:44
okay he's very diplomatic tequila nigger
19:50
in fate Hondo white y'all I'm yo wha
19:53
just a cold tagging ha ha ha I'm wait
19:58
I'm way down halfway does region so he's
20:01
very diplomatic and in a in a phrase
20:04
what would it be uh China is now eagerly
20:08
establishing diplomatic relations with
20:11
other countries good and from diplomatic
20:13
stress on third syllable the switch that
20:15
sorry this dress has shifted to write
20:19
diplomatic relations diplomatic
20:22
relations you can still hear a bit of a
20:24
stress on the mat but did now has taken
20:28
over the main stress in this right in
20:31
this race so diplomatic relations
20:33
diplomatic relations and the next one is
20:36
well pleased um absolute morning dude
20:38
absentee booty absent-minded absolute
20:41
marine do it okay she is absolutely
20:45
that's fine a simple sentence will do to
20:48
get the citation for him she's very
20:51
absent-minded absent you can still hear
20:55
the other stress on AB absent-minded
20:58
she's very absent-minded haha jun hwa
21:02
had just said Tom wait to sign finishing
21:06
she forgets she forgets her umbrella her
21:09
pen she's absent mine because she's
21:11
thinking about something else and in a
21:13
phrase he's an absent minded person okay
21:17
that's very good he's an absent minded
21:19
person absent minded person and the
21:23
really common cliche using absent minded
21:26
in English is anybody know there's a
21:29
movie with this title this gets a bit
21:35
personal here absent-minded professor
21:39
absent-minded professor and I expect
21:41
professor
21:42
to have pretty good minds except because
21:44
they're always thinking deeply about
21:46
something they're interested in what
21:48
often happens to them just simple Sean
21:50
woods and yeah holds a cult Ola okay no
21:55
why isn't it good yeah this is just a
21:58
busy day the third a till ninety pods
22:01
are some points on CT at happy to we
22:03
because they're thinking about something
22:04
else that's an absent-minded professor
22:06
and same person next one as well the boy
22:10
can first read the item new New York huh
22:14
New York New York care and watch your
22:18
our new york AI know that your yeah
22:20
you're working with you're concentrating
22:22
on a British English and in British
22:24
English be new york new york new york
22:28
because why do we stress the you're very
22:35
simple reason is this a compound no
22:40
because it's just an adjective right
22:44
even though it's the name of a city and
22:45
a state it's still not a compound it's
22:49
just an adjective and i went to a
22:52
performance on saturday of the of a
22:55
Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens and
22:57
one of the actors was Taiwanese and
23:00
who's the little boy in A Christmas
23:02
Carol who is very sick you guys know
23:07
what Christmas Carol don't you what's
23:10
his name a little he's the thray cuz it
23:15
slip away Tiny Tim that's right and do
23:18
we say Tiny Tim or tiny tim is it a
23:23
compound or not no so how do we say it
23:28
Tiny Tim that's right but the actress
23:30
kept saying Tiny Tim oh how is tiny to
23:33
him and you know as a teacher teaching
23:36
this stuff it drove me crazy it the
23:38
favorite day that compound wanted yes
23:42
and I talked to one of the other actors
23:44
in the in the performance and they said
23:47
yes they didn't have enough time to give
23:48
this person coaching her English is not
23:50
bad but as I said in the article
23:52
the new jello shooters the gel not just
23:54
in Taiwan in many countries they don't
23:56
know this at all Shangguan Yun boots
23:58
erotica for her means to the Joe mean so
24:01
tiny tim it's not a compound sometimes
24:05
in which a long would you put compounds
24:07
dress on something that is not a
24:08
compound but New York Leonardo Jong II
24:11
York has the the tonic stress so your
24:14
examples the boy came from New York the
24:18
boy came from New York I like comes from
24:20
he's still hearing the word comes from
24:22
New York and I'll come back in you in
24:25
New York mini minute I'll come back I'll
24:30
come back yeah in New York minute
24:32
everybody please add this to your notes
24:34
took us a little wider but it's very
24:35
important I think we've mentioned it but
24:37
i'm not sure and i haven't put it in the
24:39
shoe the articles yet you're nodding Amy
24:41
what are we talking about it's in the
24:44
notes that you've got good for you
24:48
that's okay what is this particular kind
24:54
of mistake or what kind of structure do
24:56
we have here come back so Simeon de good
24:59
you guys change it phrasal verb right
25:04
this is a phrasal verb and which part is
25:07
stressed both are stressed I don't mix
25:11
that up some people think the first ones
25:12
not stressed but they are both stressed
25:14
but back sounds more prominent because
25:16
it carries the tonics dress you see how
25:19
important tonic stress or tonic accent
25:21
is there are many shelter tonic stresses
25:24
often in a sentence it works like a
25:27
hierarchy just like those trees that you
25:30
drew in syntax class so you put hometown
25:33
suit just a tensor Drake all this it's a
25:35
good cheese eat jaan liya the last
25:37
stressed syllable in the whole sentence
25:39
is the main tonics dress code you don't
25:42
cry way you handle Zelda tonics dress
25:43
four hits the jovial tonic stress and in
25:47
this case to come back kamado Johnny and
25:53
phrasal verbs saw me that the argot
25:55
unfunny the shoots to the puffins so
25:56
your tonics dress so it sounds it sounds
25:58
higher more prominent so one more time
26:03
I'll come back in New York minute you're
26:07
missing an article otherwise it's an i
26:09
sentence in the New York thank you you
26:12
got it I'll come back I'd like be back
26:15
by the way be back on how I'll be back
26:17
in a New York minute I'll be back in a
26:22
New York liana dojo mean minute okay
26:27
remember chaconne Gonzaga fans I mean
26:30
sedici amia yeah I'm gonna borrow your
26:32
marriage only like a family meeting a
26:35
world leader monday evening done done
26:38
jeremy is a shikon future home ada choi
26:41
minho polio so this is an example of
26:43
that new york minute what's a new york
26:47
minute germ uh it's a very short period
26:50
of time the Fate uncle antoine decision
26:53
on New York minute because the people in
26:55
New York is not are known as being very
26:56
very busy in a hurry and that's true of
27:00
type a people as well and that's why so
27:02
many people one of the reasons why so
27:04
many people think Taipei feels a lot
27:05
like New York and it's really true yea
27:07
high rates in the owner you had to wait
27:09
doc in many good ways and many neither
27:11
good nor bad ways they're just quite
27:12
similar so a New York minute let's go on
27:15
Part B we're going to go through these
27:17
fairly quickly i think i will just go
27:19
through these with you because they're
27:20
not that big of a deal and some of these
27:23
pronunciations are not really common
27:25
some i never heard before i did these
27:27
articles more than 10 years ago so Part
27:30
B is about a hundred years ago the
27:32
following words had stress as shown some
27:34
of them still do for some people but
27:36
many of them in Peter latter focus
27:38
speech all of them are stressed
27:40
differently nowadays transcribe these
27:41
words and show the stress on each of
27:43
them in your own speech then state a
27:45
general rule describing this tendency
27:47
for the position of the stress to change
27:50
to a particular syllable I'm going to go
27:52
through the examples and we'll stay
27:53
focused on Jerome and you can answer the
27:55
question at the end the first one is
27:57
nigga toshio teen naked I'll talk to you
28:02
that's the stuff they put on pizzas and
28:06
spaghetti if you like it and it used to
28:10
be called anchovy and I think I did hear
28:12
that when I was young
28:13
sometimes anchovy but now we say anchovy
28:17
very good the next one abdomen I believe
28:20
I also did here when I was younger but
28:22
not even then not that commonly it
28:25
sounded like a mispronunciation go ahead
28:27
abdomen that's right abdomen abdomen
28:31
she's a youngish logically abdomen and
28:34
abdomen toko Edith all the stress is now
28:36
in the first syllable the next one some
28:39
people still say applicable this is not
28:41
applicable to the problem we're talking
28:42
about I meant older but i don't really
28:45
like it and that's not the way i say it
28:47
what's the other pronunciation
28:49
applicable applicable and please learn
28:51
that one it sounds more educated to my
28:54
ears so maybe other people feel
28:55
similarly applicable the next one the
28:58
next one in British English is still
29:01
usually pronounced control the sea
29:03
control the sea in British and that's
29:06
what I hear on the BBC it's what I hear
29:09
from my teacher control the sea and in
29:11
American we say no controversy because
29:17
Jerome is working on British English so
29:20
that's probably what you're used to
29:21
controversy in American controversy
29:24
controversy and British controversy in
29:27
American and the next one nomenclature
29:30
nomenclature this is a tons of gold it's
29:33
on your shoe and it's it it just means a
29:35
system for giving things names just gay
29:39
you don't she rington that you could
29:41
took a sheet hometown nomenclature but
29:44
now we say nomenclature nomenclature the
29:47
next one used to be trachea but I did
29:49
not hear that when I was young I never
29:52
heard that until i think when i saw this
29:54
textbook exercise so turquia we say
29:57
trachea good etiquette I never heard
30:01
also even though it's a French word and
30:03
fairly recent a fairly recent import
30:06
somewhat recent I'm assuming and we
30:09
stress French words in English and
30:11
American English usually on which
30:12
syllable on the final syllable massage
30:16
garage plateau etc we tend to stress
30:21
French imports French loan words in
30:23
American English on the finals
30:25
a little but if it's a very old French
30:28
long than we don't for example market I
30:31
believe came from French but that's a
30:33
very old word and in British English
30:36
it's different because they don't say
30:38
plateau they say plateau they don't say
30:40
massage they say massage so in British
30:43
English they don't follow this rule of
30:45
stress on the final syllable they
30:46
usually stress it toward the beginning
30:47
in British so here we have at a cat I
30:51
never heard that I say etiquette
30:53
etiquette I cannot attack at either it's
30:56
a schwa etiquette good the second one
30:58
replica I never heard we say replica
31:02
right the next one vagaari I never heard
31:05
we say vagary means something that is
31:10
trans is transient Joseph yasuyoshi
31:14
shadow find me at the dome she is a
31:16
vagary he shouted Julia because he chose
31:18
in your boots I yoben I answer
31:21
blasphemous I heard when I was young
31:23
because I went to a Christian school we
31:25
used that word a lot actually bliss
31:27
phemus what we say now blasphemous
31:30
blasphemous next to acumen i still hear
31:38
this acumen as possible it's again it's
31:41
a very high level word we do use it but
31:44
Santa Hamid Gul de now we say acumen and
31:48
it's commonly used in the phrase
31:50
business acumen so the fool it's the
31:53
homecomin Dromio da minha business
31:55
acumen just meat sauce honey honey honey
31:58
hi honey all set honey Oh George I need
32:01
a tone out he has business acumen that's
32:04
a very useful phrase and geron what's
32:06
the rule that you found do you have a
32:09
rule it's pretty easy to generalize
32:11
because what did we do in all cases well
32:14
mostly pretty much all cases most was
32:17
that have the stress in the second
32:21
syllable originally the stress changed
32:27
to the first syllable first syllable
32:31
first syllable right I found out oh
32:35
these words are
32:37
oles word i'll have all have three
32:41
syllables syllables syllabus and they
32:44
just moved from the second to the first
32:48
so is it the one of the condition is
32:52
those words which have three syllables
32:57
how about the fifth word about the fifth
33:03
word I have fourth right okay in general
33:09
you're right all the rest do you have
33:11
three syllables okay three or more
33:15
that's right in these particular words
33:17
that they chose these are words where a
33:19
shift has occurred it doesn't mean that
33:21
all three syllable words experience this
33:24
kind of shift but in these particular
33:25
words that they chose for this for this
33:28
exercise the stress for all of them is
33:31
on the first syllable yeah I don't know
33:34
if that answered your question but
33:35
you're trying to generalize it right
33:37
they are all three syllables one is for
33:39
so three syllables or more but it's a
33:42
specially selected list of words so
33:44
don't try to generalize it to all three
33:45
syllable words I saw I'm warning you up
33:48
okay any other comments or questions
33:51
let's continue next reader please this
33:56
one is very basic to English of a
33:59
certain class of words which class of
34:03
words is that that experiences these
34:05
kinds of stress shifts shift since dress
34:07
we mentioned it in class before is it
34:10
all English words that do this or what
34:12
particular kinds of English words can
34:18
you answer that question yeah good no I
34:24
want you to answer the question first
34:25
sorry okay yeah I know you're busy there
34:28
so we have a specific class of words in
34:32
which the stress often switches from one
34:37
syllable to another syllable depending
34:39
on what part of speech it is so it will
34:42
have for example photograph or the noun
34:44
form photography for the abstract noun
34:49
so so your total means photography and
34:52
then we find the stress goes even
34:55
further right for the adjective form
34:57
photographic a photographic memory hide
35:01
yo yo hmm nah but this is this picture
35:04
looks photographic you could say maybe
35:06
so photograph photography photographic
35:11
they all have the same route right they
35:13
all have the same stem photograph but we
35:17
see the stress moving when it becomes a
35:20
different part of speech but what class
35:23
of words is this mainly true of mainly
35:26
which class of words in English is this
35:27
true of this kind of shifted stress from
35:30
one part of speech to another or from
35:31
one meaning to another one type of word
35:33
to another anybody what class of words
35:38
from French sometimes from French if
35:44
it's a recent French long we will
35:47
remember that the stress is usually on
35:48
the final syllable but these are not
35:51
necessarily through French they go back
35:53
to the source namely Greek and Latin
35:56
yeah French is a Romance language that
36:00
means it descended directly from Latin
36:02
and Greek is informed another branch of
36:06
the indo-european family Greek Sicily
36:09
Hellenic mohona romance just laughed and
36:12
hung latin hold I the whole died
36:14
initiate Union but words that are
36:18
composed of Latin and Greek elements so
36:21
words from Latin and Greek they
36:24
typically will show this kind of will
36:27
exhibit this kind of stress in I'm sorry
36:30
shift in where the stress occurs when we
36:33
go from one part of speech to another so
36:36
these are mainly while I you from which
36:39
languages Latin and Greek we usually say
36:43
Latin and Greek instead of Greek and
36:45
Latin okay Latin and Greek the Romans
36:47
copied a lot or borrowed a lot from the
36:49
Greeks but we just say Latin and Greek
36:51
pedestrian so mainly mainly words that
36:55
are from Latin and Greek will have this
36:58
kind of shift and stress dramatic words
37:01
usually don't enjoy
37:02
words first of all the endless accent
37:06
vocabulary way back in early times let's
37:09
say around the year between 500 and the
37:12
Year 1100 was mainly monosyllabic so
37:17
Diane GI way to Queenie to die in jail
37:20
Rachel but when all of these foreign
37:22
words came in French words and mainly
37:24
French i was in the 12th century level
37:26
century then we started having a
37:30
different type of word and it was a word
37:33
in which we experienced this kind of
37:35
shift in stress which syllable is
37:37
stressed ok so you don't find that with
37:40
a native German vocabulary manic
37:42
vocabulary we all salute gun will join
37:45
me inside Josh it's a three outs away so
37:48
show them down those will not usually be
37:51
stressed sooo good pension Joe's about
37:53
it how you edit owe me that's the total
37:55
of anglo-saxon vocabulary women really
37:57
and it gets a silk way so there are
37:59
minded yeah its way Joe mean boy
38:01
champion I been cheetah so laddie once
38:05
you got wonder why I each have a chancer
38:07
ok that's all clear just so you know
38:09
what's going on here and go ahead can
38:11
you give me some examples Froning
38:15
phonology mm-hmm from the logic your
38:19
phonological phonological is better yes
38:21
ok so phony and phonology phoning
38:27
phonology phonological that's very much
38:30
like the photograph example can you give
38:32
us another one psycho psychology
38:36
psychologic co very good nigga Elsa data
38:39
so psycho that's a you for somebody
38:42
who's crazy and I we probably have that
38:45
towards the front of our mind right now
38:48
with the recent events in the u.s. a
38:50
psycho somebody who's crazy so psycho
38:53
psychology psychological do you have one
38:57
more I'm not sure the first caller is
39:01
correct below second is column and
39:03
column yeah philosophy and philosophical
39:08
okay philosophy philosophical 3dr candy
39:12
sinus of data we don't really have one I
39:14
can't think of one for column one but
39:16
for two and three that's fine okay do we
39:19
have another example here Callie grove
39:25
Callie barfi no we don't have
39:27
calligraphic girl now okay but your
39:30
second for the second column I think
39:31
your example is okay in cali cruel trick
39:35
calligraphy for column two calligraphic
39:38
for column three calligraphic is not
39:40
that comment but it's possible so
39:42
calligraphy calligraphic do you have a
39:44
better example that has a column one
39:45
example oh ok ok movie autonomy told me
39:53
uh-huh I don't make autonomic that's
39:59
also not so common autonomous tone tan
40:01
Josiah Sheila autonomy autonomous round
40:04
oh Yeon the joint autonomy autonomous
40:07
yeah I'll give you a couple that I have
40:09
from other years so medicate or medicine
40:12
dr got medicinal joseph and medication
40:18
medicaid or medicine medicinal
40:21
medication another example patron
40:25
paternal paternalistic in Yamaha Mina
40:31
president preside or preside rather
40:35
presidential president preside
40:38
presidential how about simple simplistic
40:43
simplification those are my examples
40:46
anybody have a good example you want to
40:48
contribute yeah
40:58
socialize for the third one stresses
41:00
stresses on the first syllable the first
41:02
two are fine socialization there we go
41:05
okay that's good let's get through the
41:07
next one quickly Part D to save time I'm
41:16
just going to give you a list why don't
41:18
you just check off because we're going
41:20
to come up with mostly the same things
41:21
for this one and I'll just tell you what
41:25
i have here and these are worth noting
41:33
down okay first of all the the word
41:40
itself and then strong form weak form
41:43
example the words i have everybody ready
41:45
of 0 f strong form is of weak form root
41:50
an example of weak form one of these one
41:53
of the one of one of all right in strong
41:57
form mmm a hole in one a hole in one mmm
42:02
ar ar ar e you are there so strong form
42:06
are weak form herb and what are you
42:09
doing what are what are you doing what
42:12
are you doing and is strong form is weak
42:17
form azores it like what is he up to
42:21
what is he up to what is he up to or her
42:26
this or that this sir that this sir that
42:31
with a schwa a roadside schwa from from
42:37
he's from here he's from from instead of
42:41
he's from here he's from here from aisle
42:46
o is the weak form I'll go first I'll go
42:51
first I'll go first on n or n it's on
42:57
top of the book it's on top of the book
43:01
we're were we're done no no not yet
43:05
actually
43:06
okay we're done don't take it too
43:09
seriously here could is the full form
43:12
the strong form could he could trot he
43:16
could try he could could could he could
43:19
try so those are mine I want to keep
43:22
going just to do a few more before break
43:24
the next one is two examples of each of
43:29
the following kinds of assimilations one
43:31
of the examples involving a change
43:33
within a word the other involving a
43:34
change across word boundaries this idea
43:37
of changes happening across word
43:40
boundaries is an important one in
43:42
phonetics and phonology so keep that
43:43
that phrase in mind a crossword found
43:47
boundaries we also quad flute the grades
43:50
of grenada grades of boo Yong yo should
43:52
help me out make a tribute sorry in each
43:57
case show the words in orthography just
44:00
means spelling orthography is dispelling
44:02
eat banda pings upon an associate in
44:05
England and in a narrow phonetic
44:07
transcription as in the examples even if
44:10
you yourself do not say assimilations of
44:12
the kind Illustrated makeup plausible
44:14
plausible means you're a foodie de
44:16
secretion shall de salida drill holy de
44:20
that's plausible believable examples we
44:23
have heard all the examples given we
44:25
meaning the author's at the time it was
44:27
probably just Peter Ladd fo good so
44:30
input in the example we go from an
44:34
alveolar consonants to a bilabial input
44:37
input and in British English at some
44:40
halls some pools some pools and British
44:42
English so some holes this but I don't
44:46
say it that way in American because I'm
44:48
from a city called st. Paul nobody says
44:51
some pole we say st. Paul woman Mayo
44:53
downs at at home la st. Paul make sure
44:56
the e-mail dissolving I I don't so st.
44:59
Paul st. Paul I may have a glottal stop
45:02
Snape say but I don't have an end st.
45:05
Paul mail st. Paul all right um next
45:08
reader um I have a inbox for the first
45:14
one how do you spell
45:15
I am box it's a kind of charming email
45:21
that inbox inbox I was trying to think
45:25
of young cuz it John to I inbox but it
45:28
put it in the back okay that gives me
45:30
the second I didn't even think of that
45:31
but you're right no I use one look okay
45:35
so the words kind of weird it's in my
45:37
inbox that's fine okay inbox in SMS yeah
45:41
that's okay yeah and the second ones can
45:44
buy in um I can I can buy it something i
45:49
can buy it yet that's okay yeah it's
45:51
good and how about the next one so we're
45:54
going from an alveolar to a dental I
45:56
have 18 18 18 okay and the second one is
46:03
when they when day that's fine everybody
46:06
gets the idea why don't you just finish
46:08
it up so we can get through this a
46:11
change from an alveolar constant to a
46:13
velar constant this is very very common
46:14
just about any end and this can go in
46:17
your notes if there's an N in spelling
46:20
but there's no C or K after it homey and
46:22
mayo see you at me okay we get n G by
46:25
the sound goes it in who's the ink suits
46:27
agenda in mmm all right but if there is
46:32
a C or a que after it it is usually in
46:34
for example SI NK is not sink it's sink
46:38
and synchronous megadose e so in a
46:42
spelling if you see n plus C + + k you
46:45
can use one look to find many words like
46:47
that they will usually be a velar nasal
46:49
examples um the first 1i have bank bank
46:56
is fine and second one is in game in
47:00
game yeah like in a ball game or
47:03
something in game usually would say in a
47:06
game are in the game but it's okay
47:08
phonetically it's fine in game it's an
47:11
in-game decision maybe I don't know so
47:14
in game is good enough it works how
47:16
about the last one here a change from a
47:17
voiceless consonant to a voiced
47:19
consonant and this one is easy with
47:22
tease go ahead I have water and battered
47:26
water and add
47:28
yes one of them we need to quad sit oh
47:31
oh sorry so maybe it is it is it isn't
47:39
it is I think it's a closet teeway bids
47:42
on tab is that right it is it isn't and
47:45
then we have he's given you two
47:49
different ways of representing it either
47:50
with a Dior with a tap and because we're
47:54
concentrating on American English don't
47:56
use the D use the tab Brits often can't
47:59
tell the difference but Americans can
48:01
they may not have phonetic training but
48:04
they'll think it's weird if you like
48:05
them the d I think we need a break let's
48:10
take a break here and then finish after
48:12
break okay the next exercise is part f
48:16
you just need to give five more examples
48:19
of assimilation and we'll have to
48:21
readers give their answers choose
48:24
examples as different as possible from
48:26
any that have been given before they
48:29
just want you to think more think
48:33
further and not just take what's given
48:34
to you our brains are really really lazy
48:36
our system to brain as described in
48:40
Thinking Fast and Slow we as soon as we
48:43
see something difficult we resisted so
48:44
he's trying to push you to get over that
48:46
resistance and think of other things
48:48
that haven't been mentioned yet so our
48:50
next greeter please okay the first rule
48:53
the first example I have is the epen
48:58
appendices in chapter 3 and for example
49:03
the word some something mm-hmm and a
49:07
voiceless stop will be added to the word
49:10
up between a nasal and a voiceless
49:13
fricative very good that is an example
49:15
of assimilation we've got something
49:17
happening there because a sound is
49:19
becoming more like another sound and in
49:22
this case it's wool doncha yo we didn't
49:24
have that stop there at all alright
49:26
another one and the second example is
49:32
approximants after voiceless stop like
49:36
patoka will be partially voiceless like
49:40
please okay that's fine that's another
49:42
kind of assimilation good let's go to
49:45
our next reader I'll just quickly give
49:48
you some that I have I have the plurals
49:52
rule that we've talked about in that
49:55
I've just given you a new article on so
49:59
books but words the final s is subject
50:04
to rules of assimilation if the final
50:06
sound is voiceless we say if it's voice
50:10
we say so books but words but bushes is
50:15
not an example of assimilation as much
50:17
as a dissimilation as it ey because for
50:21
example let's say kiss if we want to
50:23
make it plural kiss is what nigga s is
50:26
wooshin so if we go kiss we can't hear
50:29
that final s at all so we put in a vowel
50:31
that vowel is different from the s
50:33
that's a kind of e wat dissimilation
50:36
woman on have teams like be jel booya
50:38
let me cite enid an that's a kind of
50:40
dissimilation so that's why I didn't put
50:42
that run in there and we have the same
50:45
same thing for the ED past tense marking
50:48
looked cut is voiceless the ed is tucked
50:52
voiceless but rain shower you homie a
50:56
nigga D you'll be enjoyed that you shun
50:59
the dirt because of the end rained and
51:05
um a lot of places where we have a final
51:09
T and the first word and then the
51:12
following word starts with a consonant
51:13
that T will turn into a glottal stop
51:15
plus probably the consonant will also
51:18
assimilate so hit Bob hit the T becomes
51:22
a glottal stop that itself is not
51:24
assimilation but we often say hip Bob it
51:27
to vent when bullying a hip hip Bob
51:30
that's assimilation or hit Kate hey
51:34
couldn't we can see
51:36
our pic guy or hip Vern hit burn kind of
51:43
waited after home an hiep burn so those
51:47
are examples of assimilation this only
51:49
happens with t make a pee gun kb double
51:55
down sati joseph where you'll handle
51:57
being qua so those are the examples that
51:59
I gave and let's go on to part G
52:07
indicate the stress and intonation
52:09
patterns that might occur in the
52:11
situation's described for the following
52:12
utterances draw curves indicative of the
52:15
pitch rather than using Toby symbols so
52:18
you can see that he himself tends to
52:19
avoid using toby toby is useful it is
52:22
used a lot but like i said i'm just not
52:24
please don't always presented in this
52:26
type so here we're just drawing lines
52:27
and that's more intuitive niggas of pink
52:29
I enjoy don't bother to lie you don't
52:31
have to learn a lot of rules I'm just
52:33
going to give these to you directly so
52:35
here we're being polite and we're trying
52:38
to sound nice so we're not going to say
52:40
can you pass me that book we're not
52:42
going to do that is can you pass me that
52:44
book we're going to go up putting it as
52:47
a question is a more polite way of doing
52:50
it it's not a command it's giving you a
52:52
choice Nico you buy an eventual ego
52:55
waaaaah DJ was passed by the way d cable
52:58
and we have that that habit when we're
53:02
eating that you don't usually do at
53:04
least traditionally for Chinese food Joe
53:06
by tight d-lite dici can you please pass
53:09
me the potatoes oh my deal ID should
53:11
would look at da Dada you want don't get
53:13
you Josie so can you pass me that book
53:17
can you you koliko York a boy or girl
53:21
can you pass your clean can you pass me
53:24
that look I'm not going to draw it draw
53:28
it I think that you should be able to do
53:30
that yourself and the next one is the
53:34
daughter didn't come home last night or
53:36
she came home very very late and the
53:37
father is upset so what is he going to
53:39
say where were you last night where were
53:45
you last
53:47
night where you Hank all were has a
53:51
tonic where were you last night draw
53:55
that out where were you last night or
54:00
another way would be where were you last
54:03
night echoey attend rainy me Johansen
54:08
addy where were you last night conestoga
54:12
very no baby Kanani Google jind jaan
54:15
Tallinn do you didn't 29 inna ok where
54:20
were you last night York OE but where
54:24
were you last night is more unmarked 3
54:27
this is a polite question again must it
54:31
be and to remember that John daddy fine
54:34
when we're asking a question we have an
54:37
upward intonation the word with atonic
54:40
stress will get a pivotal shape how's it
54:44
wrong why are they good Oh John the idea
54:46
so must it be must it be printed must it
54:54
be printed must it be printed that's a
54:58
question that you might ask your
54:59
teachers eating our into lima must it be
55:01
printed your keys it should have so I
55:04
own so you'll kind of shoes you to
55:07
lie must it be printed or can i use
55:08
cursive writing because it's inside
55:10
cursive writing in one distinguishing
55:12
offense a young put iodine yo i had a
55:15
student who handed in all of his most of
55:17
his assignments in careful cursive
55:19
writing what kind of Han Xin cool
55:22
because we just don't use cursive
55:24
writing anymore and a lot of people are
55:25
saying shelter agent we were jealous of
55:27
it on Sheila E one is she knew she was a
55:29
blue yonder except for signing your name
55:30
and maybe not everybody uses it for
55:33
your name so must it be printed coisa
55:36
into like a crazy na caixa yo nigga
55:39
manuscript writing last year ago but
55:41
y'all found that he could soon we get
55:43
simple an issue of that and then number
55:45
for this is an excited kind of tone of
55:50
voice excitedly to a friend who is the
55:53
one in the corner who is the one in the
55:57
corner who is the one in the core tonics
56:06
Dresner who is the one in the corner
56:10
everybody hear it clearly it's hard to
56:14
hear it clearly when we say it fast but
56:15
if you get it when we're saying it slow
56:17
then you know what to listen for when
56:20
we're saying it fast who is the one in
56:22
the corner harder to get right who is
56:25
the one in the corner who is the one in
56:27
the corner so one more time can you pass
56:31
me that look I wanted a fun can you pass
56:35
me can you pass me that look can you
56:41
pass me that look where were you last
56:47
night or where were you last night okaii
56:51
where were you last night where were you
56:56
last night three must it be printed must
57:02
it be printed can you all hear it okay
57:05
Tina chula mah jong inga nigga she
57:08
enzymic wanna for who is the one in the
57:12
corner excited who is the one in the
57:15
corner Tata Tata Tata Tata just some
57:18
idiot so Alex isn't here today just some
57:22
idiot so you guys huh
57:28
that's fantastic yeah not antipasto one
57:32
as a 10 sack okay very quickly for those
57:35
of you who were not in my diary England
57:37
or similar class the most common rhythm
57:41
in English is da da da put this in your
57:46
notes you may not get this in another
57:47
class ever but Yuri need this why am I
57:50
she theater in guide og dolls a guitar
57:52
see this is called very good I am big I
57:56
am as the noun we usually use the
58:00
adjective form I ambach everybody i am
58:02
bit former friend freshman English
58:06
students do you remember this stuff
58:07
yordan in JAMA alright if we reverse it
58:11
we get that the thought the thought that
58:13
I mentioned in the previous class that
58:15
this is or more than previous a couple
58:18
classes ago that this is common in
58:19
Beijing Mandarin like go blue oval right
58:24
this is called trocaire i did in a
58:28
different pen hang on that's better
58:33
tropea trochaic doctor doctor doctor
58:41
okay and then we have the most common of
58:44
the three beat foot is that's called and
58:52
that's because it's it gets its name
58:55
from finger a finger the the joints of a
58:58
finger are long short short long short
59:01
we call that duck Tillich there once was
59:11
a man okay that's dead Tillich and the
59:15
reverse so that is that does a gmod
59:20
idiot so this one is what you were
59:22
saying this is the an acoustic day and
59:29
stick everybody put these in there in
59:34
your notes memorize these you really
59:35
need these for literature class even if
59:37
your teacher hasn't mentioned them this
59:39
is very very basic English prosody
59:43
should then she should it's also eating
59:45
your own balbin everybody i am bit
59:49
trochaic dactylic and pestic not don't
59:56
say a nap a stick and a pistol mm-hmm ok
59:59
any questions keep these in mind these
60:03
are really important and we can use
60:04
these when we are talking about prosody
60:07
in phonetics and phonology these are
60:09
very useful terms both in literature and
60:11
in phonetics and phonology ok so who is
60:17
the one in the corner what is this dose
60:20
of cheese Omega who is the one in the
60:24
corner what are you here which one who
60:30
is the one in the corner of course I'm
60:33
making it more obvious which one is it
60:36
dactylic this is a dactylic is he here
60:41
is he here what's that it's an acoustic
60:46
data that it up that it done is he here
60:49
ok and in English poetry probably about
60:54
sixty percent of classical English
60:56
poetry poetry that's written according
60:58
to the rules will be I am byth encil
61:01
yoshizawa ambach sidelights of trochaic
61:03
then Dec Tillich and a pest Eccleshall
61:06
ok these are useful terms when you want
61:09
to describe stress patterns the next one
61:12
is to make sure have the right book here
61:15
fill in plus and minus signs so as to
61:18
indicate which syllables in the table
61:19
below have tonic accents which have
61:21
stress and which have full vowels you
61:24
may find it useful to refer back to
61:25
table 5.4 was our next reader we're
61:29
ready Oh Alice do you have that ready go
61:35
computation for tunning accent minus
61:39
minus plus minus everybody got that okay
61:42
compute or oestrus um plus minus plus
61:47
minus okay computation good in Fallout
61:52
minus plus plus minus are you sure
61:57
listen carefully everybody computation
62:04
computation full vowel which syllables
62:09
have a full vowel a full vowel does not
62:12
have to be in a stressed syllable it may
62:14
be shorter in an unstressed syllable but
62:16
it is still a full vowel so what do we
62:18
have what's our pattern here with pluses
62:20
and minuses computation plus plus plus
62:28
minus that's our pattern com we don't
62:32
say calm an American remember that it
62:34
always off and I so calm we don't say
62:37
computation is that computation its
62:40
computation all right next one compute
62:42
go ahead on Tommy exit my holiday accent
62:47
is okay go ahead mine is plus minus
62:50
class dress- blows grateful vowel be
62:55
careful flows flows over my disclosed
63:00
confusing so computation but compute and
63:04
computation they could calm yo mele
63:06
stress the common computation is it
63:10
stressed yes it is it's got one of the
63:13
stresses and that accounts for white has
63:15
a full vowel that's one way you can
63:17
explain it calm q But pew is also
63:19
stressed and that's because you push a
63:22
number wrong ebay reduced it does reduce
63:24
but it is not that easy for it to be
63:27
reduced okay and we'll find that out in
63:31
chapter 4 and the next one go ahead
63:33
Alice minus my nose worry the workers
63:36
okay
63:36
inclination minus minus plus minus right
63:41
inclination as a tiger and plus plus
63:45
minus plus minus inclination to stress
63:49
its anvil vowel minus minus plus minus
63:52
inclination day month same pattern is
63:56
with computation isn't it so make sure
63:58
you're not fooled by that just because
64:00
it doesn't have the main or tonic stress
64:02
doesn't mean that it is necessarily a
64:05
schwa again inclined we're not done with
64:10
in Croatian do that again 0 plus minus
64:12
plus minus inclination in full vowel
64:18
close SWA naval vowel shine schwa you
64:22
could say inclination but that's very
64:25
thi-thi a legit certain type type and
64:28
high window Joel the inclination is more
64:30
comment the last one the very inclined
64:33
my nose please tonic I'll just make sure
64:36
that were found early huh x y sin oh my
64:40
nose closed say it please okay they
64:42
taught me excellent thank you mine is
64:45
closed mm-hmm stress minus plus k full
64:49
of our minus plus own also close close
64:54
as soon as you see me hesitate there
64:57
right so in climb is that it is that a
65:00
full vowel or la incline the first
65:03
syllable is a schwa or a full vowel it's
65:06
a full vowel inclined inclined sounds
65:09
odd I don't think I say that I say I
65:12
don't think it's because it's because I
65:13
often say things that I don't think I
65:15
say so sometimes i will say i don't i
65:18
don't think i say that but then you hear
65:19
me say it that happens or i discover
65:21
that myself that I'm saying it but
65:22
inclined as far as I know it's a full
65:25
vowel plus a full bottle let's go on to
65:27
number apart I make a segmental
65:30
transcription and also show the tone
65:32
tier with Toby transcription of the
65:35
following utterances for which the pitch
65:37
curves have been drawn in the chapter
65:38
you didn't have to do Toby because I
65:40
said we're not doing Toby you can do
65:42
that yourself if you did it that's fine
65:44
maybe
65:45
extra credit but you don't need the Toby
65:46
so I'm just going to read it aloud due
65:49
to time constraints I don't want to put
65:51
the whole thing on the board and this is
65:53
not mainly about segments anyway so I
65:56
hope your IPA is in good order we know
65:59
the new mayor we know the new mayor you
66:04
can just use lines here you don't have
66:06
to use Toby we know the new mayor we
66:14
know the new mayor so no is the end of
66:20
the first international group the first
66:22
thought group pause the new is not
66:25
really stressed mayor gets the tonic
66:28
stress of the whole sentence we know
66:30
pause the new mayor we don't stress new
66:34
because it seems to be background
66:36
information assumed shared information
66:38
the next one ok and a lion is a mammal
66:47
is the usual way to say it a lion is a
66:50
mammal but if you are having a
66:54
discussion where you already are
66:55
thinking a lot about lions and somebody
66:58
said well I think that a lion is an
67:00
amphibian house Liao she don't walk down
67:03
she don't that's pretty weird you'd say
67:05
a lion is a mammal what's wrong with you
67:07
a lion is a mammal in that case I think
67:10
that's what they want for a lion is a
67:13
mammal contrastive stress here a lion
67:17
lion Canelo identical but the tonic
67:21
stress is on mammal a lion is a mammal a
67:25
lion is a mammal five a lion is a mammal
67:30
he shambled out via de bordeaux muah you
67:34
should stop from a shout out a lion is a
67:37
mammo hi assumption continuation rise
67:41
how sounds I wouldn't eat some eel shot
67:44
down somewhat airtime come up it's a
67:46
magenta dated I'm a lion is a mammal a
67:51
lion is a mammal okay we're going to
67:54
have a look at your lines when we check
67:56
your work I hope you're using a
67:58
different color pen to mark your work
67:59
number seven is will you mail me my
68:02
money nothing is in bold here so this is
68:06
unmarked mail cobia that you make up yo
68:10
cheese uncle togheter Johnny so we're
68:12
using just the default you should
68:15
default stress here will you mail me my
68:18
money will you mail me my mum me draw my
68:26
daddy found tonics dresses on ma it's
68:28
got a rising intonation will you mail me
68:31
my money okay and number eight on the
68:41
text when will you mail me my money when
68:47
will you mail me my doesn't samanage
68:52
itself when will you mail me my money
68:57
doesn't I it up dactylic again right
69:01
back Tillich when will you mail me my
69:04
money mom where did y'all go it's got
69:07
the tonics dress clothes anyway Jim
69:10
or my man needed in golf with John shall
69:13
I sweet when will you mail me my money
69:15
to send a jounin colonel oh boy sounds
69:18
hot iron because it tonic stress prices
69:20
on money shot has a 300-acre shits now
69:23
you're joining the Indian ah right when
69:25
will you mail me my money number 10 we
69:30
knew and after i wanna defensa air we
69:36
knew Hannah Mary Lenny and Lenny and
69:44
Nora this is the usual way to do it
69:49
there's another one but another way to
69:50
do it but I'll do this one again we knew
69:53
and Mary Lenny and Nora can everybody
70:03
draw that accurately with lines we knew
70:06
Ana Mary Lenny and Nora UT good don't
70:13
why the defund suka saya suka so yoga
70:19
yesterday wine sauce yeah Tim and song
70:21
is a long shot anna mary Lenny and Nora
70:27
so that's the way you should mark this
70:30
one or you could do we knew Ana Mary
70:33
Lenny yeah cuidao go golfing a kawaii
70:37
doesn't lean weinger this is a variation
70:39
we knew Ana Mary Lenny and Nora okay
70:46
performance exercises finally whose turn
70:51
okay pronounce the following phrases
70:55
exactly as they have been to the
70:57
transcribe with all the assimilations
70:59
and elisions each is an actual utterance
71:04
each is a record of an actual utterance
71:06
that he heard so how do you say the
71:08
first one look at the IPA look at the
71:10
transcription hard are you doing you'll
71:14
be na Oh what why drew doing that's
71:19
better almost not quite but it's very
71:21
close all right what you're doing why
71:23
are you doing everyone what you're doing
71:26
what you're doing and we say that a lot
71:29
so if we're just walking by your friend
71:32
and making idle conversation what you're
71:34
doing what you're doing signore Gondor
71:36
all right
71:37
next one I king quiet okay this is
71:45
actually in British so I'm giving you an
71:46
American version but in American it's
71:49
iton I mean I couldn't inquire I mean I
71:56
can inquire I couldn't inquire actually
71:59
have a que here I can inquire I couldn't
72:01
choir I usually put a glottal stop there
72:04
I couldn't inquire I can inquire I have
72:07
more i have it even more reduced I mean
72:09
but here it's I can inquire I can
72:12
inquire I could inquire everybody try it
72:15
and British would be I can inquire choir
72:19
home in the army I can inquire everyone
72:23
American I can inquire watch the owner
72:27
Shogun inna the next one everybody try
72:30
it just everybody shout it out this
72:32
one's fun people usually laugh when they
72:34
hear this one okay listen T it listen
72:40
again carefully simply add pins in the
72:42
entity you left too okay t get to get
72:46
mail sunshine when is he wants a shot do
72:48
you think you would understand it
72:49
probably not so this is a really great
72:51
example if you want to test somebody and
72:53
have fun about how we assimilate in
72:56
English and reduce so listen again don't
72:58
repeat just listen a few times G it G
73:02
yep and why can we reduce it so much
73:05
because a tea can turn into a final T
73:10
can turn into a glottal stop very easily
73:11
so there's no t-there there's just
73:13
waddle stops listen again and it's not
73:15
it's not marked it's not considered low
73:18
class speech it's just very common
73:19
anyone to get listen t get T get deep
73:24
yet sounds like good times I gel too
73:27
late okay okay now try repeating t get T
73:32
yet there's a nice sharp glottal stop at
73:35
the end d yet okay alright the next one
73:39
everybody try
73:42
I don't believe him I don't believe them
73:47
now I keep telling you to stop it stops
73:50
and if you read this more carefully
73:52
would be I don't believe him now why can
73:55
we reduce this because extremely
73:57
extremely high frequency words can be
73:59
reduced like I don't know if you say I
74:03
don't know I won't correct you but
74:06
native speakers will say I don't know I
74:09
don't know anyway don't sit Faison town
74:12
yonder just a tad a nigga PA phaeton cow
74:15
needs on Joe Coyle reduction she tied up
74:17
away so don't conclude that you can
74:20
forget about stopping at stops you need
74:22
to stop it stops but for very very high
74:25
frequency words and phrases we will
74:27
reduce so this one is I don't believe in
74:30
everyone I don't those even there's an M
74:33
there I don't believe them alright the
74:36
next one we ought to have come to out of
74:40
come everyone we ought have come ok and
74:44
then let's just read the words we're not
74:46
going to do bait let's just do read the
74:48
words in C try the first one everyone
74:54
sched rehana I'm sorry isn't this
75:00
again
75:05
scales now sched it nah mean j j1 smart
75:16
can you make it smoother okay this sort
75:22
of reminds me of Georgian because they
75:25
have so many consonants in a row acadian
75:27
sheets logo logo consonant one-term
75:30
mayor muy you just read one after
75:32
another I'll give you examples some
75:33
other time I'm not really prepared right
75:34
now and sometimes even when there is an
75:36
there's a vowel in between they get rid
75:39
of the vowel they get rid of the vowel
75:42
so even when they have vowels to help
75:46
them you're so Jewish Dondria your
75:48
teachers that's the way to solve Thomas
75:50
oh yeah i'll give you example some other
75:51
time if you're interested gage minja
75:55
Minjae go gauge to me Jay I'm not very
76:00
smooth myself let's try the next one
76:08
uncle' soon ok 0 you go Johnny try it
76:14
again um please don't all right let's
76:17
really next 13 it a mother's a secondary
76:25
stress there tried again sway it and my
76:29
last one grapes brides in once more very
76:35
good all right and then d let's just
76:38
read what they have do the first one
76:45
again watch this dresses t pay key Katie
76:52
Bay again
76:55
this is easier anyways cv cv that's much
76:59
easier next one good again soy sighs ow
77:08
hoy xiao bao good next one mon um that's
77:18
a new tried again mo na ma good enough
77:25
next one whoa I love rah okay they're
77:35
putting us is there a stress on that all
77:37
right they're putting a stress with an
77:39
ah sound if it's an American I tried
77:41
again well oh wow rah roll low y'all
77:49
alright last one but big bed bed keep
77:57
dead there babe good as a shore house in
78:04
cool the reason I don't like these i
78:06
don't like made up data OPI OPI mega
78:10
money was in the decision to lie to data
78:11
data or good and Bruce you whine does it
78:14
look good in The Times yeah I have fun
78:15
with pronouncing difficult where it's in
78:18
a real language but for these made-up
78:19
things I personally have trouble we're
78:22
done with the exercises please hand in
78:23
your work will collect them at the end
78:25
of the class get them ready to hand in
78:26
put the number wrong in the upper
78:28
right-hand corner of page one make sure
78:29
your pages are either stapled together
78:31
you've got your name on each page well
78:33
my chocolates I shall chant at the show
78:35
okay shaco zayshul alright so we are
78:38
officially now finishing up chapter five
78:40
we're going back to chapter 4 we do have
78:42
a little time left so let's pick up
78:44
where we left off okay so that means 192
78:47
no topic diphthongs go ahead Tina de
78:52
fonds de Fanti just if the thumbs ding
78:56
family
78:57
we will now consider not everybody watch
79:00
this this is a common word we don't say
79:02
con consider everyone consider good we
79:09
will now consider it don't a concern I
79:11
can see consistency consider consider
79:15
consider comes with us on the can't see
79:21
that's a little better consider can't
79:23
see during right the defense did dip dip
79:28
funds shown in figure 4.2 ok I'm going
79:33
to take some time and pronunciation
79:34
again so first of all do is not d
79:37
consider is also it not e and I want you
79:41
to review we go shoulda went down T sine
79:43
way only fushi he went to gossage on man
79:46
down Egan it so much European everybody
79:49
who's having trouble with Ian it look at
79:50
number three shoulda design pan jus sit
79:54
down time and enjoy Egan it atop here
79:56
they are going to so watch my mouth
79:58
everyone shown it's not shown it's shown
80:02
your turn others label ization but don't
80:05
run too much in as shown it's shown ok
80:09
shown you have too much show it's shown
80:12
sure yeah make your lips a little more
80:15
spread your friend of ein schone that's
80:20
better not see own show ok that's pretty
80:23
good go on each of each each the high so
80:28
you can eat so you don't see all kind of
80:30
a design can each of each of these
80:34
sounds these bands on each of these
80:36
sounds each of these songs involve a
80:40
change in that not change change
80:43
everybody change let's review change
80:49
good and also these don't say this
80:52
everyone's easy all right let's practice
80:55
this phrase each of these sounds
80:57
everyone
80:59
not this these yeah each of these sounds
81:07
good involves a change directing a tight
81:13
again each each of these sounds involve
81:17
the channels involves a change you know
81:21
try to make an a sound chin then know
81:28
somebody help please anything up and
81:35
chin chin chain everyone cheyi if
81:41
there's one word I'd like you to change
81:43
it's the word change name and change so
81:46
damn fat eating out your way ok everyone
81:49
name good perfect change don't say
81:55
change it's not change its change change
81:59
one more time Tina change you're still
82:01
saying chance to change home and be out
82:06
in any hope Union chain chain that's
82:10
better change change bestbuy involved a
82:16
chin natura trick to trade that's what
82:20
happens with have it ok so that is
82:21
practice going a change in a chant
82:25
change yoga in quality within one bottle
82:30
all right everybody got it so with a
82:32
diphthong we have a change in quality
82:34
with one vowel so Tony Romo in a month
82:36
in wait wait ego move in it occurs in
82:41
the same syllable so eager calling good
82:43
Indian name so if we say radio is do a
82:48
diff la radio nigga do is better
82:53
diphthong no because they occur in two
82:57
different syllables but ready nigga
82:59
eight that is a diphthong it's in the
83:01
same syllable so that's a really
83:03
important thing to know that's part of
83:05
the definition cahuenga Angela Mia yo
83:09
bien watch on ego moon darling y como
83:11
there's a change from one vowel to
83:12
another within the same syllable and we
83:14
consider it as a single vowel Guan as am
83:18
a matter of convenience they can be
83:22
described as movement movements from one
83:26
vowel to another to another to 12 or 92
83:30
to another okay all right so I'll
83:33
continue in English the first part of
83:35
the diphthong is usually more prominent
83:37
than the last week all that what kind of
83:38
diff time following diphthong shionmion
83:42
be jel Tom be dimensioned Joshi and Joo
83:45
young I nigga II Dinah tongue Fenby gel
83:49
shop I is longer it's more prominent so
83:53
tongue yo gabba Josh into the dark eat
83:56
the indian re- falling in with high
83:59
toned a hundred oncology from john shall
84:01
I I but for you that is called a rising
84:07
diphthong wait you eat Indian John
84:10
candles I obojau chen chen xue so that's
84:12
called a rising defense hum bhi ja
84:14
Shelby job on the busan a machine judah
84:17
ha samsung die kappa delta VI shame to
84:21
learn if you don't rising different
84:22
that's the only one that does that is
84:24
you that's the only rising deferment
84:26
english in fact the last part is often
84:30
so brief and transitory that it is
84:32
difficult to determine its exact quality
84:34
you Meho me a nigger pufa hundreds i'm
84:36
just a magic thing way darling it'll go
84:39
in the Jovians I naughty you mean
84:41
haven't drawn blood chain tool
84:42
furthermore diphthongs often do not
84:45
begin and end with any of the sounds
84:46
that occur in simple vowels we already
84:49
know that just a trauma in okay caution
84:51
in chi co called out what's a quick
84:53
hotel had a chilean had a dong yang dou
84:57
mei oneida cheating Antonia good night
85:00
at Dinah onions to Tonga teeth on so
85:03
there is no diphthong it has either that
85:07
has a regular mana thumb for either the
85:09
beginning or the end ok the next
85:12
paragraph for maximum clarity the
85:14
difference in the prominence of the two
85:15
bowel qualities of a diphthong can be
85:17
indicated by writing the non syllabic
85:19
diacritic symbol under the less
85:22
prominent portion as in I nigga is
85:27
shaman email con dao jia xin de feu ha
85:29
Yoga hao xiang is what shine like a
85:32
shame John right that shows home and
85:35
upbeat out blonde bitch out pushing to
85:37
you don't normally need to market but if
85:39
you want to so the reader knows that ah
85:42
so be Joshi until the bluefin make it is
85:45
Sharma key Janica for how this makes
85:47
explicit the distinction between a two
85:50
syllable vowel sequence nah it night and
85:55
a single syllable bout a casa she borin
86:00
I don't say not OMG booty on holla okay
86:04
how much you i nie it night night that's
86:09
with a western US accent which is so
86:11
weird for me and a single syllable vowel
86:14
sequence night night now the it is much
86:18
lower than the second part of i and
86:21
night nigga bajaj AG e night they will I
86:25
shall be job girl he's just making a
86:27
comparison it doesn't go across two
86:30
syllables it does not quite see it so it
86:33
does not across a syllable boundary a
86:36
diphthong is within the same syllable
86:38
night not night night night it is also
86:41
common among politicians so you can see
86:44
that as a whole coli and get your she
86:46
bore and Giada peekaboo friend yeah
86:49
neither eat and abandon I'll teach you
86:51
it is also common among fine additions
86:53
to use another method to mark your
86:55
thumbs with the monosyllabic element
86:57
printed as a superscript letter so the
87:01
non swag box by tam poza monosyllabic
87:03
non syllabic tommy'll saw something ye
87:05
de Mayo Mayo saw something why I got
87:08
injured the nigga boyfriend just that I
87:11
mean like a sheer Fox it because
87:14
superscript shower shared it that lets
87:17
us know that this is what kind of
87:19
discount again what kind
87:23
it's a falling diphthong but it's a
87:25
little confusing because it goes higher
87:26
in the writing right don't let that
87:28
confuse you these these are just be
87:31
rising falling does it beat you re but
87:34
this one is a falling dis on because the
87:35
it part is less prominent mmm we're
87:41
going to have to stop there that was the
87:42
Bell we're going to be rushing a lot
87:44
we're going to try to finish the chapter
87:46
on Wednesday and let me think there's
87:52
other things we needed to do you need to
87:55
date jump your test for chapter 3 by
87:58
Saturday you have part back your part to
88:00
back we'll give you the rest of the test
88:03
back on Wednesday it needs to be
88:04
corrected and handed in on saturday the
88:07
19th we'll go over the test in class and
88:11
we'll start on an IPA transcription of
88:14
mandarin chinese remember to bring the
88:15
hand out the two pages from new Intel
88:18
shouldnít he'll wind down and then we'll
88:20
try to finish chapter four that's a plan
88:22
for wednesday and we'll see them