Transcript


00:17
so you need to hand the end the Chinese
00:22
and IPA exercise you need to hand in the
00:24
hand written rules for bowel allophones
00:27
of English plus exercises for chapter 4
00:34
so those are the three things that are
00:36
due on Wednesday please make sure that
00:39
they are done carefully remember for the
00:42
exercises you need to list words
00:45
exhaustively hi yani chi leads it every
00:47
day yeah tremble every word that you can
00:50
think of dying GMA england's that you
00:54
can think of it's not that difficult if
00:55
you use one look one look will help you
00:59
a lot of course one look is based on
01:02
spelling and not on pronunciation using
01:06
IPA however using spelling you can find
01:08
a lot of stuff so it's not that
01:11
difficult if you use the right tools so
01:13
make sure you use one look save yourself
01:15
some time but also use your brain check
01:17
the dictionary you will find that for
01:19
some of the items there is an English
01:22
word but it's very very rare like maybe
01:25
it is a Scottish English word that we
01:28
almost never use otherwise you can still
01:30
list it but know if it's very rare just
01:33
a phase on hanji and that's the zooming
01:35
you shout to get to the pit on hand here
01:36
because there will be a number of words
01:38
in some of the combinations that don't
01:41
have a lot of words in English you will
01:42
find some words but they are very very
01:45
unusual or very rare or dialect words so
01:50
note that did you all get me does each
01:52
other wearing a Jew me he's a can't even
01:56
like a fight back no don't be what did I
02:00
just say what should you note if you
02:02
find an unusual word put it in the
02:06
exercise this is a rare word Nijo she a
02:08
rare or dialect ar ar e cody and dialect
02:12
dia le CT dialect rare or dialect and
02:16
you will find some Scottish words in
02:18
there that we really don't use normally
02:21
maybe in some very sophisticated writing
02:24
you'll find them or among certain groups
02:26
of people but they're not in the
02:28
mainstream
02:30
our plan for today we have two things
02:33
number one is to finish chapter 2 i'm
02:35
sorry finished chapter 4 we're going to
02:37
finish chapter 4 I was were going to try
02:39
to and I think we should and then the
02:41
last the other thing the second and
02:45
other thing is to sing Christmas carols
02:46
and I've only asked you to print out
02:49
three of them right three and rather
02:52
unusual languages for us however if it
02:56
goes smoothly if there's time we can do
02:57
more and i will put the words to the
03:00
other ones on the overhead projector on
03:02
the screen okay depends if we have time
03:05
we can do more we can sing more if you
03:06
enjoy it and if if we have time okay so
03:10
part one is let's finish chapter four
03:13
and we will have people read a bit but i
03:19
will probably summarize when i see that
03:21
time is running short so our first
03:24
reader please run unstressed syllables
03:26
on page 96 unstressed syllables in no
03:31
forms of english a symbol not shown in
03:34
figure 2.2 may be used to specify a
03:38
range of my central vowel qualities okay
03:41
very good reading very nice you can give
03:43
your name first oh baby very good let's
03:46
look at that first sentence we're now
03:50
talking about which symbol the schwa
03:55
SCHW a this word comes from hebrew
03:58
through german from hebrew through
04:00
German Hebrew has three very short
04:03
vowels and we borrowed one of those to
04:08
refer to the unstressed or reduced or
04:11
neutral vowel in English schwa there is
04:13
another spelling shw a it's not very
04:16
common but it exists and what you need
04:20
to watch out for mid-central can you say
04:23
MidCentral again visiting central again
04:27
me central not me mid yeah your good
04:32
deeds I homie I said again made sense
04:34
that's good and the other thing I
04:36
noticed was read it one more time the
04:42
whole sentence
04:44
you know in all forms of English English
04:48
English the symbol not shown you figure
04:53
that and shown stop at steps not shown
04:56
me not shown in figure 2.2 may be used
05:01
to spell that was it okay listen maybe
05:05
used may be used do you hear what I'm
05:09
doing this is worth mentioning because i
05:12
think it's carried over from both mean I
05:16
you and man doing probably may be used
05:19
what's funny about that can you hear it
05:22
or not may be used listen carefully this
05:27
is this is important for phonetic
05:29
students to be able to hear this may be
05:31
used somebody react nobody all right
05:37
i'll compare it to what I think sounds
05:39
better listen maybe used may be used may
05:44
be used may be used you're a difference
05:48
I suppose it's kind of subtle but it's
05:51
one that you really need to get a handle
05:53
on you really need two outs on wall it's
05:56
a good tapia listen maybe the first one
05:59
is not wrong but it's unusual may be
06:02
used may be used may be used may be used
06:07
can you hear a difference what is it
06:10
Ruby haha ok I did I did do that because
06:17
why did the second one go down the
06:21
second one going down is not the point
06:23
i'm trying to make but you're right i
06:25
made the second one go down but that's
06:26
because i do that in english because it
06:30
was the end of the sentence right Jamal
06:33
its own see how sad yeah let me try to
06:35
compare them without going down maybe
06:38
used may be used ok that was a good
06:42
observation and we do this so
06:44
unconsciously right it's just our rule
06:46
we have to go down at the end of
06:47
sentence so it was a good observation
06:49
but it wasn't what I was trying to get
06:51
you to hear may be used may be used
06:56
there you go well done that's it listen
07:01
carefully everybody knows how a glottal
07:03
stop sounds right it's up so the
07:07
difference is used and used used used
07:12
used use can you hear it or not some of
07:17
you can some of you can't right listen
07:20
carefully what that says to me is that
07:23
you and you are allophones in Mandarin
07:27
so we talked about this many classes ago
07:30
for example with w 4 40 poor ooh you
07:37
hear the difference then right fool Oh
07:40
Tina chu lai today what's the difference
07:42
it's exactly the same difference as I'm
07:44
trying to demonstrate with use or using
07:48
fool fool does that have a glottal stop
07:52
Oh give your glados stat know who that
07:58
has a glottal stop everybody sharpen
08:01
your ears and listen as phonetic
08:03
students you should be able to hear
08:05
these differences or teach yourself you
08:07
cultivate this this kind of sensitivity
08:09
so fool fool fool fool Oh Amy can you
08:15
have a difference Tina to Lima gorda if
08:19
you don't it's okay to say no it's all
08:21
right oh ooh Tina chilena you can hear a
08:26
difference that's the same difference as
08:28
I was trying to demonstrate with the
08:31
word was using right no used used used
08:37
use use use use this sound like I just
08:42
burped or something how I can Tago don't
08:45
country used today transient we are
08:49
quite like a windy cuz oh hi my old lady
08:51
g was like she don't she hodong she used
08:54
right used and used even in Stringtown
08:58
ego and I'm cool right
09:00
I'm spending time on this because I
09:02
think it's important you need to be able
09:04
to hear these differences use use use
09:09
used does anybody still need a
09:12
demonstration can you hear it let's try
09:14
it with the glottal stops it is if I'm
09:16
in jail attack because this is not what
09:17
we normally do in English use try use
09:25
used up used yeah use all right now I'm
09:32
glide remember we talked about glides
09:34
last class it is the less what the less
09:40
you need to check your notes a glide is
09:43
the less prominent heart of a dis song
09:48
and hear what which diphthong do we have
09:51
we have you right and that is the only
09:55
what kind of dis song in English rising
09:58
it's the only rising diphthong which
10:00
means that the first part is a glide and
10:06
that means we should have a glide here
10:09
and not a glottal stop plus a glide to
10:11
the glides a champ wink I find a glottal
10:13
stop week I find the whole thing listen
10:15
used it's used used used everybody try
10:20
it without the glob Oh stop just the
10:23
glide nice and smooth and shiny Tom used
10:27
ok with used used used can you hear that
10:36
ok you should be able to both hear it
10:38
and produce it yourself now I realize
10:40
this was a tiny thing that I just caught
10:42
when reading that's why it's too bad
10:44
when I don't give you as much chance to
10:46
read because this contains lots and lots
10:49
of lessons that's the shitty part of the
10:50
class when we are reading aloud and I
10:53
catch these things and then I can tell
10:56
you things about English that you
10:57
probably weren't aware of before you
10:59
weren't noticing you didn't have a name
11:00
for them but now you have a name for
11:02
this that is a glide plus it's a glottal
11:05
stop plus a glide but we want just the
11:08
glide without the glottal stop so can
11:10
you part us you read that again may what
11:12
maybe maybe use don't you hear Gladys
11:16
dad died so young you're saying may be
11:18
used we want may be used Joe p i'll take
11:22
a light someone easyjet out used to joke
11:24
i may be used there you go no Gladys dad
11:27
do you know how to do the difference how
11:29
to make the difference try it again with
11:31
the glottal stop and without first with
11:35
maybe use good now without maybe you you
11:39
did it perfect so that's the method just
11:41
continue the vowel maybe use no bottles
11:45
done okay go ahead and you too special
11:50
to specify a range of range why do we
11:54
have to there's two things here first of
11:55
all this is a Taiwan problem it rhymes
11:57
with change and we worked on change
11:59
before everybody say change range yes
12:06
perfect beautiful it's not wrench it's
12:08
very long it's very long it's ashram
12:11
wing which makes it longer it's got a
12:14
voice sound after it and jump which it
12:17
makes it even longer so range and the
12:20
third reason we need to stop is what
12:25
comes after it a preposition right and
12:29
we should we don't always have to pause
12:31
before of but this is a long word so we
12:35
probably will pause a bit so to specify
12:38
a range of MidCentral vowel qualities yo
12:42
chill homie in car the nigga the object
12:46
of the preposition hon tom if we if we
12:48
just said sounds to specify a range of
12:51
sounds kind of hype wait boy take naman
12:54
jail but because it's quite long we say
12:57
to specify to specify a range of
13:01
MidCentral vowel qualities please put
13:04
this in your notes you need to keep
13:05
reminding yourself of weird applause i
13:07
know we have a lot of rules to remember
13:09
at the same time but nobody's going to
13:12
be nagging you about this in the future
13:13
so you need to start learning to remind
13:16
yourself to put them into practice this
13:18
is really practical training it's not
13:21
just theoretical phonetics it's
13:23
he'll training it will really improve
13:25
your pronunciation of English and I just
13:29
read a student comment about I can't
13:32
remember who it was it was this class or
13:34
earlier but they were in a literature
13:36
class oh yeah it was from years ago
13:38
what's you this is 3g vong tay james
13:40
dean is jeiza it was a long time ago but
13:43
she started out with very very weak
13:45
pronunciation typical Taiwan English
13:47
pronunciation probably more probably
13:50
even ultra typical Taiwan English
13:52
pronunciation so chengde and what's your
13:56
name and bake a cab ack ack ack for bake
13:59
a cake Mannion's older but after
14:01
training she fixed things she said it
14:04
took her six six weeks just a pix name
14:07
she worked on name for six weeks but she
14:10
fixed it and she finished a year of
14:13
phonetics the artistry to Yeshua and
14:15
then in literature class she was reading
14:17
aloud and someone said you read that
14:20
beautifully how did you do that it's
14:23
nothing so she got compliments on her
14:29
reading in literature class because she
14:31
knew were too posh she got the vowels
14:33
and consonants right information was
14:35
pretty good this is for you no actual
14:39
use this is for your life for English
14:41
and for your life so it's not just being
14:43
picky Antigua I got a criticism when I
14:46
was talking to somebody about the kinds
14:49
of things we do in our classes and he
14:51
says my gosh laughs oh gosh I just got
14:53
tired wool up is what they said it may
14:56
be some of you feel that way but if you
15:00
have a chance you can comment that on
15:01
that in your evaluations guided ty doma
15:04
some adult height door for me we correct
15:07
until it's correct we eat Jojo about
15:10
some way too that's my answer
15:12
people who can't accept that really
15:14
should be in another class because
15:15
that's what we do if I don't correct it
15:18
until it's all correct that means I
15:20
think that you're not smart enough to do
15:22
it and you're not clever enough your
15:24
friends onika i live in kerela tablet or
15:26
just pharma I don't have that attitude
15:28
because everybody's very very smart and
15:31
very capable all it does all it takes is
15:34
you have to
15:34
decide to do it if you want to do it you
15:36
will do it wonderfully if you don't have
15:38
the motivation that's another matter but
15:39
it's not ability so I don't want to talk
15:41
down to anybody found deal with a bounce
15:43
when there's nobody who needs me to
15:45
finally be able to it nobody so that's
15:47
why we do it until it's correct when
15:49
it's correct you go out in the world
15:50
whether you use it or not is your
15:52
business but you know the difference
15:53
you're aware anyway ok so I spent a lot
15:56
of time on that it's getting to the end
15:57
of the semester there's some wine in
16:00
that I want everybody to be aware of you
16:02
don't have to agree with everything and
16:03
you're free to express it in your
16:04
evaluation but this is strongly how I
16:07
feel especially after more than 20 years
16:09
of doing this students who have this
16:11
awareness they are often able to really
16:14
change and to raise their
16:15
competitiveness all you need is to be a
16:17
little bit better than someone else now
16:19
hope you have any weights on ocean
16:22
you're going to get chances that other
16:23
people don't get because you've got an
16:25
edge someone else doesn't have and
16:26
that's what we have to do as humans we
16:28
have to have an inch or we get nowhere
16:29
we get no attention we get no jobs etc
16:31
alright so let's continue to specify a
16:39
range of May central ready-made central
16:43
no it's not miss central me nigga we won
16:46
and like se Jin Cheol I like a good D
16:48
yeah miss miss central wall qualities
16:53
okay MidCentral is beautiful one more
16:55
thing last two words low quality stream
16:59
I think Danny
17:04
Oh perfect stay louder whoa whoa that's
17:12
perfect everyone valo qualities all
17:16
right you all know the rules but when
17:18
you're reading you think some of my
17:20
friend yes I'm on the module how do we
17:22
answer that if you really have to think
17:25
about every single rule when you're
17:27
reading it is indeed tiring but how do
17:29
we answer that how do we answer that
17:34
it's exhausting you think meals to deal
17:36
with me when it goes nigga Junichi shown
17:37
on the door and also I've gotten by in
17:40
my English so long nobody ever bothered
17:42
me before until this class what is our
17:45
answer to that nobody ever bothered to
17:51
correct that doesn't mean that it was
17:53
correct before they just let it by or
17:55
maybe the teacher wasn't aware of it but
17:57
first of all mmm if we want to reduce
18:02
the time we spend thinking about so many
18:04
different rules because I asked you to
18:06
be thinking about glottal stops and
18:07
glides and also about stopping at stats
18:10
and pausing before prepositions and now
18:12
it's compound nouns dress nesib xiii
18:14
weights up right but it is exhausting to
18:18
think about if you had to do that the
18:19
rest of your life speaking English it
18:21
would be exhausting but you don't why
18:26
please no you go ahead mm-hmm yes
18:33
I know I'm asking you to say
18:41
how do we avoid it being so exhausting
18:44
the rest of our lives and and until it
18:55
becomes automatic internalized that's
19:00
what you have to do for all the rules
19:01
and that goes for past tenses as well
19:03
third-person singular verbs with a final
19:07
s all of the different tenses and
19:10
aspects of verbs in English singular and
19:13
plural you have to practice practice
19:16
practice until it becomes automatic and
19:18
when it becomes automatic then it's not
19:20
tiring anymore it just pops out to do it
19:23
the rules way thinking slowly is
19:24
exhausting you need to do it for i
19:27
estimate if you are serious about making
19:29
an english really good take half a year
19:32
it's a deep bag man if you spend half a
19:35
year working on each of these rules
19:37
maybe you can't do too many at once so
19:39
concentrate on two rules put this in
19:41
your notes you may need to DC I go to
19:43
hot like to sign either a nigga short on
19:47
only two rules a week eagerly politician
19:51
she told younger grades up for example
19:53
20 guy not eat one every day five rules
19:57
for time chief you don't need much else
19:59
and the fibrils cheese Ojo cola if you
20:01
don't remember what they are go back to
20:02
the article and Tony maybe stop it stops
20:06
because that's such a big one then the
20:08
next week work on 81 week just for a
20:11
change name bake a cake that I ego-t by
20:15
Germans and Rosita aids not lean why go
20:18
deep I can enjoy men's and rosanna
20:20
compound nouns you need a plan for
20:23
yourself equally by if it's not enough
20:25
equally by whole house smells alone ha
20:27
give yourself another week but keep at
20:30
it bounnam function so that's why we
20:32
have this 10 minutes a day plan saw in
20:34
first two articles which should the
20:36
articles that that's ok 10 articles you
20:39
need to do it every day because if it's
20:41
only if it's at the forefront of your
20:44
thinking of your awareness will you keep
20:46
on improving otherwise if you just need
20:48
you mount get it on sheet you're not
20:50
going to improve
20:51
and you'll just go back to your old
20:52
habits because old habits are the
20:54
default so you should then they did
20:56
nigga nigga shorty the other day so give
20:59
your make yourself a plan and please put
21:01
that in your evaluation remember I asked
21:02
you for a plan on improving your English
21:04
make it very very concrete hun GT so
21:08
maybe two weeks on this two weeks on
21:10
that one week on something else etc you
21:14
can do it you now have the tools sticker
21:15
codes and then gain equal g9c unico
21:17
going to young boy imma young doe tiny
21:19
alright so vowel quality so we haven't
21:22
gotten to the second set and let's go on
21:24
as we saw in chapter to the zoo to
21:28
continuation rise another thing to work
21:30
on this well this L this well occurs in
21:35
grammatical function words such as such
21:39
as such as to a to the at except to read
21:45
them to the put when they are not
21:47
stressed on it it also occurs it also it
21:52
also occurs le le end of the world en we
21:56
have it also as a tap but at the end you
21:59
owe me a civilian at the end of lowers
22:03
so far towards the words it words yeah
22:11
sofa China sofa china china china and
22:17
foremost british speakers that farmer ah
22:22
ok you took out one hour but not the
22:25
other because that's taiwan english
22:27
first of all let's do british that's hot
22:30
pharma better farmer all right cousin
22:35
you gone lola naga are farmer hi seeing
22:42
your you joseph honor david a so if you
22:44
say farmer put it in your notes think I
22:46
are about founding chick uses a nail
22:49
because you ba ba ba inchi gonna show
22:51
students as a 18 farmer everyone farmer
22:56
mm-hmm Rogers recent labs logic logic is
23:01
nice what does large enemy in Chinese
23:08
tell me you suspect a trick right what
23:14
does larger me someone shouted out any
23:18
Lodge is just amazing LOD ger is logic
23:23
this would be jumped back ok largest jul
23:26
soo diray someone who lives in a large
23:28
as a larger so that's the way most tiny
23:31
say beat out that right everyone larger
23:36
larger larger larger they got our Lola
23:43
something like it's my jungle Brenda um
23:46
okay we finish the sense we're gonna
23:48
have to move on we have only about 50
23:50
minutes last thing we want to sing so
23:52
mmm in American English the vowel at the
23:55
end of words with the ER spelling is
23:57
usually a very similar quality but with
24:00
added wet are coloring and that's a
24:04
compound our coloring our is a noun as
24:07
the vowel chart and figure 4.2
24:10
represents a kind of auditory space
24:13
bowels near the outside of the chart are
24:15
more distinct from one another then
24:17
vowels in the middle so we need Lupo
24:19
conical bowel space look at 4.2 and
24:28
that's back on page 90 they're saying
24:33
that bien un in Asia a bowel how can get
24:36
a vowel the Taiji way p doubt that
24:39
compared to the vowels in the middle be
24:42
challenged an initial muy muy in ham
24:44
wins the jinoteur jeep in Bhutan because
24:47
if I'm like being render time again be
24:48
the more in distinctiveness how to
24:50
charge you your job back that's what
24:52
they're talking about
24:57
and differences in bowel quality become
25:00
progressively reduced among vowels near
25:03
the center everybody gets that now via
25:05
tell john Jaso young nigga muha means to
25:09
dinner Taj you're like a shop the symbol
25:11
up may be used to designate many vowels
25:13
that have a central reduced file quality
25:15
pay attention to this because you
25:17
learned ed for example patted you learn
25:21
it in the cake a system in school right
25:24
now how roses image it is the rosiest
25:27
David exit it or busa up everybody know
25:30
what I'm talking about roses Neiman she
25:32
has shelled it just find it it and
25:34
that's not wrong many Americans say that
25:38
but it's more British in Chiana be
25:41
jailed hola maestra yonder hun just kind
25:43
of be our borders of schwa roses or
25:45
butcher roses roses team like thai teen
25:47
chula we reduce it to roses inches roses
25:52
roses be doable or patted petted so in
25:58
American we tend a schwa however a lot
26:00
of people do use the it in American and
26:02
you will hear the in some British
26:05
speakers as well the point is that the
26:08
vowel is reduced it's somewhere in the
26:10
middle so half the has soo jeeda
26:13
nigga shenzhen the in social agenda in
26:16
pat your weaker fam way so it shop we
26:20
didn't do Oh takn annoyed and Pancham it
26:24
sweet i yoga famine has i'm all your
26:26
phone 8 opposite gender is a porch it is
26:29
it Stanley does that partly answer a
26:31
question you had earlier too yeah ok so
26:34
I took a shot of sunshine buoyed
26:36
injuries which it is it it's somewhere
26:39
in there you should listen to hear what
26:42
each speaker does and the same speaker
26:44
will do different things with different
26:46
words so normally I use up but I find
26:49
for certain words I use it I haven't
26:51
figured out the rules for what I do and
26:53
it changes maybe I use ear this time and
26:55
another time take a boy think so you
26:58
have to pay attention
26:59
I don't have a list of rules for you so
27:01
central reduced neutral all of these are
27:05
referring to the qualities of schwa we
27:08
will be considering the nature of stress
27:10
in English in the next chapter we've
27:12
already done that but we can note here
27:14
that vowels and unstressed syllables do
27:16
not necessarily have a completely
27:17
reduced quality many vowels in an
27:20
unstressed syllable are still full
27:21
vowels remember we already talked about
27:23
that in chapter 5 we jumped ahead all
27:26
the English vowels can occur in
27:27
unstressed syllables in their full and
27:29
reduced forms soil de amor muy doko e di
27:33
Maio join the injury shoosh in Archie at
27:36
one gently obeying song swap how kind of
27:38
dry again because it how when's and then
27:40
they got moon in the gym get into negra
27:43
quality high she young so mmm the vowels
27:48
in unstressed syllables are often schwab
27:50
but not always far from always many of
27:53
them can occur in three forms as shown
27:55
in table 4.1 look at 4.1 at the bottom
27:58
in this table the vowel to be considered
28:01
is in the first column so this is just
28:03
the vowel that we're talking about in
28:04
each case the words in the second column
28:08
illustrate the full form of the vowels
28:09
in a stressed syllable II appreciate
28:13
everybody just repeat after me so we get
28:15
a feel for it everyone II appreciate
28:19
however if you've ever had a class with
28:22
mr. Casey he says appreciate suppose of
28:25
joy de he says appreciate all right but
28:27
I say appreciate like it says in the
28:30
book so everyone appreciate it implicit
28:36
good ah cause look hoodwink Houdini's
28:45
TPM Pompeian uh cut in front come watch
28:52
the end is a comb it's coming yeah next
28:55
one or confirm confirm good I recite all
29:04
right this one is not I it's I because
29:08
of raising look at Valley Oak
29:10
because i'm a boy yo yo remember we
29:12
talked about that if we're resides you
29:15
do then it would be a clear i reside
29:17
everyone reside recite follow potty is
29:23
quite different right so this vowel this
29:26
example shows the I version oi exploit
29:31
exploit you compute all right in an
29:37
unstressed syllable here it's still a
29:39
full vowel not a schwa creation
29:44
simplistic I'm not going to repeat the
29:48
vowels causality that's a Z their
29:52
neighborhood good umbrella it's not
29:58
umbrella it's not um it's um that's
30:01
really a foul feast on you mention your
30:03
name in bow behind schwa Faison GG but
30:07
this is a doll fee um once more umbrella
30:11
okay Irv verbose for both is 1010
30:16
Hokkaido citation citation can be an
30:22
honor or can also be a traffic ticket ha
30:25
Danny gel citation exploitation
30:31
computation some of these can be reduced
30:35
to a schwa and we see those in the in
30:38
the fourth column there deprecated the P
30:42
indeed beer in indy wins a beer in kpn
30:45
dissidia deprecated implication for a
30:52
male schwa 40 llame o for up we have a
30:58
conf in confrontation
31:02
good for a confirmation was a calm can
31:08
magic iso do we put it in your notes in
31:11
jail wait and see the show it didn't
31:14
help things I'm tree alright um site a
31:19
recitation recitation for all I knew
31:25
obama about oh it is i'm shocked so no
31:27
example and for you circular we can say
31:33
circular y ke circular ya koi llamado yo
31:37
let's finish the text on the page the
31:42
third column gives us an example of the
31:44
same unreduced vowel in an unstressed
31:46
syllable the fourth column it
31:47
illustrates the same underlying vowel as
31:49
a reduced foul so make sure you
31:52
understand each of the counts because i
31:54
may ask you to give examples like this
31:56
in the test Nemo Caitrin bheja
31:58
Mangalitsa ego sinaga mo NT Argos is
32:02
stressed syllable e main gate leads it
32:04
tengo muy unstressed syllable cuz this
32:06
nigga went on a movie nagar leads it
32:08
tongyang yes Oh Joni the India because
32:12
it take a bow being some schwa we are
32:15
conscious of in such ample to lead so we
32:17
change any junk on utility so today she
32:20
leads it just sugar colony dr gonzi KTN
32:24
quema alright vote ela mmm where are we
32:29
here for many people the reduced bowels
32:34
in this last column are all very similar
32:36
either up or or something like that
32:38
something in that neighborhood some
32:42
accents have slightly different
32:43
qualities in some of these words but all
32:45
are still within the range oh gosh what
32:47
moga following a schwa dishes every
32:51
day the chung chien trial attention it's
32:53
also sound like a family may we need to
32:55
put in a bit in such as recitation or a
32:59
high so let's see sorry of a MidCentral
33:02
vowel that can be symbolized by schwa so
33:04
it's logic a symbol ha quedado boot on
33:06
the attention others have it in some of
33:09
these words such as recitation I can say
33:12
about Reza
33:13
recitation both are fine with me or high
33:16
central vowel which may be symbolized by
33:19
okay we use that for thule outlook food
33:22
in Chinese remember a symbol that is
33:25
sometimes called bar I had others
33:26
particular speakers of various forms of
33:28
American English do not reduce the
33:30
vowels in the fourth column appreciably
33:31
keeping them with much the same vowel
33:34
quality as in the third cop yoshiya
33:36
clayboy altamonte reduced for example
33:39
deprecated no I have to reduce that
33:41
sorry deprecated eating out reduce
33:43
implication booya confrontation now
33:47
reduced confirmation or yo male reduced
33:50
Oh a shadowy yang recitation recitation
33:54
are both fine circular circular dokely
34:01
the transcription of vowels with one
34:03
syllable or another sometimes disguises
34:06
the fact that the vowel in question may
34:07
have an intermediate quality neither
34:09
that is the unstressed vowel nor that of
34:11
a vowel fully reduced to schwa sweet
34:14
cuddly Tenzin de jan de most legal ones
34:16
and ammonia busoga slides somewhere in
34:18
between say all the words in table 4.1
34:21
yourself and find out which follows you
34:23
have we've already done that there's
34:24
some widely applicable rules of English
34:27
relating the pronunciation of the words
34:29
in the second column to that of the
34:31
words in the fourth column now by the
34:33
other line that's all tweaked equator
34:36
ego grades ok by the man Anita Mui mmm
34:41
Cleopatra piensan reduced foul the
34:45
grades are secure each other your wish
34:47
your rules and how's that going to
34:51
continue here consequently we are able
34:55
to say that the same underlying vowels
34:57
occur in the words in the second comment
35:00
fourth count so I second column you can
35:03
fourth column to see from case to a
35:06
fourth count isolation will impossible
35:07
yoga rule I happy in some reduced foul
35:10
we can use a rule to derive that schwa
35:12
women ki Young's is on found like
35:15
JD short sharp we out to awake a phony
35:18
denise and i'm saying we're gonna go
35:20
phony to sit as a type ii out either
35:22
full vowel poway some onions wash wanna
35:25
see you 18
35:26
whoa phonic rule are you following me
35:29
with some onions wash wanna it's because
35:33
when we realized to go for vowel
35:35
consider here we go rule so down cards I
35:38
eager unstressed syllable to show Johnny
35:40
and Josh wat Lisa don't wait so haha a
35:42
nigga shot to seek a telephone just like
35:44
the tap is now a phone at T try your
35:46
crease legal full vowel the elephant
35:48
already cleared I like it when I see
35:51
people nodding Thank You Stanley okay if
35:56
we were making sorry if we were making a
36:01
high levels than a phonological
36:02
transcription we could transcribe the
36:04
vowels in the different columns with the
36:06
same symbols and allow the rules to make
36:08
it clear that different elephants
36:10
occurred thus we could transcribe
36:12
emphatic as emphatic and emphasises and
36:17
fascist does that sound good emphasis no
36:21
but what do we have outside of that
36:24
transcription is it brackets or is it or
36:26
is it slashes slashes means that it is
36:31
phone emic right it's phony pic it's
36:34
been a panic as long as we also have a
36:37
rule that assigns the stress and makes a
36:39
into up in the second word so I wanted
36:42
ways is short on ammo Johnny the
36:44
shoulder haha piensan book but sound
36:46
upgrades of the heart woman's are young
36:48
she is she and it's a zone phonemic
36:50
transcription is shaho woman can say jie
36:52
mei wenti cuz the daughter yo how he
36:56
owns a good grades of Omega app in terms
36:58
Allah schwa the rules accounting for
37:02
elephants are very general in the sense
37:04
that they account for thousands of
37:06
similar alternations among English words
37:08
we have to change hands here is kind of
37:10
tyrant hang on
37:16
so if we want to have a rule for every
37:21
every condition in which a full vowel
37:24
changes into a schwa it would be quite
37:26
complicated but there that's what it
37:29
says in the next sentence but they are
37:30
also very complicated they have to
37:32
account for the blanks in the fourth
37:34
column you might be still on your hand
37:36
welcome and mayo shot attention is that
37:38
right this is a tea salon yo we should
37:41
you wish it in chung oi had yum yum
37:44
plebeian son Sean kind of perishing so
37:46
Joseph down remember in the class when I
37:48
said my friend who likes to dress up
37:50
like a like an Indian Boozer Indian to
37:53
indo hat Samia Joseph had China Jersey
37:56
lindo for John had an ally how about
37:58
giving away as a tiny tub was Italy when
38:00
I talked about how a wine because of
38:02
those are Indochina Lujan tae-yong ramp
38:05
which is she for your very own so trying
38:07
to evil he's always annoy always an oi
38:10
oi go sit down sit how boy bends I'm
38:12
schwa all right you have to respect
38:15
their kind of that kind of persistence
38:18
that kind of courage mmm they have to
38:22
account for the blanks in the fourth
38:24
column which show that some vowels can
38:27
be completely reduced but others cannot
38:29
there is for example completely reduced
38:31
bowel an expla nigga axe or a explain
38:35
the day Padawan champion schwa
38:38
explanation demonstrative demonstrative
38:42
Ian demonstration recite Vanessa I can
38:47
bend recitation soy a ah I tremolo bein
38:53
ola but not for most people in the very
38:57
similar its exploitation or a niobium
39:00
schwa strands itachi guangchang
39:02
computation who should let's see
39:06
exploitation compu compu puse ml Johnny
39:09
but we don't say computation we don't we
39:13
just don't reduce it as you can we're
39:15
going to hold you we're not going to
39:17
break until we finish the chapter okay
39:19
so we can have a nice easy second second
39:23
period for singing as you can also see
39:26
from an examination of table 4.1
39:29
some vowels such as oh oh oh ow oi do
39:32
not fit into this scheme of alternations
39:34
in the same way as other vowels because
39:36
the rules are so complicated we will not
39:38
use transcriptions showing the
39:40
underlying forms of English in this
39:41
elementary textbook instead we will
39:43
consider continue to use and it in
39:47
reduced syllables so we're using the
39:50
phonetic transcription in brackets we're
39:51
not going to try to do a phony any
39:53
transcription and give you a load of
39:55
rules that would be more suitable for a
39:56
phonology class so we're going to do
39:59
with the phonetic way and would be very
40:00
complicated the whole the whole emphasis
40:03
would be on rules rather than how to
40:04
pronounce and we're more interested in
40:06
the phonetics and how to pronounce
40:07
things we have a new section una know we
40:10
have one more paragraph most British and
40:12
some American speakers have a vowel more
40:14
like in in suffixes such as good or it
40:17
and Azure is at the ends of words with
40:20
alveolar consonants and just hunted
40:22
houses do I have an it'd hunted houses
40:27
do I have an ear listen hunted houses do
40:33
I have an it what do I have I have a
40:36
schwa so whatever he's saying doesn't
40:38
apply to me I have a schwa I tend to use
40:41
sure I use it in some some words and
40:44
some situations but mostly I believe I
40:46
used schwa so some people will say
40:49
hunted and houses hunted houses and in
40:52
British hunted houses hunted houses but
40:56
I say hunted houses for these speakers
41:00
both vowels and pitted pitted have much
41:03
the same quality a reduced foul more
41:06
like or may occur in the suffix full
41:09
isn't dreadful what a male dreadful
41:12
sameah to read full full full oh it's
41:16
highly influenced by that led a nigga
41:19
dark L in town mega muy sona como ink
41:22
and elders changes Joseph and JT are
41:24
because of booze Oh was a dreadful but
41:27
for many people this is just a syllabic
41:29
L dreadful and these syllabic l's are
41:32
definitely much more common in British
41:34
English than American
41:36
is my conclusion based on my own dialect
41:38
and based on what I hear on the BBC I
41:40
here syllabic l's and ends all the time
41:45
that I do not use in American English so
41:47
it's definitely more common and British
41:49
they happen in American but not nearly
41:52
as often I use a schwa for those new
41:54
section tense and lacks vowels and
41:57
Chinese it's D and soul but the you
42:01
usually reverse the order some tea
42:02
Willene but tenses Jean laughs is so now
42:07
you may have learned about this in your
42:08
English classes previously did they talk
42:10
about it ever in English class before
42:12
anybody Julia yummy on each end Yuma
42:15
Yuma seldom haha em right kanayo male
42:21
sanity but he's also going to say that
42:23
these terms are misleading they're quite
42:26
common in textbooks but he says there's
42:29
a problem with these terms the vowels of
42:31
English can be divided into what may be
42:33
called tense and lacks sets these terms
42:36
are really just labels to designate two
42:38
groups of vowels that behave differently
42:40
in English words so he had a shame way
42:43
head up young shin oh yeah because a big
42:45
male sha-pow rubdowns were tense a
42:48
deal's a deal hunting bond solo
42:50
hydrophone on his own ship we should Pat
42:53
Joseph revelation or younger category
42:55
tapping would die by Hudson the Bajaj
42:57
internal it also so these two terms are
43:00
really misleading and I found that in my
43:02
own speech by introspecting there are
43:05
phonetic differences between the two
43:07
groups but they are not simply a matter
43:08
of muscular tenseness versus latinus
43:11
Pettitte a ba doo we out boots I tiro de
43:15
tipo material de Sol she supposed Okada
43:17
Tapia to some extent the differences
43:20
between the two sets are due to
43:21
developments in the history of the
43:23
English language that are still
43:24
represented in the spelling so it had to
43:27
use a fighting ship these traditions
43:29
chicken yet been arts here woman de
43:32
quinta de she quite yet bout yo la balto
43:35
knock on doors Asia touchin the tense
43:37
vowels occur in the bowels in the words
43:39
with a final so called silent E and the
43:42
spelling for example mate meet kite cute
43:48
all of these are what except for meet
43:53
the vowels and all of these words are
43:55
what kind of vowels except for meat
43:58
they're all diff phones meat is the lead
44:02
why meat is just a plain e that's a pure
44:04
vowel in American English certainly now
44:07
the lacs files occur in the
44:09
corresponding words without silent e
44:12
home and male nigga Boone Angela Mayo my
44:15
own and chill in the Nega Nega e for
44:18
example Matt met kit cut and everybody
44:23
pay attention to these two groups of
44:26
words because this is how at least when
44:29
I was a kid and I think they still do it
44:31
this is how they teach American kids
44:33
long and short when we're learning how
44:37
to read d tools they should sit tight
44:40
make war shop ano yan xiao jie jie home
44:43
they shared a long vowels the long
44:46
vowels in English except for ER all diff
44:48
funds put that in your notes you will
44:50
need to knew that do it you will need to
44:52
know that in the future you may be using
44:54
books produced in America they will call
44:56
these long vowels but they're different
44:57
from what we call long and short
44:59
infonetics they are actually a bunch of
45:03
diphthongs and it's based on historical
45:07
facts and changes and based on spelling
45:09
so I e8 and you and excuse me the sole
45:18
way too short vowels for I it's it for e
45:22
it's sorry for for for a it's matt a
45:26
goes with a egos with it I goes with a
45:32
ESO let me try it again this is getting
45:34
confusing because they don't have them
45:35
really in order so Matt and mate form a
45:39
pair we call a long a and at is short a
45:42
the next one e we call that long e and
45:45
at is short e the next one I we call
45:49
that long I and it is short I and the
45:52
last one you is long you and up is short
45:56
you these are worth knowing it's not
46:00
just so they
46:01
would a Lolita this is how
46:03
American children learn about English
46:05
vowels I learned them back many years
46:08
ago kids are still using this system so
46:10
when you are confused by American
46:12
dictionaries and long and short and
46:14
things like that please remember that
46:16
this is the system we have in mind when
46:18
we design those ad hoc systems in
46:20
american dictionary pronunciation keys
46:23
in addition the vowel and good which for
46:27
reasons connected with the history of
46:28
english has no silent e partner is also
46:32
a member of the lacs set so it's a good
46:34
mowing is Ashley laughs and it's only
46:36
this spelling based distinction is
46:39
however only a rough indication of the
46:41
difference between the two sets it is
46:43
better exemplified by the data in table
46:45
4.2 so let's look at the table in 4.2
46:54
the vowels do not actually match up very
46:57
tightly not all of the bowels we only
46:59
have some pairs of tents and laps soy de
47:03
long and short vowels not all the vowels
47:05
pair up very neatly for e we already
47:08
have we've already mentioned goes with
47:09
if everybody e beat it bit this is all
47:16
way too long and short e next one a as
47:19
an a bait a bait say the two both a bait
47:26
a bet long and short we call that long
47:32
and short a but see they don't know
47:38
that's why I get so confusing because
47:40
bait actually should go with bat a long
47:44
and short eight bait goes with bad but
47:47
that is closer that's where this whole
47:48
thing gets very confusing Oh boat good
47:54
oh good and ooh boot ah but
48:03
i bite boy void you cute okay I got
48:12
confused at the beginning I thought they
48:14
were putting the pairs together but they
48:15
are not you goes the long soy de long
48:18
you goes with the short way look at the
48:23
spelling and you can find it they didn't
48:26
arrange them in the order of pairs like
48:28
I expected so at the beginning it was
48:29
very confusing so you goes together
48:32
which what is its corresponding short
48:34
vowel o like in but right you goes with
48:38
up I goes with I goes with it because
48:45
they're just they're both spelled with I
48:47
a letter I if you look at the spelling
48:49
you can find the pair's who goes with
48:52
would all go together even though the
48:54
spelling out the spelling in this case
48:57
does look the same so we'll go together
48:58
and 0 goes with what they didn't list
49:02
the one it goes with just that's right
49:06
it goes with ah for example co t cot Oh
49:10
is long oh ah is short on they didn't
49:16
list it here and that's where American
49:18
and British differ a lot it gets
49:21
confusing if you compare the two and
49:22
then for a 8 the long a goes with short
49:28
and it sounds like a it's the vowel a so
49:33
nigga long version Jojo Senegal mo in
49:36
the ling tong aid is the letter A right
49:38
Oh letter O you letter you I the letter
49:41
I and so that way you can know the
49:44
vowels okay then we have a left e is
49:49
long II and the short e is what a look
49:53
at this fella you can find it okay i
49:55
hope that sorted it out and that's how
49:57
American kids learn it this table didn't
50:00
really clarify the parrot the pears so
50:03
you'll have to look at the spelling to
50:04
find that hmm the difference between the
50:08
two sets can be discussed in terms of
50:10
different kinds of syllables the
50:11
different kinds of syllables in which
50:12
they can occur and we
50:14
learned that long ago this semester do
50:17
you remember when we talked about open
50:18
and closed syllables okay that defines
50:21
the difference and in this case we're
50:23
talking about genuinely long and short
50:25
will show us the way that woman when we
50:28
talk about long and short syllables
50:29
we're talking about the way they behave
50:32
phonologically so long syllables can
50:34
occur in both what open and closed
50:39
syllables but short vowels can only
50:41
occur in closed syllables that's the
50:43
difference that's what they're saying
50:45
here so we're not going to go through
50:47
that in detail because we actually
50:48
covered that earlier none of the vowels
50:52
at up as in bid bad bad good but can
50:58
appear in stressed open syllables you
51:00
can't use any of those in a stress open
51:02
syllable this is the set of vowels that
51:05
may be called the lacs foul sweeps away
51:07
the short vowels jo-ann Tom Gannon de te
51:09
puna to xian zai open syllable the nigga
51:13
de nation mu into a gel short vowels
51:17
ukhl lacks files does a woman a dinghy
51:20
so it's a phonological definition we've
51:23
already asked you in one test question
51:25
in a past test it may occur again but
51:27
this time we may talk about lacks and
51:29
tense ok these may be called lacks files
51:34
as opposed to the tense vowels and the
51:36
other words to characterize the
51:37
differences between tense and lacks
51:39
files we can consider some of them in
51:41
pairs each pair consisting of a tense
51:43
foul in the last vowel that is nearest
51:44
to it in quality these pairs are now
51:47
this time we're talking about the the
51:49
phonetics the the the phonetic the IPA
51:53
long and short vowels Busan egg wash out
51:55
straighten its own shins I should woman
51:57
a phonetic the long about a long and
51:59
short vowel did pairs didn't come round
52:01
again make one shall share then they got
52:03
pay pop oh yeah ok that's clear so here
52:06
we have a different standard these these
52:08
are the ones we use when we're doing
52:11
real phonetics and not teaching kids how
52:13
to spell so three pairs of this kind our
52:16
e it isn't beat bit a that's not really
52:21
a good pair it is not such a good pair
52:23
but we can put them together as in beta
52:25
and ooh
52:26
oh that's a better pair as an boot foot
52:29
in each of these pairs the lacs file is
52:31
shorter lower lower and slightly more
52:33
centralized than the corresponding tents
52:35
foul there are no vowels that are very
52:37
similar in quality to the remaining 2
52:39
lakhs files in most forms of American
52:41
English like ad we don't have a good
52:43
match for ass and I would say it's off
52:47
and I ez'n hat and can and uh isn't hard
52:52
to come oh yeah male hung how the
52:54
partner it goes with you in the shower
52:57
shared in his own sheet home but both of
52:59
these low lacks vowels are shorter than
53:01
the low tense foul I in spa this is true
53:04
but is add a really short vowel in terms
53:09
of duration we've talked about this
53:11
before listen to the difference between
53:15
Pat pit-pat hit which one's shorter hat
53:22
is that really short no Pat an American
53:26
is long thin pesan it's not long so
53:29
dense on how to shoot acid in my sound
53:31
oh so you can't look at how long about
53:34
last its duration to know whether it's
53:38
long or short in terms of phonological
53:40
definition keep that clear in your head
53:42
in British English it's shorter Pat pet
53:45
tit they're all short but in America and
53:49
many of the British short vowels ended
53:51
up being pronounced quite long some
53:53
paste on ice on short vowel because it
53:55
had says you dosage in high so manchanda
53:58
mmm but both of these low lacks vowels
54:03
are shorter than the low temps foul ah
54:05
as in spa speakers of most forms of
54:08
British English have an additional lacks
54:09
foul what is it it's oh that's right
54:13
they have the 10 style eyes and calm
54:16
calm calm calm in both open and closed
54:20
syllables and they also have a last
54:22
vowel o as in called common calm which
54:26
occurs only in closed syllables the
54:31
fifth column and table 4.2 shows the
54:33
vowels that can occur in syllables close
54:35
by or an American
54:36
bush in a syllable close by or there is
54:40
no contrasting quality between a tense
54:41
vowel and lacks file nearest to it so
54:43
before our egan is a male Tavia de here
54:48
here oh yeah tap away from here to boot
54:51
omelettes it needs the money and she's
54:53
with ocoee here I hear you I hear you
54:56
wait in something like that's it so I
54:59
are such an eager ears a puffin puffin
55:01
da mmm consequently as often happens in
55:05
context in which there is no opposition
55:06
between the two sounds what what happens
55:09
Suzie defying lasagna how way when
55:12
trying to Eagle Ranch wondering to Emma
55:14
usually what happens it's somewhere in
55:18
between right somewhere in the middle
55:21
we've already observed another example
55:23
of this tendency we saw that after s at
55:26
the beginning of a word there's no
55:27
contrast between put and bug or between
55:32
and Doug or between cut and go esta gen
55:36
voiceless can voice the sauce tsubouchi
55:39
friend up consequently the staffs that
55:41
occur in words such as spies dies sky
55:44
are between the corresponding voiced and
55:46
voiceless stops they are unaspirated but
55:48
they are never boys so don't say that
55:50
put cocoa after a sour voice they are
55:53
not voiced we don't voice them some x is
55:56
totally wrong we're getting close okay
55:58
so hang on page 100 the words boar and
56:03
Hoyer are in parentheses in this column
56:06
because for many people oh and do not
56:09
occur before are so listen carefully
56:11
Boris Lee a jewel now I don't say Bo
56:15
were sounds like nambu town lower I say
56:19
boar take a shower in the home in a
56:23
nigga or gmail ola or t said hi Jessica
56:27
Keiko a woman's i jus in the shows at
56:29
boa Michelle's akaike oh so bored and
56:32
queer kors han han ji and its it anybody
56:37
know what it is okay y'all Nights Watch
56:40
want in
56:42
yes so passes don't worry an idea yes
56:49
yes everybody knows what you do is what
56:52
is it coconut right out years it has
56:57
tongue solar how imma nigga cursor
56:58
didn't II how nigga kazamia so 20 Jamal
57:03
so the hunters have a sudden zone yet so
57:06
why not use your mouth that's called
57:09
core you needed that word didn't you
57:13
actually might use it anyway yo tambien
57:17
SE years old order coming so how tensed
57:19
Jane Conda is I'm from there so years on
57:22
paddles tensile the years ago i'm in the
57:24
megamouth England gel coiour it's a coy
57:27
or vid or core cushion alright because
57:30
this is a whole 90 and it's a holanda
57:32
boy I mean your art to surf a la salle
57:34
fetus audiology on so the word coiour
57:38
perhaps the only word in English
57:40
pronounced with or is not in many
57:42
people's vocabularies and or branches
57:44
against it you didn't write and many
57:47
people make no difference between bore
57:49
and bore what does it to atlanta support
57:51
rubia de Bourgh borsato en de Mayo bore
57:54
bore males ounces you're sharing your
57:57
trivia but some speakers do contrast 0
58:00
and 0 in these two words or in other
58:02
pairs such as horse and horse horse
58:05
horse horse horse I don't some people do
58:11
actually I've met people who do but most
58:13
people say it will have to hang on GPA
58:15
and they probably don't at all the next
58:18
column shows the vowels that occur
58:19
before none enma in these circumstances
58:22
again there is no possible contrast
58:24
between tense and lacks bowels needs a
58:26
chin Mayo tans can last laps short and
58:30
long the chi PA remember we talked about
58:33
dealer raising qui raise the vowels
58:36
travel those annihilation de muy Samia
58:41
no mean come on times flying by we got a
58:46
safe
58:50
they are French their friend and short
58:54
vowels they're short or lacks fouls so
58:57
Emma the chant we end up wait we sold
59:00
out like raising that the girl grades of
59:02
the enchanted in trumbull dosa chamo
59:04
energy dosa too annoying or lacks files
59:08
but generally speaking it is the lacs
59:10
files that occur woman near hometown boy
59:14
nian Gao for example Goheen going boy I
59:17
know the Tokyo girl sorry it had to be
59:18
individual acts however many younger
59:20
americans pronounce sing with a vowel
59:22
closer to that in seem rather than in
59:25
sin what about her my god is sing
59:27
passions I jente how many ways a
59:30
bachelor pad like a defunct countess of
59:32
viewer raising imaging share go to Villa
59:34
racing he says many americans pronounce
59:37
this with a higher vowel close to eat
59:40
he's talking about dealer raising and
59:42
basically brits do this too in my
59:44
observation so it's closer to the Ian
59:48
scene rather than rather than the it and
59:50
soon and then some access length is
59:53
regularly pronounced with virtually the
59:54
same bowel as that in baked rather than
59:57
in bed okay length that's also a front
60:00
short vowel vela raising that's why in
60:05
others it's pronounced with a vowel and
60:07
bit link that links male lengths it at
60:13
length suyo because a bit or mounting
60:15
board the pronunciation of long varies
60:17
it is long or long in most forms of
60:20
American English and long in most forms
60:23
of British English several other changes
60:25
are true avowals before all nasals in
60:27
many forms of American English for
60:29
example at may be considerably raised in
60:32
ban lam compared with bad lad so listen
60:38
with an asset of junk out with a with a
60:41
nasal after it and lamb bad lab bad left
60:46
sowwie deed in I'm not going to test you
60:48
on that like it's hobby Apple da I don't
60:49
feel it I don't really notice that
60:51
myself
60:52
much in many accents pin pen Jim Jim are
60:55
not distinguished especially in the u.s.
60:57
South to go sorry to Isha I don't know
61:00
if I'll put it in a test but pay
61:02
attention tin pan Jim jemput root beer
61:05
that's typical of the u.s. South make
61:08
one Apple does a man song jente and
61:10
Orissa boyfriend here in New Year should
61:13
I answer Lewbert valle de here hello
61:16
here in town wasit Belgian angry because
61:19
of Lugo at how your hair in town Nigel
61:22
sooo good nambu non booty on top of door
61:24
okay the last paragraph before the rules
61:27
the last column shows that there are
61:28
many similar restrictions and the bowels
61:30
that can occur before so I situation the
61:33
moon yo yo asian by far the
61:36
majority of words ending and should have
61:38
lacks vowels but for most speakers
61:41
although some accents for example that
61:44
used in parts of Appalachia Appalachia
61:46
SAT make war Dolan boo the Shan my job
61:50
Appalachian Mountains have have it in
61:56
fish making it sound like fish so they
61:58
say fish instead of fish to go hands-on
62:01
tank top and 0 in push and push push
62:04
push sigo which is a ton of insulting
62:07
God however thou yogurtopia deberry
62:10
beury my son type in Zoe die nan burry
62:14
booney and Barry the city shall I Latino
62:18
Xiang show just a knee and shoulder yay
62:21
a woman a nigga the readers for a lot of
62:24
audio books that I listened to they say
62:26
buried instead of buried I always notice
62:29
it because I say buried alga hop on yo
62:31
Ian and buried that's all beans only
62:33
delighted mmm so in Peter latter fo'get
62:39
speech the only words containing the
62:41
tens vowel E before our leash fish
62:44
quiche cheese on a metal allyl a French
62:50
fish fish hi body is keisha t vampire
62:56
called a too damn high chanda and leash
63:00
segolia
63:02
goliyan gelish so these fish quiche till
63:06
the Sangha sighs shoot the chain yoga II
63:09
take a 10th power some speakers have
63:13
tense vowels in a few new or unusual
63:16
words such as crash gauche was he on
63:19
file and if I in crash crash in seeing
63:22
you yo yo D Ram was the negatory so the
63:25
torso boolean towards what is it crash
63:28
now how gauche goes suits or the Easter
63:31
kazusa Nieto searching so the honey boo
63:34
boo antiquated saw with a gouge in haiku
63:37
finna type put on weight nigga job
63:39
gosh ok that's really ghost behavior
63:42
which maybe crash and gauche icicles the
63:48
pronunciation of wash berries in much
63:50
the same way as that of long both wash
63:52
and wash occur in American English wash
63:56
yo wash yeah yo anyway w the guanxi what
64:00
does W give the vowel really browning
64:03
very good flip browning wash wash ocoee
64:07
wicker in the end okay jesh el we're
64:10
going to have to go through the vowel
64:11
elephone rules really quickly you've
64:14
already copied them hopefully if you did
64:16
your homework I'm not going to do a lot
64:17
of details on these but let's just get
64:19
through them other things being equal a
64:22
given vowel is longest in an open
64:24
syllable next longest in a syllable
64:26
closed by a voiced consonant shortest in
64:29
the syllable closed by a voiceless
64:30
constant this rule is very very very
64:32
important make sure you know it so
64:34
compare see it's very long see II is
64:38
still long seat it's shorter sigh very
64:42
long side less long but pretty long
64:45
sight very short and it has Canadian
64:47
raising hmm some vowels particularly
64:52
tense vowels are inherently longer than
64:54
other vowels the legs vowels so we have
64:57
to restrict statement one to a bow of a
64:59
given quality beat ourselves numba tengo
65:02
muy ap photo/nam o in Doha mi mundo y su
65:05
ji de tanto zombie tengo muy although it
65:09
isn't a syllable close by a voiced
65:10
consonant the last foul in did is often
65:13
shorter
65:14
then the tens file in beat so we have be
65:18
bead and a beat BB beat good idea
65:24
because it turns on be jailed why we
65:27
don't have did but we have bid and bit
65:30
however vid is longer than bit because
65:34
of what does voiced right so bid is
65:40
longer than bit and beat is shorter than
65:43
be because of the T right and I have a
65:46
friend who did some measurement of
65:49
acoustic data and he said actually the
65:52
vowel in bid is about as long as about
65:55
in beat Lisa turns on the time cuz they
65:58
might either guangxi Boyd in time is it
66:01
turns on the door cuz addy wasted happy
66:03
in time everybody follow that so beat
66:06
and did win de tanto site added ago she
66:09
yelling me as a child or charm mmm even
66:14
when we're considering the same vowel
66:16
and syllables let me just pick up my
66:20
book in a different way with the same
66:23
consciousness there may be a difference
66:24
in vowel length stressed syllables are
66:26
longer than their corresponding
66:27
unstressed syllables make sure you know
66:29
that the violin is stressed syllable
66:32
will be longer than a vowel in an
66:33
unstressed syllable and that's number
66:35
two compare words such as below and bill
66:39
OH bill OH bill OH you can see that the
66:42
0 in below is longer than the 0 and Bill
66:46
oh and we have to head to the statement
66:49
with the phrase other things being equal
66:51
as there are other causes of variation
66:53
in vowel length another kind of length
66:55
variation is exemplified by sets of
66:57
words such as speed speedy speedily here
67:01
the bow and the stressed syllable gets
67:02
progressively shorter as extra syllables
67:04
are added to the same word the reasons
67:06
for this phenomenon will be dealt with
67:08
dealt with in the next chapter this is
67:10
for rhythm because of stress timing so
67:12
speed is long speedy it's shorter
67:15
speedily is even shorter too ambitious
67:17
leads Akashic
67:18
my one Tanisha leads it and that speed
67:20
speedy speedily abu taubah take assist
67:23
achilles or potential until each it all
67:27
other things being equal vowels are
67:29
longest in monosyllabic words next
67:32
longest in words with two syllables and
67:33
shortest in words with more than two
67:35
syllables take a great cigar khol de
67:37
manana we should also have a statement
67:40
about unstressed vowels which may become
67:41
voiceless in words such as potato
67:43
catastrophe for some people this happens
67:46
only if the following syllable begins
67:48
with a voiceless stop you ain't tough
67:50
potato tosa voiceless past your feet
67:54
tell us a voiceless sorry chimney nigga
67:56
malinki solution the potato catastrophe
67:59
but for many it also happens in normal
68:02
cut in a normal conversational style in
68:04
words such as permission tomato compare
68:09
in terms of the gestures involved
68:12
involved this is simply a case of the
68:14
voiceless gesture for the Gladys
68:16
associated with the initial voiceless
68:17
stops overlapping with the voiceless a
68:20
voicing gesture normally associated with
68:22
the vowels one boarding of an
68:24
appropriate statement would be a reduced
68:26
foul may be voiceless when after a
68:28
voiceless staff and before a voiceless
68:31
stop if a vowel becomes voiceless after
68:34
a voiceless step what kind of
68:35
assimilation is that what do we call it
68:40
if the vowel after a voiceless staff
68:43
also becomes voiceless you lands on with
68:46
assimilation deeds own gels Osama
68:49
well-seasoned causal sana p title who
68:54
remembers her separative / separative
68:58
cost of we call possibly call everyone /
69:01
separative perseverate to the simulation
69:07
did you hear me / separative
69:10
assimilation
69:14
her separative we need energy to sing
69:18
okay get started if you've been sleeping
69:20
for sour you really need to wake up for
69:22
singing oh that will wake you up anyway
69:23
perseverating what's the other kind
69:27
called good anticipatory anticipatory
69:33
for separative anticipatory anticipatory
69:42
anticipable is by the way anticipatory
69:46
okay once more everybody please
69:49
everybody open your mouth anticipatory /
69:53
separative you got it thank you for
69:56
opening your mouth that's it okay and
69:58
that way we get things done faster the
70:01
parenthesized phrase can be omitted for
70:03
many people boys voles are nasalized in
70:07
syllables closed by a nasal oh sorry
70:10
these two are not connected the
70:11
parenthesized phrase can be emitted for
70:13
many people before a voiceless stab then
70:16
it would be what kind of assimilation if
70:18
a vow becomes voiceless before voiceless
70:21
stop its anticipatory assimilation now
70:25
he'll take a poop in your children music
70:27
equator mommy location Yoshi Yoshi AMAO
70:29
at five new one vowels are nasalized in
70:32
syllables closed by a nasal consonant
70:34
Moines hoyo n nigga muy duro be ha
70:37
that's important we put a little till
70:39
deep you go pull out how / the vowel to
70:42
show its nasal eyes in the narrow
70:43
transcription tickety-boo is a universal
70:46
weho yo yo yo on your own Mui Chiu the
70:51
way you ought to find a ball on how
70:54
utilities are shown in the degree of
70:56
nasalization in a bow there is
70:58
extensively many people will have the
71:00
veal and lowered throughout a syllable
71:01
beginning and ending with the nasal such
71:03
as listen man I have a very nasal
71:07
dialect I try to fix it sometimes but
71:09
then I go back to my old dialect
71:11
I grew up so I'm just very nasal you can
71:14
find nasalization and probably all the
71:15
examples that he gives man the whole
71:18
thing is nasal man making the vowel
71:20
fully nasalized even if the first bout
71:23
the first consonant is not a nasal like
71:25
pan I start nasal izing very early I can
71:28
have a whole sentence nasalized del to
71:31
go to nasal dining at Kunsan gy do
71:33
nasalization what was she in good City
71:35
like what pashana so usually cousin had
71:37
cheated finally we must note the
71:40
allophones produced when vowels
71:41
occurrence syllables close by L compare
71:44
your pronunciation of the E and he'd and
71:47
he'll of a and paid and pail of at and
71:50
pad and pal everybody peed he'll what do
71:55
you here and he'll that we don't have a
71:56
need he'd heal what do you hear that we
72:01
don't have an he'd schwa the Shah is
72:05
because we're moving way back to make
72:07
that dark L Soho Soho no collagen run Lu
72:11
Tung eh in just about all the to move in
72:15
today now y'all la trajo la da nigga you
72:19
got called a homo in one more weighty
72:22
now I got early good transitional the
72:24
vowel so once more he'd heal paid pale
72:31
and don't say pal a lot of Tony's
72:35
pronounced this pail or pal its pale
72:38
since I yoga glide pay yo don't come
72:42
away o once more pale pad pal three
72:48
nigga l you went away had Julie gonna
72:52
catch a marine yeah so wait times need a
72:54
transitional vowel in each case you
72:56
should be able to hear a noticeably
72:57
different vowel quality before the
72:59
dealer eyes L rule all the front vowels
73:02
become considerably retracted in these
73:04
circumstances anyway elder guanxi chamo
73:06
e-way want Elijah will it John Vianney
73:09
Omega L yo so anticipatory assimilation
73:12
it is almost as if they had become
73:15
diphthongs with the with an unrooted
73:17
warrant form of look as the last element
73:19
was a dear Jane schwa in a narrow
73:22
transcription
73:23
we could transcribe this element so that
73:25
he'll pale pal would look like this fuel
73:28
I can't do that I have peel boosts
73:32
applause oh oh oh without what be
73:36
judging the schwa note that we omitted
73:38
the second the usual servant okay last
73:49
page element of the diphthong a in order
73:52
to show that in these circumstances the
73:54
vowel move from a mid front to amid
73:56
central rather than a high front quality
73:58
so I diphthongs I elk and art Sachin
74:01
home and at Chumphon give it away pajama
74:04
so yoga chamo yoga strong move in sigh
74:08
are what else it's yet hey oh nigga
74:15
nigga at the early tomm fun toy bien
74:17
what's up with Jenna wasn't wit bein you
74:18
guys I'm sure I had to think of some
74:20
examples to finish that sentence the
74:22
vowel movie already said that next
74:23
paragraph back vowels as in hall pull
74:26
pool are usually less affected by the
74:28
final el because they already have a
74:30
tongue position where 400 and oh the
74:38
tongue is already where it's quite back
74:41
already so we won't have this big a
74:43
transition but there's often a great
74:45
difference in quality in the vowels in
74:47
ho and hold so let's try that halt halt
74:51
well hi-c yogeshwar everyone halt
74:54
because a man donation hall and pechanga
74:58
family pull yeah plus a pool we should
75:02
pull wing opina pool obj yo you was it
75:08
out schwa some call the oh gosh la ong
75:11
tee so we hear pool pool do you hear
75:17
Schwab yes or no pool yes or no yes pull
75:24
yum yum no Paul llame on no that's in my
75:29
English okay that's good enough for
75:31
reference other people may do it
75:32
differently but I'll give you mine for
75:34
reference hall pull
75:36
all the saga desire boo Yong everybody
75:40
hold hole well mail hi Daddy you go you
75:46
go schwa oh so go wines on the whole
75:49
ones on the oath so once more hole hole
75:52
as we have seen many speakers at British
75:56
English have a fairly front vowel is the
75:58
first element hope so everybody ho ho
76:01
okay this foul becomes considerably
76:04
retracted before all at the end of the
76:06
syllable you can observe the change by
76:08
comparing words such as Holy where
76:10
there's no syllable final else
76:12
engineering and finish and change will
76:14
ho lee ho lee mmm and whole lee nigga l
76:21
wicked digas way to eat a syllable to
76:24
hawaii so its analysis i instantly me
76:27
atomic dog every once more holy holy moo
76:32
enjoy bien y buena got el sol diga india
76:35
dejo de mesa tae bo bo da holy holy
76:41
there may be a difference but not always
76:43
and not it's not very obvious ok and the
76:46
change of the vowel quality before all
76:48
is yet another example of overlapping
76:49
gestures overlapping shirts home dear
76:52
dgf I in the dome tool the exact form of
76:55
the statement for specifying vowel
76:56
allophones before L were all will vary
76:59
from speaker to speaker maker in a condo
77:01
/ how young was it gaining what it sold
77:03
its it but so that we can include a
77:05
statement in our set summarizing some of
77:07
the main allophones of the vowels of
77:08
English we may say vowels are retracted
77:12
before syllable final magicolo site old
77:15
the chant we thought guys so we wouldn't
77:17
want whole lot of shin chan ok one
77:21
mumbling years on coastal some speakers
77:24
have a similar rule that applies to the
77:26
vowels before a is in here there which
77:29
might be here they're here William oh
77:34
coolio not always note again how l and r
77:38
what is this group what is this class of
77:40
constants called they are called liquids
77:43
do in Ellen are so liquid calcium
77:46
the language all do in liquids so
77:49
elegant art town town had behavior so
77:54
they stood up y which isn't moving hold
77:56
it out how to behavior in lace as we
77:59
found the preceding chapter when
78:00
discussing consonants again it is
78:02
important to understand that these
78:03
statements specify roughly only some of
78:05
the major aspects of the pronunciation
78:07
of English they do not state everything
78:09
about English vowels that is rule
78:10
governed nor are they formulated with
78:12
complete accuracy where window dy we
78:15
found that with the constant allophones
78:16
gzo handle dy these rules are a starting
78:19
point a rule of thumb but there are many
78:21
exceptions their problems for example
78:24
and say exactly what is meant by word or
78:26
syllable lamongan the mayo de lanka
78:28
guanyin word system syllables usama
78:30
woman konami o Shah a good memmio
78:32
saketini and just for your reference
78:35
syllable in my definition is the
78:38
subjective perception of one beat of
78:40
speech Joseph quiete yo sigo en su
78:45
Gwanda ganda yo eat pie the nasal Concha
78:47
niggas is syllable that's my definition
78:49
that's the best I can do and it is
78:52
possible to find both exceptions to
78:53
these statements and additional general
78:55
generalizations that can be made so
78:57
equally y tome see your hand all the
78:59
rules go Emil there too like a neiman
79:05
exercises Aleph on accruals IPA for
79:09
mandarin for Wednesday it's going to be
79:11
a very tight schedule we finish this
79:13
chapter also prepare a set of notes for
79:17
this week so we're going to have class
79:19
again in January any second the day
79:22
hyosung cool right hi you it's a shank
79:25
oh how chance the st. at youth soon
79:28
after wednesday wednesday to holds us in
79:30
january second is that right oh you'll
79:34
now got 07 that's right okay so we've
79:36
got two more times prepare a set of
79:38
notes for the next time we meet after
79:41
vacation after new year's vacation so
79:44
you take a deep I has held when they
79:45
need a notes and you'll hand Eddie Annan
79:48
second also what else is due on january
79:50
second your valuations and your summary
79:56
of all your notes of the semester and
79:58
don't just stick them together one file
80:00
organize them very very tightly and
80:03
neatly they will be very useful to you
80:05
in the future and both of them go into a
80:08
PDF file that's two and go check over
80:11
the instructions for the evaluation if
80:13
you've forgotten them they are on the
80:14
syllabus page all right we don't have
80:16
much time to sing everybody take a
80:18
really quick bathroom break and water
80:20
break and come back we're going to start
80:23
with we're going to start with
80:28
Czechoslovakia how about that let's
80:30
start with Czechoslovakia and this one
80:34
we could do a lot of things we don't
80:37
have time we could do german and spanish
80:38
and things but those are more common you
80:40
may get those in your other classes we
80:42
do actually teach check now I don't know
80:44
about this year geniune yo jou ma house
80:48
on yo gula I'm not sure it's less common
80:51
anyway I think less of you most of you
80:53
don't have quite as much chance to learn
80:56
about a language like check now I picked
80:58
check some years ago because i went to
81:01
slovakia and i don't know any slovakia
81:04
and christmas carols but there's a nice
81:06
check one in czech and slovak are very
81:08
very close not the same but they are
81:10
very very close they're mutually
81:11
understandable mutually intelligible and
81:14
this one is called hi hey nene y AG
81:19
school hi yeh nina use your skoo it's
81:21
known as the rocking carol because it's
81:23
a song about rocking Jesus to sleep the
81:25
English is on your handout and if for
81:27
some reason you don't have it I've got
81:28
it up here and let's just listen to a
81:32
native speaker of check read the words
81:35
one word guns upon you because I can do
81:40
it but not like he can obviously he did
81:42
it for free on livemocha calm with
81:46
Georgia sheen was that I could see a
81:47
Korean was sure he could be bound will
81:48
lose a did you go to the Taj Mahal
81:50
hydrogen's on hydrogel i lo so I'm
81:53
really really thankful to Pavo Pavo
81:55
recorded this for us
82:05
okay that's jumping ahead to the tune
82:08
actually I meant to click on this this
82:10
is the text read aloud by pavel sticker
82:16
and you can't listen to this on an ipad
82:19
i just discovered i mean i usually you
82:24
go high school years ish cool sounds
82:30
beautiful she may keep efficient media
82:35
co she's probably great matey
82:39
kosciuszko jake are you gonna oh any
82:42
young Joe and well atal ization sweetie
82:44
sounds like tee hee you'll get extra
82:46
gear in there what she made tea cosy
82:49
school she very close usually yeah
82:56
sheesh ready go who would i not equally
83:02
buggy oh they made a go deeper get okay
83:08
koli bazi yeah we make equally buggy
83:12
yeah the next one is here to cali party
83:15
huh abysmal enviable spunky a piece
83:19
molded booth Abby smoke libya post party
83:23
it feels only beautiful but i imagine
83:27
check people listening to this to this
83:29
video and saying oh and an awful accent
83:31
okay so listen to Pavel I'm a middle ah
83:37
hi yes
83:42
okay what amanda is coming clear
83:45
quarterly I'm haunted each other tonight
83:47
so when we sing solanke question here
83:50
okay next stanza oh you mean a nosh nosh
83:56
nosh gloomy not aps a tongue-in-cheek oh
84:04
you don't move in certain tongue in and
84:06
one in town in your nape here and it's
84:08
it's all so long because of the music
84:10
but it's also long because it's a long
84:12
vowel and check my own skis gosh maria
84:17
ski sinoc coolin wouldn't i get golden
84:21
Bucky put them I take Ollie potty Abby
84:25
smoke Olivia Oh Sparky a piece multi
84:29
purpose Katya great I mean I Mirage
84:34
Mirage hiya Nina Minaj boo Minaj poo
84:40
marianski sinoc Molly on ski sinoc boo
84:45
do you notice all of those vowels where
84:48
they have that Napier did you notice the
84:50
long marianski seen ah-choo beaubien
84:53
tamla you can hear the light really
84:55
clearly let's sync I'll just play it
84:57
once and then we'll sing along the
84:59
second time
85:21
get ready
85:49
Oh
85:53
I
86:10
okay I told you to get ready i told you
86:12
actually to just listen the first time
86:13
so this time we'll sing let's try it the
86:16
first time was just to know the melody
86:18
let's try and I'd sing this
86:43
Oh
87:07
much more
87:11
a small spot
87:30
very good let's try one more time okay
87:32
same song get a little more familiar
87:34
with it get ready
88:47
give us off hand good the next one is
88:52
Georgian and except for the ejecta and
89:01
he fouls out you too why George and
89:03
pronunciation is really not difficult
89:08
number 15 is this on this page and
89:14
you'll see it here in your handout and
89:17
you can learn the georgian alphabet for
89:19
fun if you want to well I won't show it
89:21
now I don't have enough room on the
89:22
screen but here are the words and then
89:25
we're going to listen to the file other
89:27
years actually woman you're Flynn boo ha
89:29
ha yo yo Asia cut out her tongue
89:32
wanderin like funk I just like to wait
89:35
maybe each n yo we don't have the time
89:38
for that but you know if you're
89:39
interested you can do this yourself some
89:42
time ok let's open the file
89:56
f on the dog
90:03
an all-star yo yo
90:12
die die okay that's not so the body i
90:19
think i should have clicked on this one
90:31
ma
90:38
ah
90:46
ah
91:08
ah
91:21
hey
91:31
ha
91:38
ah
91:45
Oh
92:08
hi
92:23
let's stop it there um how does that
92:27
sound to you different sound right have
92:30
you ever heard this kind of music it's
92:32
really unusual that's what I'm going to
92:34
go sing in July next year that's why I'm
92:37
going as I love this music sample her
92:39
tonga alright so shabba means Christmas
92:41
Goomer t Mary Lou it's a voiced velar
92:46
fricative who everyone in America but
92:50
here its merit man as a ling like a girl
92:52
so Christmas murti is God gave it a god
92:56
give to us Christmas and then 20 teesta
92:59
remember I said Saoirse teen way Oates
93:01
tadros earth and then cootie is 50
93:05
* is and 20 and 50 s Tehuti is 20 and 5
93:09
take em bear like em buddy is in
93:13
December and Chris a mega ' is at IBM
93:18
each active so Chris eh eh eh yeah
93:22
booming sweet yo she's like home MP
93:25
dumb enemy and have to worry about it so
93:27
Christ was born this day in Bethlehem in
93:31
a and then this one is for you can see
93:34
may God grant you life life is seats old
93:37
clay see totes clay try good seats wats
93:43
clay ok then shobha again is christmas
93:47
and new year akali is new and here
93:51
you'll see ahaha like a tassimo eat soil
93:54
attached to see you can fill er syllable
93:56
and a leech ah e edits addy is year
94:01
kaichou zu diese so RL de elite ah till
94:07
it's adi da nigga so new year christmas
94:09
and new year so let's try let's just
94:12
read through the whole thing just read
94:13
through it according to the romanization
94:15
i think you'll be fine go shobha showy
94:20
oh oh oh bummer
94:23
manda cavite a nosta a lilo Oh Ida Ida a
94:31
lilo we don't have time to read through
94:32
it let's just sing along so do your best
94:34
it's not hard it's it sounds just like
94:36
it looks so Princeton Durant on the
94:40
boosted children
94:58
no stop oh
95:04
Oh
95:30
I
95:43
ah
95:49
I
96:00
okay we don't have much time you may not
96:02
have this chance again so please sing
96:04
along do your best you don't have to be
96:06
perfect just sing along take it into the
96:07
spirit you'll enjoy it let's continue
96:51
I
96:58
why the ha
97:04
oh that was very excited hey one more
97:10
that we're going to try to do quickly
97:11
and this one is even more exotic than
97:13
Georgian because the spelling is so so
97:16
unexpected be kind of the dispel any
97:19
Chambal tools like a fine so my spelling
97:21
my pronunciation is not going to be
97:23
perfect because i used i just use the
97:26
YouTube recording and then I transcribed
97:28
it so it's something like mo who this is
97:31
Mayo rounding the oh this is a gamma
97:34
secret voiced its that what I just told
97:38
you with martoma in a rarity in in
97:41
Georgia it's a voiced velar fricative
97:43
look everyone who and this is ooh ooh
97:47
ooh like two mnie You chef anyen little
97:52
crisis kamo gras s me to do huh mune
98:03
paseos are nunez food is madness ooh
98:09
mova Cana Lenny Kaye da ooh can you me
98:17
hangin girl try one more time okay I
98:20
hope there aren't any Scottish care with
98:22
people listening but it's close okay go
98:24
mogu mogra facemate hollow moon case or
98:32
s madness ooh mova cana this is cuckoo
98:38
tie in the voiceless velar fricative
98:41
cook again mova cane adenike doc oh can
98:49
you meet
98:51
envia okay this is so Scottish it's even
98:55
got foam d it's got bagpipes so get
98:58
ready here we go this is quite a famous
99:04
song it's a lullaby to the baby Jesus
99:29
just sing along the first time
99:45
you ready
100:07
you
100:09
Oh
100:14
ah
100:17
Oh
100:33
ah
100:42
this one has only two or three stanzas
100:45
actually this is a very very very long
100:46
song but we're just going to do the
100:49
first stanza let's try it again now that
100:51
you know the melody of it ready
101:23
you
101:29
ah
101:42
ah
102:00
Hosanna we're gonna have to stop it
102:02
there you guys have time for one more
102:04
fun song or not you have to run if you
102:07
have time for one more fun song we can
102:09
have identity you hey Wade all yours a
102:11
year you want to do that or not you have
102:13
time or not about five minutes yes or no
102:17
okay then we have to be fast we'll just
102:29
do one that everybody knows we wish you
102:31
a Merry Christmas then you don't have to
102:33
prepare chisel yo hand or cheap at it
102:35
you can pick we wish we wish you a Merry
102:37
Christmas hi Sydney yo you go ling why
102:38
ego ego spiritual sure want wish you had
102:43
a merry christmas or do you want behold
102:45
that star okay we'll do that it will be
102:48
simpler all right for this one here are
102:50
the words can you see them clearly and
102:53
then to do this we can create a you're
102:57
not just with singing ok so here we have
103:04
just seen down there yeah to drum with a
103:09
judge named cool ok shaker ok she's not
103:16
put on a lingo
103:21
call Dean clapper sticks oh yeah okay
103:37
more sticks Bell okay if you want you
103:48
better raise your hand and grab even
103:49
whatsapp in pianos 88 still down whoa
103:52
you shake it egg see that catch hey
104:21
excuse me triangle okay you have to hold
104:30
them to send actually yeah okay you'll
104:34
move your you mu Qing hua bells
104:50
and Hank yet it's very sweet and see you
104:59
try and play that play the pig listen to
105:11
it no does it sound like a pig okay okay
105:21
okay it's Y anyone na ho dear I tell you
105:24
Joe junk a beer and so I don't have
105:25
enough for everybody let's go actually
105:29
we don't need to we don't need a file
105:31
for this let's see okay we wish you a
105:42
Merry Christmas we wish you a Merry
105:47
Christmas and a Happy New Year with
105:50
tidings we
105:51
you and your happy new year we wish you
105:59
a Merry with you away we wish you a
106:03
Merry Christmas kind of happy new you
106:06
all bring us a figgy pudding he'll bring
106:09
us a figgy pudding oh free lessons will
106:12
be floating and bring it like you do you
106:15
Americans you Americans to twist you
106:20
America looks like a happy me we won't
106:24
go until you get some we won't go until
106:27
we get back we won't ever get some so
106:30
bring it right here we do imagine with
106:35
united we push your language like a
106:39
Happy New Year good tidings we bring to
106:42
you and your kin good tidings and a
106:47
Happy New you we all like a big
106:50
including be all like a baby food we all
106:54
like a pity food in this closet sweet
106:57
shoe we wish you a Merry just
107:02
Merry Christmas and a Happy New we wish
107:07
you a Merry America see there's no
107:11
marriages mcdonough happy
107:19
okay i flaked out in some of the cords
107:22
there but ok Merry Christmas everybody
107:25
okay we have to pick up the instruments
107:29
don't forget the assignments that you
107:31
need to have ready all right we'll see
107:34
on wednesday