Transcript


00:17
then we're going to do we're going to
00:19
finish up the exercises for chapter four
00:22
and then we're going to do Mandarin and
00:25
IPA and I asked you to please finish
00:28
your exercises for chapter four because
00:31
last time a lot of you were not very
00:32
exhaustive you only listed some of the
00:34
possibilities that were asked for in the
00:38
exercises so I hope that you did some
00:40
more work on that and added more things
00:43
because there were a lot more
00:44
possibilities than just a few some of
00:47
you offered anyway and I need you to
00:49
think about that for you to understand
00:51
the exercise better you need to know
00:53
which combinations produce a lot more
00:57
words than others that was really one of
00:59
the big points of the exercise another
01:01
thing I want to share with you very
01:02
quickly some of you are also on my
01:04
regular facebook so you followed some of
01:06
this and an issue came up over a
01:10
pronunciation list that I'm on there's a
01:12
list of pronunciation teachers and they
01:15
did a pun on the two words ball and ball
01:21
are these homophones are these two words
01:26
homophones homophones means Tony into
01:28
are they homophones are these two words
01:34
homophones anybody yes or no
01:42
not sure Amy says yes okay rest of you
01:49
now wondering are they homophones yes no
01:55
why not Ruby what's the difference those
02:05
who did sound the same to me this is
02:09
interesting because ever since I started
02:12
learning and teaching phonetics I've
02:15
always thought that these transcriptions
02:23
they have the same transcription right
02:28
show and I'll tell da cool that's what
02:32
it means I always thought this was a
02:35
conventional lie that they sometimes
02:38
teach you in school just like on yen
02:43
they use the same symbol that's another
02:45
lie e ad de muy bien es yeah but nobody
02:50
you don't say yeah so that's like what i
02:53
mean by a conventional lie it's a lie
02:55
but they teach it in school and
02:58
everybody acts like they believe it and
02:59
then we forget that it was a lie en does
03:02
not make yen it makes yawn well it's an
03:05
alle phone but they don't tell you then
03:08
it's an alle phone they just tell you II
03:10
and is yen and you say but that's yaad
03:12
you got no shut up just learn it isn't
03:15
that what happens in school a lot of the
03:16
time just shut up just learn it well I
03:19
call those conventional lies it has its
03:22
own truth because like I said it makes
03:24
an allophone of uh of n but it's not how
03:29
you actually say it and people normally
03:30
don't tell you about Ella phones well
03:32
this is an example of what I always
03:34
considered a conventional lie and even
03:36
teaching phonetics as I do I just taught
03:39
the conventional lie because everybody
03:42
says it all the textbooks say it and in
03:44
fact the majority of English speakers
03:47
agree that thus these two are homophones
03:50
most people do not distinguish and
03:52
that's fine I'm not criticizing anybody
03:55
who
03:55
doesn't distinguish the two that's by
03:57
far the majority of English speakers
03:59
probably all Brits maybe all Brits at
04:02
least speakers of Santa British
04:04
definitely do not distinguish those two
04:06
most American speakers don't distinguish
04:08
them either however it happens that I
04:11
distinguish them and I just brought up
04:15
the question since there was a pun on
04:16
ball and ball I thought well those
04:19
aren't really perfect homophones so I
04:22
asked the people on this list all the
04:24
people are probably most of the people
04:26
anyway are pregnant pronunciation
04:27
teachers I said are these homophones for
04:30
everybody or do some of you distinguish
04:33
everybody said of course they're
04:35
homophones and then professor John Wells
04:38
we're all familiar with no vote by now
04:39
right one of the top politicians in the
04:43
world he wrote me a letter and he said I
04:46
don't think there's any native English
04:47
speaker who distinguishes between those
04:49
two words I said I do he said why didn't
04:54
somebody write about this before that
04:56
was his reaction other people some of
05:00
them tended to be dismissive at the book
05:02
kenanga of course they are homophones
05:03
but professor Wells was the only one who
05:06
said if there are some speakers who
05:08
distinguish between these two why has
05:10
nobody studied this and written it up
05:12
before so one little point I want to
05:16
make in this story that I'm sharing with
05:17
you is that was the reaction of somebody
05:21
who wants to learn rather than somebody
05:23
who is being I don't want to put this in
05:26
an unkind way instead of somebody who
05:29
has a very set idea of the world and is
05:32
going to impose their set way of
05:33
thinking on everybody on everybody in
05:34
fact we all do this but one thing that
05:38
you are supposed to learn in university
05:42
and in your education in general is you
05:45
should be open to new ideas it's really
05:47
hard for our brains to adjust when
05:49
something goes against something
05:50
especially since something that we've
05:52
learned since we were children that's
05:53
really really hard isn't it to change
05:55
something that we believed as children
05:57
for example when Alex was asking me
06:01
about and he said actually I think
06:03
that's a phony why is that not a phony
06:05
well I said it's because it's got
06:08
or he know actually about it was a
06:09
diphthong I don't want strongly in I
06:11
said well because why why is it not a
06:13
diphthong why is this not a diphthong
06:21
well it definitely has two parts but
06:26
asian
06:32
the two parts
06:35
yes that is
06:40
neither of them is a glide you're right
06:42
but we need to go down to something more
06:44
basic than that right that's the obvious
06:50
thing it's a consonant strong boom in
06:53
busia don moen fans in jazz dad chill i
06:56
right the second part is a consonant so
06:59
of course it's not a trauma E and then
07:01
you said oh the definition of ashram Oh
07:03
a means to well oh then he accepted it
07:06
but the way he thought although it seems
07:10
strange to an English speaker who
07:12
studied phonetics is there some kind of
07:14
logic in the way he thought is it
07:17
understandable that he would think that
07:18
yes because because what
07:28
the odd doesn't appear by itself in this
07:30
form it's true but not only that it
07:32
should be obvious there's an end there
07:33
of course it cannot be a diphthong but
07:37
he's thinking is not so strange it's
07:39
understandable because
07:50
how many sounds does this look like to
07:52
your eyes one sound right so tension do
07:57
you guys believe that this is one sound
07:59
because you learned it as one syllable
08:02
in school when you were very young is
08:04
that right for you to change your mind
08:07
to say that this is not a schwa muy this
08:11
is to separate sounds that takes a lot
08:14
of work because your brain is used to
08:16
seeing this as one sound is that right
08:18
so it's not really so strange things
08:22
that we believed all our lives are
08:24
really hard to accept so the point is
08:25
that when you hear something new rather
08:27
than dismissing it always give it a
08:29
chance it's not the way I do it maybe
08:33
but tell me what tell me what you have
08:37
to say tell me what your observation is
08:39
and then I will think about it everybody
08:41
remember that if you don't put it in
08:42
your notes noted in your head try not to
08:45
have knee-jerk reactions to things and
08:48
say well that can't be true that's
08:49
ridiculous I've never heard of such a
08:50
thing so what's wrong right is it easy
08:53
to react like that when you're so sure
08:55
you are right we all do this all of us
08:59
do this but we have to fight it really
09:01
hard now some things are so crazy we
09:03
think well I don't have to give them a
09:04
second chance the world is not flat I'm
09:06
not going to give you a second chance
09:07
but for many things that's not so
09:09
straightforward so always hear people
09:11
out because when you know that you're
09:14
telling the truth and the Dinosaur
09:16
Valley top how do you feel when that
09:19
happened to you jajaja as soon as you
09:25
hear that from Darwin and you know
09:26
you're telling the truth what did you
09:27
feel has that happen to all of you I
09:31
believe it has happened to all of us
09:34
somebody says a shy the line aha
09:36
bellingham ha it happens to all of us
09:39
but we know we're telling the truth how
09:41
do we feel when that happens and nobody
09:43
will listen to us and they'll just say
09:44
well you're just a kid what do you know
09:46
how do we feel we feel really really bad
09:51
right and you think like just listen to
09:53
me I'm telling you the truth I'm not
09:55
lying I didn't make it up it's really
09:57
true well it's not just children
10:02
with whom this happens it happens to all
10:04
of us and we are often the perpetrators
10:05
we're the ones who say that's ridiculous
10:07
and we make somebody else feel bad
10:09
because actually they have something to
10:10
say we didn't we didn't recognize it we
10:13
didn't give it a chance so this is a
10:15
really important lesson for your last
10:17
class of the semester is give things a
10:19
chance look into them before you have
10:21
that knee-jerk reaction of single that's
10:23
ridiculous and then ignoring it so
10:26
anyway professor Wells was the one
10:27
person who said why hasn't anybody
10:29
written about this this is very
10:31
interesting many of the other people
10:33
said oh that's ridiculous I've never
10:35
heard of such a thing so I have to say I
10:37
really admired him for that and for me
10:40
these happen to be very very close
10:42
extremely close but in my mind even
10:45
before I knew what a phoneme was just
10:47
because I know how to spell and I was
10:49
influenced by spelling too but in fact I
10:51
actually speak that way this to me is an
10:53
allophone of AA like in father it's not
10:56
a at all it sounds a lot like ah but
11:00
phonemic Lee we spell it with awe and in
11:05
my brain that is ah when it comes before
11:07
L it's a conditioned this is a condition
11:11
phonological change when it comes before
11:13
L it gets lip rounding I'm just telling
11:16
you what it works how it works in my
11:18
brain this doesn't mean you're you know
11:19
you need to demand that it appear in
11:22
your textbooks this is just me and I
11:24
know other people have it where I come
11:25
from my part of the Midwest Minnesota
11:27
Wisconsin not everybody there has it but
11:30
some people my age do so in my head it
11:34
is ah and then in front of el it becomes
11:36
slightly rounded but this one the
11:38
original phoneme is not odd the original
11:40
phoning is ah so for me in my head these
11:44
are two different phonemes this one is a
11:46
bit rounded before L this one is more
11:48
rounded before L this is how it works in
11:51
my personal phonology this is just to
11:54
share with you a tiny tiny variation in
11:57
my very bland American English what is a
11:59
pain diner will weigh the Midwestern
12:02
American English but this is something I
12:04
realized I did a small survey over
12:06
facebook a few people have it most
12:09
people said no they're all the same for
12:10
me so listen to the words ball-ball
12:15
all really close watch my mouth and you
12:19
can see it ball ball ball ball ball ball
12:25
ball ball they're so close but can you
12:30
hear a bit of a difference there's more
12:32
rounding with ball aww and it also
12:35
applies to a you words for me they're
12:38
the same category in spelling aw and a
12:41
you they are all the off owning so where
12:46
I come from as st. Paul but then there's
12:48
a word Paul which means something like
12:52
shadow so this is a minimal pair for me
12:55
Paul Paul Paul Paul and there are a
13:00
number of other words that are not so
13:02
common all all seiga trades it's a kind
13:07
of a tool all all all all I don't always
13:11
make them really clear if I'm speaking
13:13
fast there's no difference but I just
13:15
wanted to share that with you I have a
13:17
different set of a different slightly
13:21
different phonology from what you learn
13:23
your textbook for American English okay
13:25
just for your reference wanted to share
13:26
that with you all right next we are
13:28
going to go to finishing up our
13:30
exercises for chapter four tomatela bot
13:38
everybody remember what that is Jon
13:41
Martello bah i see that word now often i
13:44
have a few georgian friends on facebook
13:46
and they've been posting that i wish you
13:48
happiness and good health in the new
13:49
year so i've been seeing jon martello ba
13:52
lately okay we pretty much finished
13:56
although not really thoroughly we very
14:01
quickly got through the written
14:02
exercises let's just go through the
14:05
performance exercises quickly and then
14:06
we're going to do the IPA okay quickly
14:10
learn to produce only the first part of
14:12
the vowel a as in hey try saying this
14:16
sound in place of your normal diphthong
14:17
in words such as they came late now this
14:21
will not be difficult for taiwanese
14:23
because you do it anyway
14:25
you have trouble with the a diphthong
14:27
you do this without trying so it's
14:30
probably more important for you to learn
14:31
the full diff song than to cut it in
14:33
half let's try the normal one first they
14:36
came late some of you still don't do
14:43
came right your sink in let's do a e by
14:46
itself a good just think of fate on the
14:51
Fae the Nemean a nigga 8 and put an e
14:56
after it and then it will be long enough
14:57
fee so a yeah that's good so they came
15:04
late alright some you're still saying
15:08
cam came yeah and some of your saying
15:12
lay it's not lay its new watch that th
15:18
voiced you know down tell booth they
15:20
came late make the a longer don't make
15:26
the m2 soon don't don't say the m2 soon
15:30
came nigga am beat out a young ho it
15:33
then they use the echo they came late go
15:43
this time it sounded good all right now
15:47
try saying it without the second half of
15:49
the diphthong which should be easy
15:50
because you do that anyway so they if
15:53
it's just a let's take off the e part
15:55
then it becomes a a all right try saying
15:59
it with just a instead of AE go
16:04
alright that's not quite Taiwan English
16:06
that's a different kind of English you
16:08
say them a lake hamlet Lake chem lat
16:12
that's what I usually hear so they came
16:15
late instead of late late you won't see
16:19
my mouth move for the e part they came
16:22
late try it still sounds better than tau
16:28
in English actually let's do the same
16:30
thing with the mid-high back foul oh
16:32
let's just say the old part that's
16:35
another thing you do instead of saying
16:37
know many of you say no so no the first
16:41
part is all oh ok this is kind of silly
16:54
but it's got OHS and this isn't that so
16:56
good because of the L let's just try
17:03
road by itself before I think of a
17:04
better word ok row road is the original
17:07
Road all right let's cut off the second
17:12
part of the diphthong road ok I don't
17:19
want to think of another one that's
17:20
enough you get how it works I don't want
17:21
to train you to shorten your diff locks
17:23
all right B is incorporate a and O in
17:28
nonsense words for production and
17:30
perception they might now also include
17:33
the voiceless sounds what you can only
17:38
hear it well if you put a vowel after
17:39
let's put I after it ma na uh huh and
17:46
nah and notice they put the little
17:50
circle on top of the ng because the
17:53
curlicue down there takes up space so
17:55
they put the circle on top for enma egg
17:58
my song yet trecho change genders I saw
18:01
me and then all right wah wah you have
18:07
no problem because you learn that in
18:08
school wha
18:10
and what yeah uh-huh okay so let's try
18:16
saying those words let's just do them
18:18
together get through this will be done
18:19
in a short time I hope okay the first
18:22
one ma na watch the stress next one name
18:32
a next one mm-hmm everyone nah they go
18:40
next one okay don't say mo it's just
18:45
more more all right do it again more II
18:49
and the next one Lele good okay then
18:57
more difficult ones what's the next one
19:02
everyone hey ma nay next one okay num
19:13
mmm mmm okay next one there's a syllabic
19:25
end so just take it as a sekrit syllable
19:28
try it again spoil it mmm oh ok next one
19:40
try it again that's cool cool that's a
19:45
voiceless w so cool horse show krys v
19:52
once more okay next one
20:03
okay okay if they don't go easily with
20:07
the next syllable you can stick them
20:08
with the first syllable because it
20:09
doesn't give a syllable decision
20:11
division so you can say flip three then
20:15
wet t guj try it again clip 3g Guiche
20:23
all right and then I think I told you
20:27
you don't have you don't have to do the
20:28
vowel chart and let's try the last ones
20:31
they're going to be tough i'll stumble
20:32
on these in part ii first one
20:41
right so watch the stress so say again
20:45
say me Faithie ma ma hun the next one
20:52
say rah Oh sorrow fee pause that sounds
20:59
great doesn't it next one mo pray de ley
21:05
de key okay and na koto ha puto talk
21:13
make a cake alright and la he need t
21:18
know nay hey okay we've finished we're
21:23
done we're done with chapter fourth all
21:25
right the one thing we really have left
21:27
to do is Mandarin in IPA and I guess we
21:31
didn't organize well enough to have you
21:33
put the transcriptions on the board
21:35
before class and this is the last class
21:39
so we can't wait for break so everybody
21:41
who had a transcription assignment
21:44
please go put it up now is orderly and
21:47
quickly as you can please always keep in
21:49
mind that these are just one set of
21:51
choices and they're a bit flexible and a
21:54
lot of people will do things differently
21:55
and for the rest of you who have nothing
21:57
to do you can find the mistakes in the
21:59
model transcription I gave you there
22:01
were a number of mistakes and
22:02
inconsistencies see if you can find them
22:04
and we'll fix it here we go get out a
22:06
red pen we're going to mark the answer's
22:09
no now again I'm going to repeat this is
22:12
not set in cement this is not really
22:15
that many people will use a different
22:17
system I have adapted the system that i
22:20
like to use for Taiwan Mandarin so it's
22:23
sort of a mixture of Beijing and Taiwan
22:26
mixture of phonemic and phonetic and you
22:29
think well it's neither fish nor fowl or
22:32
flesh nor fouls what they say paddy
22:35
boosted hun phonemic yeah busa and
22:37
phonetic it's something in between but
22:40
I've often found that often an answer in
22:42
the middle is a practical one to work
22:45
with for many purposes so that's why
22:47
it's a phonetic phonemic system with
22:50
some compromises to Ella phones their
22:52
choices I made other people make
22:54
different
22:54
choices so don't say mr. Chow this
22:57
system does this did we learn it wrong
22:58
are they doing it wrong no other people
23:01
do it in different ways but you should
23:03
be able to judge whether it is a
23:05
consistent system and whether it is a
23:07
representative system of what it's
23:09
trying to transcribe so you should be
23:13
able to judge whether it's a pretty good
23:14
usable system or whether it has
23:16
inconsistencies and needs to be fixed up
23:18
okay this is not by any means any kind
23:22
of a tribute of Belgian we're going to
23:25
okay start with ping so far so good and
23:29
remember that for aspirated will pull
23:33
and the to make a hook pull and cook
23:36
we're going to have to use the raised
23:37
age so pink and we're going to use this
23:39
regular I instead of the short I that we
23:43
use for English for english rewriting
23:45
like this shouldn't be sticking out
23:48
there here we write in like this but
23:50
we're going to use the regular data die
23:52
for Chinese okay so ping dome shin
23:58
except for where does the curlicue go
24:00
does it go oh it looks like it's look
24:03
likes it looks like it's on the top it
24:05
goes lower than that the symbols the
24:08
right idea but we write it like that
24:10
d-did Kingdome chin and here the
24:15
original phoneme is some kind of AA but
24:17
because of what it becomes a because of
24:23
this hi front vowel E it affects this
24:26
foul so it's not Sean some dialects do
24:29
that in China but we don't in Taiwan
24:31
chin chin so that's why we pick that and
24:35
this one is one and we use this you'll
24:39
mouths it at a before n before no Enma
24:44
we use mayo mounted a ah and we use this
24:48
on we use the other ah so you're going
24:51
to run into this question of probably in
24:53
other places one luan try not to make it
24:57
stick out I do stuff like this but you
24:59
have to fix it up afterwards and I don't
25:01
use the short oh I just use this this is
25:04
fine
25:05
yeah again bring the she down lower
25:08
because it looks like the curlicues on
25:09
top instead of on the bottom YUM good
25:17
try not to make it stick out and then we
25:21
have to G right so so is good sits with
25:28
aspiration a bard e is a second tone or
25:33
soothe probably reasonable for Taiwan
25:36
some people say that in taiwan mandarin
25:38
maybe four levels are enough but we'll
25:40
stick with five you wait sushant home
25:43
John use some bunk all the dfunk ice is
25:45
shot down mean are you content since
25:46
y'all to the level food what's wrong
25:50
here should it be barred no here it's
25:53
not to food to the potato and t is it
26:02
going to be with TS know it's going to
26:05
be with TC right TC you can also write
26:13
it this way with C because C is a
26:16
palatal so this word is yeah yeah yeah
26:22
this isn't the same place of
26:24
articulation is she so actually this is
26:27
probably a little better but like I said
26:29
this is a system full of compromises and
26:31
this is more common especially in
26:34
materials from mainland China you will
26:36
see this so we're going to stick with t
26:37
just keep in mind we could write a see
26:39
they're probably be a little more
26:42
consistent and precise alright so the G
26:45
is now okay and next we have yeah
26:56
then it would be ping-pong ting Tong
27:01
right time I need to make a diff imma
27:04
okay it's possible yogi found chopped
27:10
home shell so there's plenty of tongue
27:11
and Taiwan but maybe not there all right
27:13
so G and then Kwan what do we need to
27:16
watch out for here we got it right here
27:18
but we need to do it here too what is it
27:22
your multi cam all to remember for and
27:26
we're going to use your mountain for um
27:28
we'll use mayo mountain okay so one or
27:33
so Wow and yeah we're going to use this
27:41
for all because for me it's more back so
27:44
we're going to use this and not your
27:45
mods afore out and then jus we're
27:49
missing something the vowel and we're
27:52
missing it because of june for how again
27:56
because in doing for how it's only one
27:58
symbol so let's make some room for it
28:01
and put it in a retroflex vowel here and
28:06
put the tone mark back true now it is
28:10
not true like in Beijing but we stick
28:13
with the symbols to keep the system sort
28:16
of in order when I do my own
28:18
transcriptions for papers sometimes I
28:20
use this instead well good on way up
28:24
because i think in taiwan it's almost
28:25
like an English Joe with no rounding
28:27
that's all what good in yonder yeah yeah
28:34
you can put it higher the point is it
28:36
needs a little hook there and the hook
28:38
needs to come down to the other part
28:40
okay okay oh sure yeah
28:46
right what oh no we use out here we use
28:54
you yeah how Powell no it's Powell yeah
29:00
OOP sorry bow bow bow when pop I think
29:11
it's just a choice we made bow I think
29:14
it's closer to you and it's mostly it's
29:17
mostly a convention that a lot of people
29:18
do it now bow bow I just don't think
29:22
always be this is accurate would you all
29:24
happy Joe your dive bar scene yeah I'm
29:27
about you right what is this here guang
29:32
guang do we have that sound in Chinese
29:34
No ok so let's get rid of the it's the
29:38
beginning of Guang if it were wrong it
29:40
would be fine sure go ok and then
29:50
is this okay right just make that you
29:56
should it's better to make the tea
29:57
drench as well it's the same problem as
29:59
with this you can use a regular tea but
30:02
here I've chosen to use the dren chatty
30:04
so we'll use the retroflex tea here post
30:08
alveolar it's probably better to call
30:10
post alveolar okay 10 1 it's okay strong
30:22
what does this look like chuang chuang
30:26
we're going to we're going to make this
30:28
retroflex postalveolar not quite that
30:32
long well we have to make a little
30:35
longer otherwise we can't tell the
30:36
difference sure what should it be same
30:40
as going right it rhymes with goal drone
30:50
where we're going to have problems and
30:53
that is how do we write this in IPA and
30:57
in taiwan mandarin how do you say it but
31:02
how do they say it in Beijing fun yeah
31:05
so we're going to go with all for this
31:06
group of rhymes to that will be
31:10
different from beijing mandarin ok Joe
31:13
and then go ahead what's next yeah
31:22
oh yeah the I was looking for young I
31:25
guess there's Ali isn't there just a sec
31:29
right okay Lee is fine and in mainland
31:34
China will earn northern China and pick
31:36
Beijing what would we expect would we
31:39
expect a third tone there canossa
31:45
catching show Connecticut change them
31:48
but we don't have it we've got a third
31:49
tone and then yeah it's okay look what
31:54
are we going to do with look we still
31:55
need a tone there can you say it where
31:57
would you put the tone it's short so
31:59
we're going to make a short line where
32:01
should we put it on the line one two
32:04
three four five it's got five levels put
32:08
it up here oh sorry second down here
32:12
this is one two three four five you want
32:17
for the place where I put it in the
32:19
first place when I mail drunk what I
32:21
torchia ho okay yeah look you like 40
32:25
sorry on the wrong side I put it on the
32:27
l didn't mean to do that how there we go
32:31
well it happens to look the same on both
32:33
sides has great enta okay so is that ok
32:37
for young look are you happy with that
32:42
yes or no ok sure yes
32:51
yeah use this actually I mostly don't
32:55
use it we're going with schwa because
32:58
usually we don't make the ELA sound like
33:01
dudes look if we say look then we'd use
33:04
that vowel mostly we're just going to
33:07
use schwa for that vowel because in
33:09
Taiwan we don't have so much it's not so
33:12
back it's more central kabhi jo jg do
33:21
idea but Allah doesn't one Tom Dewey
33:25
Atari bun ok I'm not making it very
33:28
clear on the board but they should be
33:29
longer for the full tones about half the
33:32
length of teeny tiny little each ouch in
33:34
for the change em okay and then June you
33:38
still need a little hook up here ok G
33:42
how about this long is ok this one goes
33:47
all the way up to five but for taiwan
33:49
mandarin probably it only goes up to
33:50
four to four or three four yeah you
33:58
missed haha e alright so how should you
34:04
write that just the letter I and fourth
34:10
toe actually Mayo each is he at home
34:14
right download you all right yeah let
34:16
each long we're going to go for schwab
34:22
on so unless you say Kwang soo long slow
34:26
but that sounds like do I ha jaan gentle
34:30
switching or something like that I don't
34:32
know you had that amelia lily and Gemma
34:34
yo move on sir it's much more pink guy
34:37
ok so long sir what the one douai how
34:45
about the a
34:46
check them all Dwight okay otherwise
34:50
it's dhuan dhuan mo mm-hmm I had a I had
34:54
a American classmate who did that top
34:57
boots it out like a cheese's yo Ella
34:59
phone so he would say I'm trying instead
35:02
of I'm trying and when I said I'm
35:04
trained he says why i'ma go chang holds
35:05
oma and it sound like a they don't
35:09
usually teach us about allophones you
35:11
have to pick it up yourself and the same
35:12
is true of English when they teach you
35:13
English here they usually don't tell you
35:15
about Ella phones so one mo okay except
35:22
for for all did we did we choose this
35:24
one we chose we chose a more back one
35:29
okay mom we're going to use them or
35:32
background the back one okay cuz it's
35:35
not quite like the English owl which is
35:37
more central I think it's more back go
35:39
is okay uh-huh who is okay Dean 55 is
35:45
okay or four forfeit slower taiwan it's
35:48
gonna be out d in beijing it's like ma
35:51
ma ma ma so when you hear beijing
35:54
mandarin teens i might generate is that
35:56
right yes all right that's what people
36:00
tell me and to my own ears too
36:01
especially the way they say at a pool
36:03
fence at ha delivered a function nah I
36:07
bullfinch the totality issue Jonas
36:10
vehicle and this was probably influenced
36:12
by mean I or you may mean I you did the
36:14
eastern Josie this is happy OT alright
36:18
so booting is okay and then mia ha me I
36:25
think of Lao Shu Oh Mia but that's Mia
36:29
uh huh huh should be
36:35
just e I with a dot may okay TN we're
36:40
going to let it stick out move it up a
36:42
little TN watch out don't make lines on
36:47
your eyes make sure they're dots
36:48
otherwise it looks like a tone mark TN
36:50
what else
36:57
I'm losing my place here I just need to
37:00
find it for a minute okay sigh is that
37:03
okay except for how we what are we
37:06
choose for I we are using this one
37:09
anyway either guanxi nigga I ain't gotta
37:11
be a champion so that I chose to use
37:14
this one and then two is that ok we can
37:23
lengthen the t make it gencha jewel and
37:26
then the Z has to be has to have a
37:32
really clear retroflex hook at the end
37:34
ounces I jack it down to go go because
37:37
if you just make a curl it's not that
37:39
clear so Z it has it has a hook on the
37:43
end the bottom ok so that makes it to
37:45
ensure Jen all right is this correct ok
37:53
he all right this one pulling tool to
37:56
lie you might don't win the sanction so
37:59
it starts out low and it goes even lower
38:01
indices sama or e la choza early busu
38:07
bed um dia I just early ok how people
38:11
who is ok
38:21
home yeah and that's another one in
38:24
Beijing it probably would be home yet
38:30
yeah home yet probably will be changed
38:32
shown in Beijing uh-huh this is really
38:40
hard to follow on both sides okay uh-huh
38:42
what's missing yeah we need more room
38:46
here not good good all right what else
38:54
gene is okay don't make this quite so
38:57
high the T else doesn't need to be so
39:00
big it looks like a drench oh okay good
39:04
gene again this time it's correct to and
39:08
this should also be a little lower it's
39:10
as low as a regular s and then just add
39:13
the hook well it's a little too small we
39:15
go okay too and don't make this yeah
39:20
this can be also lengthened for gencha
39:23
and then cool oh this is the true here
39:30
so let's finish true actually this this
39:39
aspiration does it really belong after
39:41
the shirt or after the two in theory it
39:45
should be after the two because that's
39:47
where the release of the stop comes the
39:51
convention is to put it after the whole
39:53
Africa everybody paying attention this
39:55
is kind of important eat by the young
39:58
father sits on this nigga so tying home
40:00
in donegal raised a little H but
40:03
actually it comes here you'll wish I
40:05
sheet home without her she is ideally
40:07
it's a little more accurate true cool
40:10
it's okay shoot okay usually make the
40:15
sheet smaller but it's okay what else
40:17
sure is OK and then
40:23
tome okay except for we could make it a
40:27
little make it 3424 instead of five Xiao
40:36
that ok and r is that okay sorry Joe
40:53
should be an upside-down are this is a
40:56
different one that they're using here so
40:59
you take it upside down are like an
41:01
American English and then you retroflex
41:05
it because they're very similar except
41:08
in American English we have rounding or
41:10
or dirt her you don't have rounding in
41:15
Chinese but you have a post alveolar are
41:17
our boy so it's still a very similar
41:22
kind of our without the rounding which
41:24
we don't mark anyway plus retro flicks
41:27
and then next what is it rule we're
41:33
going to stop there because the bell
41:34
rang let's take a short break okay it
41:37
looks like most of you are back actually
41:38
why don't we continue so last class all
41:41
right during the break there was a
41:42
question and that was about on page 99
41:46
in your textbooks let's do this before
41:48
we go back to our transcription which is
41:50
almost done go to page 99 in your
41:52
textbooks and this was something that I
41:56
got confused when I was presenting
41:59
because in fact this whole idea of tents
42:03
and lacks fouls and having pairs that we
42:07
can match up with each other is not
42:09
something everybody agrees on and I was
42:12
I was just saying that when latter fo
42:14
kid doesn't like something he usually
42:17
either he will make it clear in the
42:20
textbook that he doesn't like it very
42:21
much you know like when we were talking
42:23
about Cornell's does everybody remember
42:24
Cornell's nigga should I what did we say
42:27
about Cornell's is it a very useful term
42:31
in phonetics no it's used mainly in
42:35
analogy and it's useful in phenology but
42:37
it's very long time so we don't find it
42:39
so useful in phonetics so he was saying
42:41
this is not useful he will usually say
42:43
right out when he doesn't like something
42:44
or and I'm being a little presumptuous
42:47
and saying so sometimes the things do
42:50
not get presented very well that's why I
42:52
left Toby out toby is a useful system
42:54
but I find the way it's presented in
42:56
this textbook confusing that's why just
42:58
left it out if you want to use Toby go
43:00
ahead and there's stuff on the internet
43:01
you can learn it yourself and for this I
43:04
not I don't remember for sure but I
43:06
believe that this table was not did not
43:09
exist in this forum in the old editions
43:11
and when I was teaching it that I
43:13
remember being confused and thinking how
43:15
am I going to get through this and I
43:17
tried to fix it up as well as I could
43:18
for the video but in fact there's a
43:21
problem a lot of problems with this
43:22
table and it's with a so-called tents
43:24
and lacks vowels ok latifolia does not
43:27
as far as I know he did not like the
43:28
terms tents and lacks bowels however we
43:31
have defined short and long vowels let's
43:33
just forget about tents and lacks we
43:35
have the define short and long vowels
43:37
very clearly phonological e is that
43:39
right it's a phonological definition and
43:42
it's very consistent and there's no
43:44
problem with it that i know of what is
43:46
the definition of a long vowel in
43:48
english a long vowel is a vowel that can
43:52
occur in both open and closed syllables
43:54
a short vowel is a vowel that can only
43:57
occur in closed syllables and basically
44:01
as far as i can tell tense Joe Dungey
44:04
long lag still gonna short that's the
44:07
best thing we can do with them otherwise
44:08
we're going to have problems because if
44:11
you're talking about articulation you
44:14
cannot prove that one is really more or
44:16
less dense than the other so is it
44:19
really is you can make is quite tense
44:22
your tongue can be quite tense or he
44:24
doesn't want to go he can also be very
44:26
lacks so personally I think tents and
44:29
lacks if you want to use them simply as
44:32
labels for phonology you have to define
44:34
them clearly that they mean short and
44:36
long then it's okay we have no problem
44:38
but if you really want to start
44:39
measuring physiological tenseness Alexis
44:42
it's not going to work so frankly I will
44:45
not test you on that ignore 10
44:48
and lacks just ignore it but we will
44:50
definitely refer to short and long
44:52
vowels as defined by their phonological
44:54
definition did that clarify everything
44:56
goat into a map and here it says in this
45:00
table oi is under lacks vowels now that
45:03
makes no sense because it is aah oi is a
45:09
diphthong and all diphthongs are long
45:14
all the funds are long is there an
45:16
exception can you think of a diff phone
45:18
that can only occur in a closed syllable
45:21
drums thinking anybody else know all
45:24
diphthongs are long I believe this was a
45:27
misprint I don't think it was that they
45:29
don't understand it I think it was a
45:31
misprint this table is confusing there
45:34
are many ways of linking up or matching
45:36
up the vowels into pairs these are up
45:42
and put together as long and short ah is
45:45
long at is short they often go together
45:48
as a pair you can also say that a goes
45:53
together with ad because of spelling for
45:56
historical reasons so for example with
45:59
the final silent e we have page without
46:02
it we have Pat so these form a pair and
46:05
this is what they call long and short
46:07
when they're teaching kids how to read
46:09
you should just know that because it
46:12
exists and if you talk to Americans
46:14
about long and short vowels this is what
46:16
they understand and you can easily
46:18
remember them by spelling so this is a
46:21
short it bit the long the long I would
46:25
be what fight and that is I so we've got
46:29
I hear mashed with it and you can find
46:32
it in the spelling let's try another one
46:34
let's try ooh this actually they use you
46:37
so for example c-ute and see you t we've
46:42
got cute so we'll get rid of this okay
46:46
here you and up so you and I will be
46:49
paired together you can see it in the
46:51
spelling we have a little bit of a
46:54
problem with II because II doesn't form
46:58
doesn't form a diphthong we have
47:01
if we have a good pair I'll just pick
47:04
one out of the out of the air scene and
47:08
then we have for example set okay we can
47:14
do that sorry that's better okay seat
47:17
and set seat and said so this is e and
47:21
this is a those will often go together
47:25
this is not a diphthong though that's
47:27
the only one that's not a diphthong and
47:28
then we also have oh and ah so for
47:34
example not such a good example but I
47:39
can't think of a better one and it also
47:41
is ok actually soap is 0 or we could
47:47
have something with Oh something e oh
47:50
there we go here's a better one note not
47:54
that's a better one oh and this sounds
47:57
like aah so here Olga's ah a match was
48:00
aa which is written as 0 this ad gets
48:03
matched with ah but this I is written as
48:06
as ah well do not necessarily but yeah
48:10
ha and then this becomes act if it's pat
48:14
so this one doesn't work so well for
48:17
American because we don't have that many
48:18
oz written as a most of our ah sounds
48:22
are written is oh and in our minds
48:25
that's a short oh and a short o is like
48:27
note and not which matches oh and AH now
48:30
that may have sounded very confusing but
48:32
if you look at the spelling it's very
48:33
very clear cream on did you follow or
48:36
not dear condo shown in OT ah not a no
48:41
te that that's the so-called long vowel
48:43
that becomes oh alright SE tea set and
48:48
then we've got seat here we can put
48:51
those together in a pear cut cute you
48:55
can see it in the spelling bit bite Pat
48:58
pate egg goes with a that's the little
49:02
kids version of long and short vowels it
49:05
doesn't help us and what we're doing but
49:07
you need to know this because if you
49:09
talk to someone who hasn't studied
49:10
phonetics in the States this is what
49:12
they understand by long
49:13
is it clear or not yomo yomo it turns
49:18
off hi sahi GUI and he's got it how
49:22
about the rest of you is it clear
49:24
whenever you're not sure just go to the
49:26
spellings and very often you can add a
49:28
silent E and then you will get the pair
49:32
that you're looking for doesn't work for
49:34
all words but this is one way to do it
49:36
so there's a mixture of this in that
49:39
table it seems the pairs are not very
49:43
tidy so never mind about the pairs we're
49:47
simply going to use the phonological
49:48
definition of long and short vowels and
49:50
that's the end of the story and all diff
49:52
phones are long that part is really
49:55
clear right that's really all you need
49:56
that's all I'll test you on this other
49:58
stuff is just cultural background let's
50:00
finish unless we have any questions so
50:03
this oya does not belong there at all it
50:05
should be under the tense vowels and
50:06
these pairs are not so tidy who goes
50:09
with uh no problem but where did all go
50:11
Oh does not have a good match in
50:13
American it goes with I a goes with at
50:17
an American and II actually goes with a
50:21
so confusing never mind grandpa okay mmm
50:27
was there anything else that we needed
50:29
to bring up that was confusing or
50:30
mistaken or anything like that
50:39
we're quicker to i-25 home to nobody in
50:48
Chinese well first of all in taiwan
50:50
mandarin we we use very very very few
50:53
what neutral chance tivo mayo tywanda
50:57
nigga why she was a male change down
51:00
mostly ching chong are restricted to
51:02
what function words like the man Joe
51:10
Conger su su dong XI right or to the
51:13
don't she can show whatever so mostly
51:16
the team's young and Taiwan Mandarin is
51:19
restricted to function words that should
51:21
go in your notes that's an important
51:22
idea that's about the only place you
51:26
find ching chong and Mandarin in Taiwan
51:27
the other ones will be very foreign
51:32
sounding they sound very Beijing not
51:34
very they don't sound very natural for
51:36
Taiwan did that answer your question
51:38
Stanley or not because we know that
51:43
usual calm we can place oh oh oh all
51:50
that all the tones can become neutral
51:52
yes I wonder that which which home time
51:59
k bar oh well it seems to me that in
52:05
taiwan mandarin you don't mark any of
52:08
them except the function words if you if
52:10
you're talking about beijing mandarin
52:12
that's another story and I'm not really
52:14
qualified to answer that but it's
52:16
usually a height like global and things
52:18
like that Oh for example for we should
52:23
mark the tongs in the second
52:26
in a sector the compartment second
52:30
syllable this is little sicker silver
52:33
balls yeah always okay no no no so is
52:42
actually an example of a neutral a
52:44
neutral function word so it's like it's
52:47
the way it's a it's a suffix for nouns
52:49
like eat the jewels should that is a
52:53
neutral tone if you pronounce it in the
52:56
3rd tone then it becomes yeah and then
53:00
it's like home food like it's Lou new
53:03
then it takes on lexical meaning it
53:05
means son or scholar teacher whatever
53:08
okay that answer the question so it's
53:13
just one of those one of those function
53:15
words it happens to be a suffix in this
53:17
case we do have a neutral tone there one
53:20
of the rare neutral tones that we have
53:22
in Taiwan khaimah yeah okay thank you
53:25
anybody else let's go back to our work
53:29
here we stopped in a very strange place
53:38
okay so it was a a rule then we have to
53:44
go on 27 there we go okay move I'll make
53:50
your fourth tone a little larger because
53:52
I think we really do start at 55 the
53:56
levels is probably the best we only use
53:58
it in the fourth tone though mu and how
54:01
about the vowel here we don't need to
54:03
curls just one curl to the right
54:09
melted and then you'll being eating out
54:13
good to share a boutique essential I
54:16
mean it's not used to take a fool ha let
54:19
me on the booster sanction the fool how
54:21
we put a line here and we have 21 so
54:25
it's a jewel move Jean came on and then
54:34
the I would put it up at four maybe
54:37
that's what your room suggested the and
54:39
then gwan should be
54:48
one because it's in there for we use ah
54:53
Angela i melted and then I don't
55:00
understand this fool hell here I have to
55:04
go back and find the place okay Gwen she
55:09
all right and Gwen we don't want to line
55:12
under here it's not a tap symbol so one
55:16
like this a little longer let's make it
55:19
look longer there one and then for what
55:22
is your tone for this word it can be
55:28
both in Taiwan in Beijing it's what yeah
55:33
in Beijing that's a change and when she
55:35
made when she make one sheet but in
55:38
Taiwan it's either it's either a first
55:41
tone or or a fourth tone but to me
55:47
personally and you can tell me if I'm
55:48
right or wrong if use a forest tone here
55:51
it sounds more emphatic to me I don't
55:53
know if that's true I going to see you I
55:55
oisin mcgrann she made when she doesn't
55:57
sound natural to me Hagen tahdig when
56:00
she says I yeah
56:10
yeah originally but actually it should
56:12
be in this case it should be a change
56:15
huh I do hear the fourth tone sometimes
56:17
people do say the fourth tone sometimes
56:19
but the default in Taiwan is first time
56:22
make when she and it sounds funny I'm
56:26
sure to a Beijing speaker that you make
56:27
it so clear such a clear tone you guys
56:30
make when she when she it really sounds
56:32
like it doesn't matter in addition doubt
56:34
it was all a lot right then Sunday I'll
56:36
go make wine she all right when we say
56:37
make when she knew how are you did Jin
56:39
Cincinnati like when she have a full
56:42
time that's just my subjective feeling
56:47
but it is definitely a first tone do you
56:49
agree most of you we're not I'm seen
56:52
that boost so when she will rule all
56:53
right we're just saying what we hear and
56:55
pool d watch that line on the right it
56:59
needs to be straight not that I'm really
57:01
good at straight lines ok boo ding are
57:05
we okay here yeah then we go to eight
57:13
missing okay it's uh huh okay just a
57:18
minute let me find the place here again
57:20
the Gwen she who didn't quite yeah what
57:23
should we write H you e I tone there we
57:32
go all right budin way say yeah and this
57:37
is the same as English what would we use
57:39
here in English because we're talking
57:41
about what in terms of what in terms of
57:44
I what are we talking about you use
57:48
weight very much like we use what in
57:50
english no not will that's the problem
57:55
that's what Tony's do that's telling
57:57
English would a past tense you ain't hot
58:01
janousek war cheater searching ah hoi ha
58:04
made him quit sounds well he's talking
58:06
about what happened up to the past when
58:07
he was reporting this how made him quit
58:09
down tool of course it can mean into the
58:12
future in Chinese weight is much much
58:15
looser than wood in English but in terms
58:17
of this story at least in my
58:19
interpretation wait this is what he does
58:21
every day
58:23
to the point of the report so it's the
58:25
chick how many ways out to every day he
58:28
would bring a bag of garbage whatever in
58:31
his mouth okay so there's the missing
58:33
word and then after that what's yet
58:39
what's the problem here got the right
58:42
phoneme but yeah I think it's worth
58:46
putting in the Ala phone here it's the
58:47
right phoning but the OGG and s is I
58:51
thought I'd tool which is why I made
58:52
this compromise did and then should okay
58:57
try not to go through the line sure
58:59
that's good enough and then kinking want
59:04
one right ping ping one remember I'm try
59:12
that and if I modes and then on a blue
59:17
yonder you get a the phony telephone
59:19
guan guan and then die ling Lin or Ling
59:34
this is a taiwan mandarin problem right
59:37
you may Honduran an uncle fun now it's
59:40
true we could put that in our
59:41
transcription but again it's a
59:44
compromise I make some kinds of
59:46
allowances for things I think are okay
59:48
other things I think are still not okay
59:50
and one is undone your phone oh I intend
59:53
to otherwise it's really going to get
59:54
confusing so lean drew the lien is that
59:57
Ling jus lin chi-ling jus a lot of you
60:02
don't distinguish yeah
60:09
we're using a mile to hear ya I thought
60:13
it didn't follow through thank you very
60:15
good so that lean and then we're going
60:19
on here go on leave here what kind of
60:26
vowel should we use here this would be
60:29
da da a the TA or da dr go right
60:35
therefore we should use epsilon okay
60:43
name me yeah all right do you guys use
60:48
the first tone for this word the
60:50
dictionary tone is is one what do you
60:53
use de mayo de shou de chema or design
61:01
jam ok Jerome has the first home how
61:05
about the rest of you anybody who does
61:06
not use the first tone for this work
61:08
what do you use second third
61:15
many people use the third tone session
61:18
with josh ah ting dao jia fine we'll
61:20
just show you may teach aliens a fun way
61:22
to fun today samsung which it is like I
61:26
one hand pool beer but if anybody checks
61:29
the dictionary it should be the first
61:30
tone I prefer the first one here so TFM
61:33
and then yeah we use a J here why
61:38
somebody asked during the break why we
61:44
use j instead of I here because it's a
61:48
diphthong and it's the first sound in
61:51
the syllable it's a rising give found
61:54
just like you in English so if it's the
61:57
first sound of the syllable we use j
61:59
instead of I now I've made an exception
62:03
because II I've left out the j of E and
62:08
that's maybe not consistent but we
62:10
really don't say ye and Taiwan and
62:12
that's why in i think in if you're using
62:17
IPA to write beijing mandarin you will
62:19
probably right ye for your sign that II
62:21
wish I could J but I think it's really
62:24
not appropriate for Taiwan for I just I
62:27
the chin okay so just for your sign that
62:33
II i just use e and then yen John ok boo
62:41
Samia uh-huh
62:47
pooja all right we're going to use what
62:50
I'm going to use a schwa here pooja
62:54
gupta boo CO and then sure go what is
63:02
the tone for gut go this one is a ching
63:06
chong right yes yeah
63:13
sorry
63:15
ah ah ah wrong this is wrong thank you
63:23
very much this is what we should have
63:27
here okay john s is not beautiful but
63:32
that's what it is it's a retroflex juror
63:35
try it again not much better but here so
63:41
strong boo yah boo oh sure go all right
63:47
what's the tone on good it's a neutral
63:50
tone right especially when we don't say
63:52
you could write you can say you go don't
63:55
see and you can make it very full but in
63:58
this case momentum me oh shoot sister
64:01
bday ok puja buco should eat go away if
64:05
we put either then maybe it wouldn't be
64:06
so neutral but here it's very short
64:10
should go ok way is something missing
64:17
this is a trip bomb it's a little
64:20
confusing because in keeney and how your
64:23
P need its way like this they made the
64:27
trip song into just two letters for the
64:29
hanger pinions ballet but here we need
64:33
an eye
64:37
okay qui tool okay one we need a little
64:43
longer but it's right 11 bout we what's
64:54
missing same thing okay wait show don't
65:06
make it stick out too much so don't let
65:09
me make it very short go we're done okay
65:14
now did I miss anything Jerome's been
65:17
catching most of the things i miss it's
65:19
really really easy to miss things and
65:21
it's hard also defined my place on my
65:22
and my copy here anybody yeah
65:34
dual its without Oh actually for this
65:37
one yeah I do this this is what i use
65:42
jewel jewel let me see what i have here
65:47
yeah do I just it down to tool it
65:50
because it's not true it's cool tool so
65:54
I do you Zack I call over there any
65:55
other questions just like in home same
66:00
one anything else Clemmie alright so go
66:05
over carefully we have some time left
66:07
let's do another part let's do another
66:09
let's do another sentence just one
66:12
sentence okay in the next paragraph do
66:16
it up to pop bang whoa a deep nigga D
66:19
fun do it now in class everybody quickly
66:22
what's what's the problem huh Mayo enjoy
66:28
lunch shall I all right i'll put it up
66:30
okay is it okay budin good side Ibaka
66:36
your da sure chickadee funk Rima please
66:39
tell me yes or no thank you wow you
66:44
really don't have the habit of giving
66:46
teachers feedback is that right the
66:49
answer's no no we don't have the habit
66:53
because I find that in all my classes
66:55
I'll ask them a question and they'll
66:57
just stare at me you need to give
67:01
feedback you really need to get feedback
67:03
when you're a teacher in the future you
67:04
will want it yourself so try to get in
67:06
the habit I know you're not used to it
67:08
but you can make yourself use to it
67:09
pretty quickly I think okay whoever is
67:13
finished who has not already put
67:15
something on the board Jaime oshio
67:16
Gordon please go up and start someone
67:20
who is finished the sentence try to copy
67:25
it down on your paper and that way we
67:27
can refer to it when we're correcting on
67:28
the board we have only a little time
67:30
this is going to finish the rest of the
67:32
hour okay let's see what we can do here
67:38
we need to work on it fast everybody
67:41
watch now tell me when you see something
67:44
wrong budin yeah all right what do we
67:50
want for that you sound 10 why now
67:55
there's two different things we can do
67:56
we can either add we can add the initial
68:00
glide or we cannot this one is how about
68:03
the vowel it's a thousand it's an
68:08
epsilon yeah if we want to add a glide
68:12
this is something we didn't really pay
68:14
much attention to you can use an
68:15
upside-down h that's a the glide for
68:19
example either glides the yeah oh the
68:23
glides the wood and do the glide so they
68:26
go upside down h everybody got that so
68:30
II yeah oh whoa and you you so you can
68:36
if it's got a clear glide on it really
68:38
you put jobs at Taiwan you got your key
68:41
yeah that one is kind of up for grabs
68:47
Tai Chi ah good we have to do the same
68:53
thing again yeah and then this is
68:58
optional yeah it's probably fine without
69:02
it uh-huh thank you good ah we use which
69:10
ah
69:13
no hat ah alright sure is OK and then
69:19
lie is ok doll Chen everything ok yeah
69:27
ok that's better yeah it's not yeah
69:37
minima to me and you're right there's no
69:39
end there what else yo we don't need the
69:47
I there because the glide have taken
69:49
care of it yo you down show your co e if
69:55
you have a glide then it's you optional
69:58
mm-hmm who I here cool I mm-hmm so ah
70:14
mow toe molto molto should be how do you
70:23
write it how about this one same thing
70:31
and then make this flat because it's not
70:35
bull bull tour sure is that okay may
70:43
okay sue is it okay alright cheat tool
70:55
bien thank you okay are we okay yo teen
71:05
tau 2 then little longer maybe then ha
71:14
Tom more
71:18
well better with this to be longer
71:25
gencha not too long okay multiple to the
71:32
tion in all right yeah this or this yes
71:49
if you have i would i would say stick
71:53
with because we need 20 ml to like a
71:55
shiny nigga at Ningaloo how up to now
71:57
we've only been using this we're not
71:58
using this unless you say some you doin
72:02
quad downed it I use it for some sounds
72:04
like cool maybe cool you don't worry in
72:09
Doha tae-yong otherwise in Taiwan is
72:11
quite neutralized I think those two is
72:13
fine okay if you're going to use this
72:16
will probably have to use it elsewhere
72:17
to be consistent yeah
72:25
if you pronounce it that way you can
72:28
choose but you're going to have to
72:29
choose in order to be consistent I stuck
72:33
with all choise but if you say true
72:35
instead of two which one do you like
72:38
better chula or to first or second in
72:43
that case I'd pick the schwa go ahead
72:45
Caroll okay thank you dude right we all
72:53
missed it nobody said it till you did
72:55
and like I said this happens all the
72:57
time at the board if I'm looking down at
72:58
papers it's a little easier I might
73:00
still nessa panda okay won't watch cool
73:02
if you if you really say bullet then you
73:04
have to consider do you want to use that
73:06
and how are you going to distinguish
73:07
between when you use this in the schwa
73:09
you're going to have to decide that now
73:12
Judy yeah you got you need to be have it
73:15
principled thai Yoga you Enzo and you
73:17
put a last year ok what yeah you're
73:20
missing that too right we're getting a
73:22
little sloppy here aren't we more okay
73:25
more torture to the tion in all right
73:31
here in is one way for a we've been
73:34
you're mostly doing it this way this is
73:36
the way you'll find it in most of the
73:38
work on Chinese and from China alright
73:41
boo Yong now remember how we write young
73:45
and in high opinion we use an all sound
73:48
the reason they do is because in Beijing
73:51
they say boo Yong Yong how does that
73:54
sound to you to your ears boom how do
73:58
you like that doesn't sound natural for
74:01
Taiwan which is why we use the ohm J
74:07
open o una that's what we use here we
74:10
don't use you at all it makes sense for
74:13
northern Mandarin now for Taiwan
74:15
Mandarin so much boo Yong okay let's
74:22
finish up we're almost done yeah ja
74:25
excuse me can I get rid of this now it's
74:28
kind of in the way y'all
74:32
Oh Geo mm-hmm way do we want to we need
74:44
to make a very short it's only two one
74:48
yea jus don't t AO shun all right again
74:55
Beijing is probably a neutral tone ciao
74:59
ciao and we only five characters left
75:04
okay this looks a little bit like an
75:07
epsilon so and also i eating siga DN
75:11
don't make it a line Joe right for all
75:15
we're choosing job ha fine huh so what
75:26
makes it should start all the way up so
75:28
uh I think it looks okay I think we're
75:32
done what do you think anybody find
75:33
anything I missed now this is not
75:37
perfect like I said these are personal
75:38
choices does it look good in stranded
75:40
because I think it works for taiwan
75:42
mandarin there's some things where we
75:44
use different syllables for the same
75:46
phoneme to show some of the obvious
75:49
allophones we didn't show all of the
75:51
elephants we just showed some of the
75:52
more obvious ones but i think as a base
75:55
to pass tickets all we get taiwan the
75:58
why you did at each take a haiku e young
76:00
it's usable that's all i can say for it
76:02
and it will get you started if they're
76:04
things you don't like you can suggest
76:05
improvements for example this this ugh
76:07
and little argument that's when you have
76:10
to decide on that's not it's not a very
76:12
simple one anybody have any comments I
76:14
hope though that this was useful for you
76:16
because especially as students in the
76:18
White when she are you finding that you
76:21
probably know a lot in some ways you
76:23
know a lot more about English than
76:24
Chinese is that right a lot of you know
76:27
a lot more about English then you know
76:28
about Chinese and you could say well I'm
76:30
not in the Chinese department doesn't
76:32
matter how can we answer that argument
76:36
number one absolutely number one is your
76:39
native speaker of Chinese and you should
76:41
know more about it and say well it's not
76:43
your job you're in the foreign language
76:44
department how can we answer that well
76:47
what in addition of what other benefits
76:51
are there in addition to saying that
76:53
well yes i'm a native speaker i should
76:55
know a lot about my native language what
76:56
else that concerns us here in this class
76:58
and in your other English classes what
77:00
concerns it what argument can we give
77:05
for saying why it's important to know
77:06
more about your native language if you
77:08
want to do the translation alright
77:17
that's number two reason if you are
77:19
going to have any exchange with
77:20
foreigners we're interested in Chinese
77:22
if you're going to do translation you
77:24
need it what else not just that even if
77:27
you're just staying within the realm of
77:29
foreign language department classes a
77:33
lot of things you don't really fully
77:35
understand in English until you
77:37
understand what you do in Chinese for a
77:39
lot of things I say will you do this in
77:41
Chinese don't you go oh yeah for example
77:43
dou ng don't want that do i do the quays
77:45
look at england's hobbled off but why do
77:48
so many foreign language students read
77:50
English like they're like on a jet mmm
77:54
no stop at all and it's very hard to
77:57
understand would you do that when you
77:59
speak Chinese or read Chinese no so the
78:02
more where you are of what you do
78:04
normally in your own language the better
78:07
you're going to be able to learn English
78:09
and you will understand the connections
78:10
that honey boy oh yeah nigga England
78:13
some equate Sonoma door as soon as you
78:15
realize you have similar rules in your
78:18
own language doesn't that make you more
78:20
willing to accept what we do in english
78:22
don't you think you said we have to do
78:24
this in chinese well why should english
78:26
be easier we do this in chinese okay
78:28
okay dear show England is she a downsell
78:31
for example glenshee as an example okay
78:34
so those are only a few of the reasons
78:36
the more you know about your native
78:38
language the more connections you make
78:39
and not just putting Chinese here and
78:42
then English they're two different
78:43
islands in the middle of the ocean you
78:45
need to make a lot of connections all of
78:47
them need to be have wireless
78:48
access so they can communicate with each
78:50
other and the more connections you can
78:53
may the deeper and the more fuller the
78:56
more filled out your understanding of
78:58
language in general be and a both
79:00
English and Chinese individually do you
79:03
follow what I'm saying so you really
79:06
need to know a lot more about your
79:07
laying your native language so I hope
79:09
that this is sort of a start for you
79:12
this will help you be more aware of
79:14
things you do in Mandarin if you're
79:15
unsatisfied with things that's great
79:17
propose something different based on
79:20
your ears listening to yourself what
79:22
sounds right to your ears listen to what
79:24
you hear other people do I'm going to
79:26
give you a hand yet school year okay
79:28
handouts ouya for everybody who comes
79:30
back if you don't come back you're
79:31
you're out free and Nigel Mahama you're
79:34
home free okay so your hunch at school
79:37
yet for everybody who comes back the
79:39
rest of you can do it even if you don't
79:40
come back but i can't check it your
79:43
handouts way is over your winter
79:45
vacation I want you to just write it
79:47
down even if you're not planning to come
79:49
back write it down anyway I want you to
79:54
make three observations about language
79:58
around you language in use a lot of you
80:02
will be going home for example to
80:04
central and southern Taiwan to be with
80:06
your grandparents or we are on sand
80:08
uncle's for the new year holidays that
80:10
right you're going to hear all kinds of
80:12
language variation you're going to hear
80:15
all kinds of interesting things in
80:17
language in the past you say Shankar
80:19
didn't like a tongue holds or something
80:20
like that but now you'll notice it as
80:23
something interesting not as something
80:25
just like I was saying before about my
80:27
weird ball-ball distinction you'll
80:30
notice eight they have a very special
80:32
way of saying that or tides on the nigga
80:34
way in suisun pythons was yoga Toby the
80:37
way in some students have told me if you
80:39
don't know what I'm talking about then
80:40
ask somebody from Taichung maybe they
80:42
can explain it or the way little
80:44
children speak or the way people who
80:47
have a haka background speaks leo kouda
80:49
beijing again how you define the Tholian
80:52
even if they're just speaking Mandarin
80:53
all right anything that you notice even
80:56
if it's not directly fanatics anything
80:58
about language language use words
81:01
vocabulary grammar all of that is on the
81:04
table everything is in play so three
81:07
observations about language write them
81:09
down don't just kind of remember them in
81:11
your head because I can tell you from
81:12
experience not just because of my age we
81:15
forget things and once you forget
81:17
something like that Gwen saw how they
81:18
get all mushy you may never get it back
81:20
and it'll bother you the rest of your
81:22
life it happens science of Sonko yoga
81:26
donkey whooping I out kids I go one's on
81:28
me man what's done is Obama so I know
81:30
that I have to write everything down so
81:32
write it out and then the first class
81:34
next semester we're going to share our
81:36
observations that you've collected over
81:38
your winter vacation now the real
81:41
purpose of this is to get you to start
81:43
listening they're more carefully and
81:45
start treasuring everything that you
81:47
hear it's an experience that we have as
81:49
humans on this earth to walk this earth
81:51
is a big privilege and the more that you
81:54
notice the little things of life the
81:57
little things are really the big things
81:59
of what it is to be human you know we're
82:01
not just perfect spirits who have
82:03
nothing to do all day who don't have to
82:04
eat or drink or go to the bathroom where
82:06
people who do weird and funny things
82:08
every day and that is the precious thing
82:11
about life one of the biggest precious
82:13
things about life so listen carefully
82:16
you know be involved notice things that
82:18
you yourself do write them down three
82:20
observations for next semester in
82:22
addition this is not going to be
82:24
required but because most of you are on
82:27
the why when she and I believe all of
82:28
you want to keep working on your English
82:29
and your other languages like French
82:31
Japanese check whatever it is you're
82:33
studying I encourage all of you to yawn
82:37
some 10 minutes a day echo method as
82:40
described in the first two articles that
82:43
you've read for this class the doc I
82:44
jumped at old young pan they told you
82:47
how to do 10 minutes a day of echo
82:49
practice if you do more than 10 minutes
82:51
you won't have time and you'll just not
82:53
want to do it because we as humans are
82:56
very very lazy our brains really want to
82:58
make life as easy as possible for us 10
83:00
minutes a day make the effort and listen
83:03
carefully do echo method at least listen
83:06
carefully to English or your other
83:08
foreign language 10 minutes every day
83:09
you will improve because a lot of the
83:11
problems in
83:12
taiwan english and you know there are a
83:14
lot of problems now right which is like
83:16
tell to dejando nullifying the wimpy now
83:19
you are aware of what some of them are a
83:20
lot of them could be fixed if people
83:23
used the listening approach rather than
83:26
just sleep identity only 2g farming the
83:28
fighting and then beju shame and then
83:30
call since transit he and that's it
83:33
that's your English there's hardly any
83:36
sound involved in that whole process the
83:37
way it is often done in Taiwan if you
83:40
want to tool pool if you want to
83:42
transcend that and do better you need
83:44
sound coming into your ears every day
83:46
and not just going by it's not turning
83:49
on I see it I CRT in the background Mayo
83:51
you janessa misma yo you need to hear
83:54
something interesting over and over and
83:57
over again until it's stuck in your
83:59
subconscious your unconscious and then
84:01
it's yours and then that will help you
84:03
improve everything in your English
84:04
because it's like models that you've
84:06
stored up that you can use for
84:08
comparison so I encourage you this is
84:11
required is the three observations but I
84:13
highly encourage everybody to do ten
84:15
minutes a day and if you are already
84:17
really happy with your English use your
84:19
10 minutes a day for your French or for
84:21
your vietnamese or Turkish or whatever
84:23
it is you're learning 10 minutes every
84:25
day it will help your overall
84:27
sensitivity to any language in addition
84:29
to improving that particular language
84:31
you're learning all right does anybody
84:33
have any final questions comments the
84:35
bell has rung we need to go anybody have
84:37
anything to say ask okay we'll see you
84:44
all at the final exam all right