Buf Intro

Goals

print /a ___ -> prints as a hex address. Can take direct math (i.e. $esp+4) or a dereferenced address if what the address points to is another pointer (i.e. print /a *0x085647fc will work if 0x085647fc, and the contents of 0x085647fc, are pointers.) NOTE: To get this to work with direct math on a register, we must cast the resulting address of the sum as a pointer to a pointer (i.e. print /a *(void**)($esp+4)). This was the solution to a problem we had earlier.
x/x 0x_____ -> is the equivalent of the above, but doesn't need the cast. This says, trust me, I know what this is, just examine this address as a hexadecimal address (i.e. x/x ($esp+4) is equivalent to print /a *(void**)($esp+4)).
:$ objdump -d disas.txt is extremely helpful in this lab.
Stack grows towards lower addresses.
A byte takes 2 hex numbers.